Advanced Data Analytics towards Energy Efficient and Emission Reduction Retrofit Technology Integration in Shipping

An overview of integrating two energy efficient and emission reduction technologies to improve ship energy efficiency under advanced data analytics is presented in this study. The proposed technologies consist of developing engine and propulsion innovations that will be experimented under laboratory conditions and large-model-scale sea trials, respectively. These experiments will collect large amount of data sets that will be used to quantify the performance of both innovations under the advanced data analytics framework (ADAF). Hence, extensive details on the ADAF along with preliminary data sets collected from a case study vessel are presented in this study

Tradition as asset or burden for transitions from forests as cropping systems to multifunctional forest landscapes: Sweden as a case study

Expectations of what forests and woodlands should provide vary among locations, stakeholder groups, and over time. Developing multifunctional forests requires understanding of the dynamic roles of traditions and cultural legacies in social-ecological systems at multiple levels and scales. Implementing policies about multifunctional forests requires a landscape and social-ecological perspective, and recognition of both spatial and temporal features at multiple scales. This study explores the dissemination of even-aged silviculture in central, eastern and northern Europe, and the consequences of choosing different vantage points in social-ecological systems for mapping of barriers, and to identify levers, towards multifunctional forest landscapes. Using a narrative approach, we first summarise the development of even-aged silviculture in four European regions. Next, we focus on Sweden as a keen adopter of even-aged silviculture, and identify levers at three groups of vantage points. They were (1) biosphere with biodiversity as short-hand for composition, structure and function of ecosystems, which support human well-being at multiple scales; (2) society in terms of different levels of stakeholder interactions from local to global, and (3) economy represented by value chain hierarchies and currencies. The emergence of even-aged silviculture >200 years ago formed an expanding frontier from central to northern Europe. Sustained yield wood production and biodiversity conservation encompass different portfolios of ecosystem aspects and spatio-temporal scales. Ignorance and lack of knowledge about these differences enforce their mutual rivalry. An exploratory review of six groups of stakeholders at multiple levels in the traditional industrial forest value chain highlights inequalities in terms of distribution of income and power across different levels of governance. This effectively marginalises other than powerful industrial actors. The distribution of financial results along the value chain is dynamic in space and time, and not all benefits of forest ecosystems can be measured using monetary valuation. There are also other currencies and incentives. A discussion of cultural trajectories in central and eastern European, Russian and Swedish forest management illustrates that forest history patterns repeat themselves. Longitudinal case studies of countries and regions can help foster holistic multi-dimensional and multilevel systems thinking. Application of deep levers of change is likely to require external drivers. A key challenge is to handle the manufacturing of doubt and decay of truth, i.e., the appearance of alternative facts, and the diminishing role of evidence and systems analyses in political and civic discourses. This transition is fuelled by new and rapidly evolving digital arenas

Design and synthesis of soluble and cell-permeable PI3Kδ inhibitors for long-acting inhaled administration

PI3Kδ is a lipid kinase that is believed to be important in the migration and activation of cells of the immune system. Inhibition is hypothesised to provide a powerful yet selective immunomodulatory effect that may be beneficial for the treatment of conditions such as asthma or rheumatoid arthritis. In this work we describe the identification of inhibitors based on a thiazolopyridone core structure and their subsequent optimisation for inhalation. The initially identified compound (13) had good potency and isoform selectivity but was not suitable for inhalation. Addition of basic substituents to a region of the molecule pointing to solvent was tolerated (enzyme inhibition pIC50 >9) and by careful manipulation of the pKa and lipophilicity we were able to discover compounds (20b, 20f) with good lung retention and cell potency that could be taken forward to in-vivo studies where significant target engagement could be demonstrated

A Holistic Anomaly Detection System: Improving Safety in Maritime Engine Rooms by Utilizing Methods Mimicking Human Perception

Mimicking human senses and perception with digital solutions is surprisingly complex. Doing it safely in a marine environment with modern machinery is even more difficult. To support the development trend towards increased autonomy in ships, the author described the most used sensors, data processing and algorithm training techniques used for anomaly detection within the industry. Insights and learning were benchmarked from the aviation industry in how to build human-centric, ethical, and trustworthy AI solutions for both the development and operation of assets. The work identified typical challenges and solutions for how to counteract them. To better understand how humans react in situations where machinery fails, the author took a deep dive into how human intelligence, perception, and cognition are similar to or differ from the artificial equivalents, when reaching situational awareness. The author especially investigated what a maritime crew does and how they act in both normal and abnormal situations, to find out how to support their goals using holistic anomaly detection systems, both from a technological and psychological point of view. Finally, the work presented suggestions on developing, implementing, and validating a holistic AI-powered anomaly detection system in a maritime engine room environment

Does Gender Matter? : Nurses' communications with children during blood test procedures

Equal opportunities for children are in general regarded as crucial; nevertheless, children are still often treated differently due to their sex. This could limit a child's inherent way of expressing him/herself. Nurses need to be aware of how gender constructions influence their interactions with children. The aim of this study was to illuminate interpretative repertoires that a group of nurses use when communicating with children during blood test procedures in two children's hospitals in Sweden. Data was collected by semi-structured observations of nurses conducting blood test procedures on children, and the observations were analyzed using discourse psychology. Two main groups of interpretative repertoires were found. In one group the repertoires were supporting gender stereotyping and in the other group the repertoires were weakening gender stereotyping. In conclusion, nurses' interactions with children during procedures offer the children different socially and culturally constructed interpretative repertoires about gender. Increased consciousness of gender issues is needed among nurses to enable children to be and act freely, without being forced into limited gendered expectations

Patients’ health and quality of life after complex endovascular aortic repair : a prospective cohort study

