The most attractive companies in the labour market based on culture place of origin

This paper analyses the differences in the attractiveness of companies according to their country of origin. The aim is to expand knowledge about which characteristics make organisations more attractive to workers based on their place of origin (Anglo-Saxon, Northern-Central European, Mediterranean, Asian regions). In addition, it is analysed if the COVID-19 has caused changes in the elements that make up the attractiveness.The sample comprises the ranking published by the journal Actualidad Económica about the most attractive companies to work for in Spain, during 2013-21. The variables used in the ranking are: Talent-Management, Remuneration, Work-Environment, CSR and Training. Other control variables like geocultural area are used. For this purpose, an econometric model of unbalanced panel data with random effects is proposed.Results show there are differences in the assessment of professional attractiveness according to the companies' place of origin and culture. Remuneration and permanence in the ranking are the only variables which are relevant regardless of the culture. Talent Management, Working Environment and Training, size, and stock price influence Western countries unequally. The opposite occurs for SCR, which only affects Asian companies. Also, COVID-19 has affected unequally the assessment of the attractiveness of companies

Determinantes del desarrollo de las MiPyMEs en localidades rurales del sur de Sonora, México

El emprendimiento ha resultado ser una estrategia para atender problemas globales, particularmente de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en México, lo que ha ayudado a solucionar problemas económicos y sociales a través de la generación de empleos y sus aportes al producto interno bruto. Sin embargo, estas empresas enfrentan problemas como liquidez limitada, falta de financiamiento, falta de redes de apoyo, así como dificultades para innovar. Además de estos factores, en las zonas rurales, las empresas enfrentan problemas de pobreza, migración y creciente demanda de multifuncionalidad, lo que obliga a considerar otros sectores además de la agricultura dentro de estos territorios. Por tanto, el objetivo central del estudio fue investigar desde una perspectiva teórica los factores que inciden en el desempeño organizacional de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del área rural del sur del estado de Sonora, México. Para lo anterior, se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva utilizando una técnica documental para identificar aquellas variables, sus dimensiones y sus relaciones que inciden en la creación, gestión y desarrollo de las empresas. Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró que el desempeño de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas generalmente se mide a través de las dimensiones operativa y financiera, además, se encontró que factores como la orientación emprendedora, el capital social y la innovación son elementos que impactan el desempeño

Factores que Inciden en el Desempeño Organizacional en Mipymes Rurales: Validez de Contenido y Confiabilidad de un Instrumento de Medición

Micro small and medium enterprises have a fundamental role in the economy, they favor the generation of resources and jobs, but they face challenges of survival and in rural areas limitations in the face of poverty, which is why it is essential to investigate the factors that allow improving the performance, some studies coincide in contemplating entrepreneurial orientation, knowledge management, social capital, and innovation as factors that affect performance, however, to assess the relationship between these variables an approved and safe instrument is required, Therefore, the objective of this project is to determine the validity and reliability of an instrument for measuring organizational performance and the variables mentioned in MSMEs in rural regions, which can provide a frame of reference for future research. The methodology used considers both the validation by specialists and the reliability review, through statistical analysis in SPSSv21, where the results show evidence to approve the instrument. The performance variable is measured by the financial and operational performance dimensions, the entrepreneurial orientation variable, through the proactivity and risk-taking dimensions, the knowledge management factor is valued through its process of acquiring and transferring knowledge, while the social capital variable with the cognitive, structural, trust and social ties dimensions, about innovation it is valued by the dimension of innovation in products, processes, marketing and administrative type.Las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas tienen un papel fundamental en la economía y favorecen la generación de recursos y empleos; pero se enfrentan a retos de sobrevivencia y en particular, en las áreas rurales, a limitaciones ante la pobreza. Por ello, es fundamental indagar sobre los factores que permiten mejorar el desempeño. Algunos estudios coinciden en contemplar a la orientación emprendedora, la gestión del conocimiento, el capital social y la innovación como aspectos que inciden en el desempeño. Sin embargo, para evaluar la relación entre estas variables, se requiere de un instrumento aprobado y seguro, por lo que el objetivo de este proyecto es determinar la validez y confiabilidad de un instrumento de medición del desempeño organizacional y de las variables mencionadas, en las MiPymes de regiones rurales, que pueda aportar un marco de referencia para futuras investigaciones. La metodología empleada considera tanto la validación por especialistas como la revisión de fiabilidad mediante un análisis estadístico en SPSS v 21, cuyos resultados muestran evidencia para aprobar el instrumento. La variable desempeño es medida por las dimensiones de desempeño financiero y operativo; la variable orientación emprendedora, mediante las dimensiones proactividad y toma de riesgo; el factor gestión del conocimiento se valora por medio de su proceso de adquirir y transferir conocimientos, en tanto que la variable capital social, con las dimensiones cognitiva, estructural, confianza y vínculos sociales. Por último, la innovación se valora por la dimensión de innovación en productos, procesos, marketing y de tipo administrativo

