Empirical evidence on return migration from Spain to Ecuador. Discourse, myth or reality?

Through this article we analyze in depth the issue of return in international migration. To do this, it has used different statistical sources and in-depth interviews in order to quantify the magnitude of the return of the Ecuadorian origin resident in Spain. We based on this premise, we note that the phenomenon of return to Ecuador has grown significantly in recent years due to the economic crisis in Spain, but has not been on a massive scale. This statement raises the need to reflect on return policies that have been implemented to the present and what should be the priorities of the origin and destination country when it comes to protecting and providing support to international migrants

Migración internacional de retorno y desarrollo de emprendimiento turístico en la ciudad de Riobamba-Ecuador

Evalúa las potencialidades y factores determinantes de la población migrante internacional retornada para el desarrollo de emprendimientos turísticos en la ciudad de Riobamba-Ecuador. La investigación es correlacional y explicativa, el diseño del estudio parte de técnicas de análisis cualitativo, descriptivo y probabilístico en un estudio de caso. Realiza un diagnóstico situacional de la migración internacional de retorno y los emprendimientos turísticos, cuya muestra fue de 15 entrevistas en profundidad aplicadas a responsables institucionales o técnicos, representantes de asociaciones e investigadores. Analiza las características de los migrantes internacionales retornados, la muestra fue de 271 encuestas a migrantes retornados. Analiza los factores y variables determinantes para el desarrollo de emprendimientos turísticos, con una muestra de 30 encuestas aplicadas a expertos en migración internacional y emprendimientos turísticos. Entre los hallazgos más importantes se detectó una apuesta institucional para el desarrollo de emprendimientos turísticos, el 67% de migrantes retornados tiene una actitud y aptitud positiva hacia el emprendimiento. Identifica los factores determinantes del emprendedor, entorno turístico, el entorno institucional y el proceso de planificación. Finalmente, plantea los lineamientos estratégicos y una propuesta de actuación para el desarrollo de emprendimientos turísticos en la ciudad de Riobamba.Tesi

Synthesis of Enantiopure Oxygen- and Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles by Diastereoselective Ring-Closing Metathesis Reaction in Perhydro-1,3-benzoxazine Derivatives

Producción CientíficaDiastereoselective ring‐closing metathesis reactions on chiral trienic perhydro‐1,3‐benzoxazines derived from (−)‐8‐aminomenthol featuring two diastereotopic olefin chains is described. The diastereochemical outcome of the cyclization appeared to be dependent on the length and position of the olefin chains in perhydro‐1,3‐benzoxazine, the degree of substitution of the double bonds and the ruthenium catalyst used. After separation of the diastereomers, and removal of the chiral auxiliary, enantiopure oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles were obtained.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project FEDER-CTQ2014-59870-P)Junta de Castilla y León (Ref. Project FEDER-VA115P17

Applying data mining to software development projects : a case study

One of the main challenges that the project managers have during the building process of a software development project (SDP) is to optimise the values of the parameters that measure the viability of the final process. The accomplishment of this task, something that was not easy at the beginning, was helped with the appearance of dynamic models and simulation environments. The application of data mining techniques to the managing of Software Development Projects (SDP) is not an uncommon phenomenon, as in any other productive process that generates information in the way of input data and output variables. In this paper, we present and analyze the results obtained from a tool, developed by the authors, based on a Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) technique. One of the most important contributions of these techniques to the software engineering field is the possibility of improving the management process of an SDP. The purpose is to provide accurate decision rules in order to help the project manager to take decisions during the development

A Data Mining Method to Support Decision Making in Software Development Projects

In this paper, we present a strategy to induce knowledge as support decision making in Software Development Projects (SDP). The motive of this work is to reduce the great quantity of SDP do not meet the initial cost requirements, delivery date and the quality of the final product. The main objective of this strategy is to support the manager in the decision taking to establish the policies from management when beginning a software project. Thus, we apply a data mining tool, called ELLIPSES, on databases of SDP. The databases are generated by means of the simulation of a dynamic model for the management of SDP. ELLIPSES tool is a new method oriented to discover knowledge according to the expert’s needs, by the detection of the most significant regions. The method essence is found in an evolutionary algorithm that finds these regions one after another. The expert decides which regions are significant and determines the stop criterion. The extracted knowledge is offered through two types of rules: quantitative and qualitative models. The tool also offers a visualization of each rule by parallel coordinate systems. In order to present this strategy, ELLIPSES is applied to a database which has already been obtained by means of the simulation of a dynamic model on a project concluded.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) TIC2001-1143-C03-0

Is the virtual homologation for pedestrian protection viable?