Rationale: Complex endovascular aortic repair often involves multiple major procedures over time with a high risk of complications and little time for recovery. This exposes patients to great stress, both physically and mentally, with potentially long-lasting effects. There is limited knowledge about these effects and who is most at risk – information on this could help vascular nurses and other healthcare professionals anticipate and meet care needs. Aim: To investigate the health and quality of life effects of complex endovascular aortic repair, in relation to patients’ demographic and health characteristics. Design: A prospective cohort study. Methods: Patients undergoing elective complex endovascular aortic repair were consecutively recruited from one university hospital during one year (n=25). Self-report questionnaires on health disability (WHODAS 2.0), quality of life (WHOQoL-BREF) and symptoms of anxiety and depression (HADS) were filled out preoperatively and repeated one and six months postoperatively. Prospective changes in health and quality of life, and associations with patient demographics and preoperative health characteristics, were assessed. Ethical approval was obtained prior to study performance. Results: Overall, patients had significantly greater health disability at one month (WHODAS 2.0 score median 31.5, range 1.1–63.0) than preoperatively (median 13.6, range 0.0–41.3) (n=22, p=.017); the majority had recovered at six months (median 11.4, range 3.3–58.7) (n=18, p=.042). No significant effects were seen in quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression (p>.05). However, the participants showed heterogeneity, with certain individuals not recovered at six months (n=8). Factors associated with worse six-month outcomes were being female, age < 70 years, postoperative complications, and history of anxiety or depression. Conclusions: Complex endovascular aortic repair have limited long-term negative effects on patients’ health and quality of life. However, some patients are not recovered at six months postoperatively, which could be explained by individual characteristics. To improve recovery outcomes, vascular nurses and other health care professionals should be aware of the possible recovery trajectories and factors associated with impaired recovery, and use them to anticipate and meet the patients’ individual care needs

Clinical findings and psychosocial factors in patients with atypical odontalgia : a case-control study

AIM: To provide a systematic description of clinical findings and psychosocial factors in patients suffering from atypical odontalgia (AO). METHODS: Forty-six consecutive AO patients (7 men and 39 women; mean age, 56 years; range, 31 to 81 years) were compared with 35 control subjects (11 men and 24 women; mean age, 59 years; range, 31 to 79 years). RESULTS: The pain of the AO patients was characterized by persistent, moderate pain intensity (mean, 5.6 +/- 1.9) with long pain duration (mean, 7.7 +/- 7.8 years). Eighty-three percent reported that onset of pain occurred in conjunction with dental treatment. No significant difference was found between the groups in number of remaining teeth or number of root fillings. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain (P < .001), tension-type headache (P < .002), and widespread pain (P < .001) were significantly more common among AO patients than controls. Significantly higher scores for somatization (P < .01) and depression (P < .01) and limitations in jaw function (P < .001) were found for the AO group compared with the control group. Significant differences between groups were found in 4 general health domains: role-physical (P < .001), bodily pain (P < .001), vitality (P < .004), and social functioning (P < .001). CONCLUSION: A majority of the AO patients reported persistent, moderately intense intraoral pain that in most cases had an onset in conjunction with dental treatment. AO patients had more comorbid pain conditions and higher scores for depression and somatization. Significant limitation in jaw function and significantly lower scores on quality of life measures were found for AO patients compared with controls

Experiences by patients and health professionals of a multidisciplinary intervention for long-term orofacial pain

The aim of the present study was to describe patients' and health professionals' experiences of a multidisciplinary stress-focused clinical evaluation with prolonged engagement as an intervention for patients with long-term orofacial pain. Data in the patient part of this study were collected by free-text questionnaires using open-ended questions. Data were collected by group interview in the part of the study concerning health professionals. All data were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Data from patients revealed three categories for the intervention, ie, "helpful for most and crucial for some", "being listened to, respected and validated", and "gives important coping strategies". The results showed that a vast majority of patients described themselves as having been helped by the intervention. Some patients reported that meeting with the orofacial pain consultant team was crucial to the future course of their lives. Most patients described still having residual pain and symptoms, and only a few described their pain as being fully remitted. However, because of the intervention, the patients reported being able to adopt more constructive coping strategies. They also described their perception of the pain as being different, in that it was not so frightening once they had been given a model with which to understand it. Data from the health professionals revealed similar categories. Concordance between the patients' and health professionals' experiences was striking. In their descriptions, the health professionals and patients underscored the same components as being effective, with understanding, respect, and validation being the most important. The multidisciplinary approach was highlighted as being key to success by both the patients and health professionals

Experiences by patients and health professionals of a multidisciplinary intervention for long-term orofacial pain

The aim of the present study was to describe patients' and health professionals' experiences of a multidisciplinary stress-focused clinical evaluation with prolonged engagement as an intervention for patients with long-term orofacial pain. Data in the patient part of this study were collected by free-text questionnaires using open-ended questions. Data were collected by group interview in the part of the study concerning health professionals. All data were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Data from patients revealed three categories for the intervention, ie, "helpful for most and crucial for some", "being listened to, respected and validated", and "gives important coping strategies". The results showed that a vast majority of patients described themselves as having been helped by the intervention. Some patients reported that meeting with the orofacial pain consultant team was crucial to the future course of their lives. Most patients described still having residual pain and symptoms, and only a few described their pain as being fully remitted. However, because of the intervention, the patients reported being able to adopt more constructive coping strategies. They also described their perception of the pain as being different, in that it was not so frightening once they had been given a model with which to understand it. Data from the health professionals revealed similar categories. Concordance between the patients' and health professionals' experiences was striking. In their descriptions, the health professionals and patients underscored the same components as being effective, with understanding, respect, and validation being the most important. The multidisciplinary approach was highlighted as being key to success by both the patients and health professionals