Función ovárica y respuesta a la sincronización del estro en ganado Criollo en México. Revisión

Nowadays, reproductive biotechnologies have made it possible to conserve and use animal genetic resources. One of these technologies is the estrus synchronization programs, which allow programming the time for mating according to the availability of fodder or the birth of calves for commercial purposes. Another application is the reduction of the calving- first ovulation interval through protocols that facilitate the use of artificial insemination. Creole cattle are a valuable genetic resource due to their hardiness and adaptability to difficult environmental conditions; they are resistant to parasites, take advantage of available forage resources and reproduce in systems with little or no supplementation. In Mexico, the first studies of synchronization of Creole cattle suggest that Creole cows do not respond adequately to hormonal protocols and gestation percentages lower than those obtained in other breeds are obtained. The foregoing gave rise to a series of studies on reproductive physiology and the use of biotechnologies in Creole cattle. The objective of this review is to collect existing information on the use of estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols in Creole cattle from Mexico; in order to be able to identify the lines of research necessary for the development of estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols suitable for Creole cattle.Hoy en día, las biotecnologías reproductivas han hecho posible conservar y aprovechar los recursos zoogenéticos. Una de estas tecnologías son los programas de sincronización de estros, mismos que permiten programar la época para el empadre acorde a la disponibilidad de forraje o el nacimiento de los becerros por fines comerciales. Otra aplicación es la reducción del intervalo parto primera ovulación, mediante protocolos que facilitan el uso de inseminación artificial. Los bovinos criollos son un recurso genético valioso, debido a su rusticidad y adaptabilidad a condiciones ambientales difíciles; son resistentes a parásitos, aprovechan los recursos forrajeros disponibles y se reproducen en sistemas con poca o nula suplementación. En México, los primeros estudios de sincronización de bovinos criollos sugieren que las vacas criollas no responden adecuadamente a los protocolos hormonales y se obtienen porcentajes de gestación inferiores a los obtenidos en otras razas. Lo anterior, dio origen a una serie de investigaciones en fisiología reproductiva y uso de biotecnologías en ganado criollo. El objetivo de esta revisión es recabar la información existente sobre el uso de protocolos de sincronización de estros y ovulación en bovinos criollos de México; con la finalidad de poder identificar las líneas de investigación necesarias para el desarrollo de protocolos de sincronización de estros y ovulación adecuados para el ganado criollo

Predictive modeling of poor outcome in severe COVID-19: A single-center observational study based on clinical, cytokine and laboratory profiles

Producción CientíficaPneumonia is the main cause of hospital admission in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to perform an extensive characterization of clinical, laboratory, and cytokine profiles in order to identify poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A prospective and consecutive study involving 108 COVID-19 patients was conducted between March and April 2020 at Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid (Spain). Plasma samples from each patient were collected after emergency room admission. Forty-five serum cytokines were measured in duplicate, and clinical data were analyzed using SPPS version 25.0. Results: A multivariate predictive model showed high hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plasma levels as the only cytokine related to intubation or death risk at hospital admission (OR = 7.38, 95%CI—(1.28–42.4), p = 0.025). There were no comorbidities included in the model except for the ABO blood group, in which the O blood group was associated with a 14-fold lower risk of a poor outcome. Other clinical variables were also included in the predictive model. The predictive model was internally validated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94, a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 95%. The use of a bootstrapping method confirmed these results. Conclusions: A simple, robust, and quick predictive model, based on the ABO blood group, four common laboratory values, and one specific cytokine (HGF), could be used in order to predict poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients.Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ( Proyecto COV20/00491)Consejeria de Educación de Castilla y León - (Proyecto VA256P20)Junta de Castilla y León y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (Proyecto EDU/1100/2017