One out of five deceased in traffic accidents is a pedestrian. In addition, pedestrians represent the 20 % of the hospitalized injured people. The deadliness rate of a pedestrian crash is significantly greater than for the rest of accidents. Thus, pedestrian crash is one of the more lethal traffic accidents and, consequently, pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users. Vehicle's design can influence immensely in the risk of seriousness of the accident. Regulations are the legal instruments in order to establish if a vehicle achieves the minimum safety requirements. Nevertheless, homologation implies costly and destructive tests. This problem could be solved by simulation techniques. Analyzing the viability of a virtual homologation is the main goal of this article. After studying pedestrian crash biomechanics, virtual tests will be performed using Finite Element software (Ls-Dyna) to assess the influence of the design of vehicle and the effect of a safety system (active bonnet). Comparison between virtual tests results and real tests allows deducing if the virtual homologation for pedestrian protection is viable

Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Krøyer) from EU-Spain Bottom Trawl Survey 2018 in NAFO Div. 3LNO

The Spanish Institute of Oceanography carried out in 2018 two bottom trawl surveys in the NAFO Regulatory Area in Division 3NO and 3L during the months of June and August respectively. The results on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are presented and compared with those from previous surveys from the same series. As recent years in 2018the shrimp catch (0.528 kg.) and estimated biomass (2.413 t.) in Divisions 3NO remain between the lowest of the series, confirming the decrease of shrimp importance from 2004. The Northern shrimp catches in 3L Division have declined from 2009, the shrimp catch (1352 kg.) and biomass estimated in 2018 (7807 t.) remain between the lowest values in the historical series

Determining the stress distribution in a bicycle crank under in-service loads

New techniques have been introduced in the design process of most of the components of a bicycle. One of the main purposes of this introduction is trying to achieve the best weight/rigidity relation. However, all these advances have to take into account the security of the rider. Unexpected failures of some components such as stem, handlebar, or cranks, can cause serious injuries to cyclists and have to be prevented. Standard EN 14781:2006 establishes the safety and performance requirements that every bicycle and every component must fit from the point of view of fatigue failure. In this work, several bicycles cranks will be experimentally tested under the loading conditions of the reference standard. The stresses on the critical points will be analyzed to determine the influence of any variation in the test conditions. According to obtained data, several changes in the conditions of the standard will be proposed. Also, loading tolerance values for the test will be suggested, because they are not established in the standard

New Procedure for the Kinematic and Power Analysis of Cyclists in Indoor Training

This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor Technology for Sports Science.In this research, the performance and movements of amateur and professional cyclists were analyzed. For this, reflective markers have been used on different parts of the body of the participants in conjunction with sports cameras and a mobile power meter. The trajectories of the markers have been obtained with the software Kinovea and subsequently analyzed using error ellipses. It is demonstrated that the error ellipses help determine movement patterns in the knees, back, and hip. The covariance of the error ellipses can be indicative of the alignment and symmetry of the frontal movement of the knees. In addition, it allows verifying the alignment of the spine and the symmetry of the hip. Finally, it is shown that it is necessary to consider the uncertainty of the power devices since it considerably affects the evaluation of the cyclists’ performance. Devices with high uncertainty will demand a greater effort from the cyclist to meet the power required in the endurance test developed. The statistical magnitudes considered help to analyze power and evaluate the cyclists’ performance

Impacto del Covid-19 en la demanda turística de la Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chimborazo

The Covid-19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented economic and social breakdown. Tourism, along with its subsystems of supply and demand, has been one of the most affected industries.  Therefore, this research aims to evaluate, the impact of Covid-19 on tourist demand for the Chimborazo Fauna Production Reserve. Based on a qualitative focus. The research design is non-experimental and cross-sectional; the study’s population comprised of 60.667 tourists that visited this protected area during 2020, from which a sample of 156 individuals was drawn. The variables analyzed are Tourist Demand and Covid-19. According to the criteria given by the investigated population, it was determined that Covid-19 caused an average impact of 82% on the indicators of touristic demand, there is also evidence of significant change in tourists behavior, primarily related to tourist safety and motivations for choosing destinations. In conclusion, Covid-19 has significantly impacted tourist demand for the Chimborazo Fauna Production Reserve, which was interpreted as economic and developmental limitations for the tourist-related sectors that work within this protected area. Keywords: Impact, pandemic, Covid-19, demand, Chimborazo.    La pandemia por Covid-19, desencadenó un quiebre económico y social nunca antes experimentado. El turismo, constituido por los subsistemas oferta y demanda, ha sido uno de los sectores más afectados. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente artículo fue evaluar el impacto del Covid-19 en la demanda turística de la Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chimborazo. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo. El diseño empleado fue no experimental y transversal; la población objeto del estudio estuvo conformada por los 60.667 turistas que visitaron el área protegida durante 2020, de los cuales se extrajo una muestra de 156 individuos; las variables analizadas fueron Demanda Turística y Covid-19. De acuerdo al criterio emitido por la población investigada, se determinó que el Covid-19 provocó un impacto promedio del 82% sobre los indicadores de la demanda turística; además, se evidenció un cambio relevante en el comportamiento de los visitantes, relacionado principalmente a la seguridad turística y las motivaciones al momento de escoger destinos. En conclusión, el Covid-19 tuvo un impacto significativo en la demanda turística de la Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chimborazo, lo que se tradujo en una limitación en el desarrollo económico y social de los actores turísticos que trabajan dentro del área protegida.   Palabras clave: Impacto, pandemia, Covid-19, demanda, Chimborazo