Elementary sensory-motor transformations underlying olfactory navigation in walking fruit-flies.

Odor attraction in walking Drosophila melanogaster is commonly used to relate neural function to behavior, but the algorithms underlying attraction are unclear. Here, we develop a high-throughput assay to measure olfactory behavior in response to well-controlled sensory stimuli. We show that odor evokes two behaviors: an upwind run during odor (ON response), and a local search at odor offset (OFF response). Wind orientation requires antennal mechanoreceptors, but search is driven solely by odor. Using dynamic odor stimuli, we measure the dependence of these two behaviors on odor intensity and history. Based on these data, we develop a navigation model that recapitulates the behavior of flies in our apparatus, and generates realistic trajectories when run in a turbulent boundary layer plume. The ability to parse olfactory navigation into quantifiable elementary sensori-motor transformations provides a foundation for dissecting neural circuits that govern olfactory behavior

Electrophysiology of rat hippocampus Novelty and TMaze

The dataset contains local field potentials recorded with 32 channel electrodes (Neuronexus) implanted in the dorsal hippocampus of freely moving rats and covering completely the CA1 region and the dentate gyrus (See Readme.txt). Simultaneously (and synchronously) acquired videos of the behaving animals are also included.Study of theta and gamma oscillatory activity in the hippocampus of animals performing in different memory tasks.Peer reviewe

Functional MRI of long-term potentiation: Imaging network plasticity

Neurons are able to express long-lasting and activity-dependent modulations of their synapses. This plastic property supports memory and conveys an extraordinary adaptive value, because it allows an individual to learn from, and respond to, changes in the environment. Molecular and physiological changes at the cellular level as well as network interactions are required in order to encode a pattern of synaptic activity into a long-term memory. While the cellular mechanisms linking synaptic plasticity to memory have been intensively studied, those regulating network interactions have received less attention. Combining high-resolution fMRI and in vivo electrophysiology in rats, we have previously reported a functional remodelling of long-range hippocampal networks induced by long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic plasticity in the perforant pathway. Here, we present new results demonstrating an increased bilateral coupling in the hippocampus specifically supported by the mossy cell commissural/associational pathway in response to LTP. This fMRI-measured increase in bilateral connectivity is accompanied by potentiation of the corresponding polysynaptically evoked commissural potential in the contralateral dentate gyrus and depression of the inactive convergent commissural pathway to the ipsilateral dentate. We review these and previous findings in the broader context of memory consolidation.E.A.S. is supported by a JAE-pre fellowship from CSIC cofounded by the ‘European Social Fund’ of the EU. Research in S.C. laboratory is supported by grants of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MICINN BFU2009–09938 and PIM2010ERN-00679 (part of the coordinated ERA-Net NEURON project TRANSALC).Peer reviewe

Local activity in the dentate gruys and its propagation are controlled by VTA inputs

Trabajo presentado al 12th Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS): Virtual Forum of NeuroScience, celebrado del 11 al 15 de julio de 2020.We acknowledge financial support from the Horizon2020 research and innovation programme (668863-SyBil-AA), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER funds (PGC2018-101055-B-I00) and the State Research Agency, through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (ref.SEV-2013-0317). L.P.C is supported by a FPI MEC student ship from MINECO (BES-2016-078460).Peer reviewe

Behavioral data

Behavioral dat

Plume measurements in air

Plume measurements in ai

Data from: Elementary sensory-motor transformations underlying olfactory navigation in walking fruit flies

Odor attraction in walking Drosophila melanogaster is commonly used to relate neural function to behavior, but the algorithms underlying attraction are unclear. Here we develop a high-throughput assay to measure olfactory behavior in response to well-controlled sensory stimuli. We show that odor evokes two behaviors: an upwind run during odor (ON response), and a local search at odor offset (OFF response). Wind orientation requires antennal mechanoreceptors, but search is driven solely by odor. Using dynamic odor stimuli, we measure the dependence of these two behaviors on odor intensity and history. Based on these data, we develop a navigation model that recapitulates the behavior of flies in our apparatus, and generates realistic trajectories when run in a turbulent boundary layer plume. The ability to parse olfactory navigation into quantifiable elementary sensori-motor transformations provides a foundation for dissecting neural circuits that govern olfactory behavior

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Cardiac arrest in special circumstances

Lott C, Truhlář A, Alfonzo A, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2021;161:152-219.These European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Cardiac Arrest in Special Circumstances guidelines are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the modifications required to basic and advanced life support for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest in special circumstances; specifically special causes (hypoxia, trauma, anaphylaxis, sepsis, hypo/hyperkalaemia and other electrolyte disorders, hypothermia, avalanche, hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia, pulmonary embolism, coronary thrombosis, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, toxic agents), special settings (operating room, cardiac surgery, catheter laboratory, dialysis unit, dental clinics, transportation (in-flight, cruise ships), sport, drowning, mass casualty incidents), and special patient groups (asthma and COPD, neurological disease, obesity, pregnancy)