Sex as a prognostic factor for mortality in critically ill adults with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective To assess the role of sex as an independent prognostic factor for mortality in patients with sepsis admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials. gov and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry from inception to 17 July 2020. Study selection Studies evaluating independent associations between sex and mortality in critically ill adults with sepsis controlling for at least one of five core covariate domains prespecified following a literature search and consensus among experts. Data extraction and synthesis Two authors independently extracted and assessed the risk of bias using Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling adjusted estimates. The Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence. Results From 14 304 records, 13 studies (80 520 participants) were included. Meta-analysis did not find sex-based differences in all-cause hospital mortality (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.32; very low-certainty evidence) and all-cause ICU mortality (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.78; very low-certainty evidence). However, females presented higher 28-day all-cause mortality (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.32; very low-certainty evidence) and lower 1-year all-cause mortality (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98; low-certainty evidence). There was a moderate risk of bias in the domain adjustment for other prognostic factors in six studies, and the certainty of evidence was further affected by inconsistency and imprecision. Conclusion The prognostic independent effect of sex on all-cause hospital mortality, 28-day all-cause mortality and all-cause ICU mortality for critically ill adults with sepsis was uncertain. Female sex may be associated with decreased 1-year all-cause mortality.post-print1281 K

HGF, IL-1α, and IL-27 Are Robust Biomarkers in Early Severity Stratification of COVID-19 Patients

Producción CientíficaPneumonia is the leading cause of hospital admission and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to identify the cytokines responsible for lung damage and mortality. We prospectively recruited 108 COVID-19 patients between March and April 2020 and divided them into four groups according to the severity of respiratory symptoms. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers were used for normalization of the results. Multiple cytokines showed statistically significant differences between mild and critical patients. High HGF levels were associated with the critical group (OR = 3.51; p < 0.001; 95%CI = 1.95–6.33). Moreover, high IL-1α (OR = 1.36; p = 0.01; 95%CI = 1.07–1.73) and low IL-27 (OR = 0.58; p < 0.005; 95%CI = 0.39–0.85) greatly increased the risk of ending up in the severe group. This model was especially sensitive in order to predict critical status (AUC = 0.794; specificity = 69.74%; sensitivity = 81.25%). Furthermore, high levels of HGF and IL-1α showed significant results in the survival analysis (p = 0.033 and p = 0.011, respectively). HGF, IL-1α, and IL 27 at hospital admission were strongly associated with severe/critical COVID-19 patients and therefore are excellent predictors of bad prognosis. HGF and IL-1α were also mortality biomarkers.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant COV20/00491

Evaluation of cytokines as robust diagnostic biomarkers for COVID-19 detection

Producción CientíficaAntigen tests or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are currently COVID-19 diagnostic tools. However, developing complementary diagnosis tools is mandatory. Thus, we performed a plasma cytokine array in COVID-19 patients to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers. A discovery–validation study in two independent prospective cohorts was performed. The discovery cohort included 136 COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients recruited consecutively from 24 March to 11 April 2020. Forty-five cytokines’ quantification by the MAGPIX system (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX, USA) was performed in plasma samples. The validation cohort included 117 patients recruited consecutively from 15 to 25 April 2020 for validating results by ELISA. COVID-19 patients showed different levels of multiple cytokines compared to non-COVID-19 patients. A single chemokine, IP-10, accurately identified COVID-19 patients who required hospital admission (AUC: 0.962; 95%CI (0.933–0.992); p < 0.001)). The results were validated in an independent cohort by multivariable analysis (OR: 25.573; 95%CI (8.127–80.469); p < 0.001) and AUROC (AUC: 0.900; 95%CI (0.846–0.954); p < 0.001). Moreover, showing IP-10 plasma levels over 173.35 pg/mL identified COVID-19 with higher sensitivity (86.20%) than the first SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Our discover–validation study identified IP-10 as a robust biomarker in clinical practice for COVID-19 diagnosis at hospital. Therefore, IP-10 could be used as a complementary tool in clinical practice, especially in emergency departments.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant COV20/00491)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (grant CSIC-COV19-016/202020E155)Junta de Castilla y León (project COVID 07.04.467B04.74011.0)IBGM excellence programme (grant CLU-2029-02

Values and the formation of a culture of national defense dental stu-dents

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de los valores en la formación de una cultura de defensa nacional en estudiantes de Odontología. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo explicativo, cuantitativo, transversal; constituido por una muestra probabi-lística (selección aleatoria simple) de 192 estudiantes de Odontología que cursaban el semestre 2015-2, se distribuyó según años de estudios: primero (n=42), segundo (n=44), tercero (n=33), cuarto (n=39) y quinto (n =34). Se aplicó el cuestionario de la versión reducida de la Escala de Valores de Schwartz (PVQ-21) para medir la variable valores y el cuestionario validado por Suárez, DG y Montano, YM (basado en la Escala NATID y estudios de César Cobos Ruiz) para medir la variable formación de una cultura de defensa nacional. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi cuadrado, coeficiente de Spearman, frecuencias y promedios. Resultados: Se encontró un coeficiente de confiabilidad de 0.807 para el instrumento de valores y 0.904 para el de defensa nacional, la variable valores presenta un nivel predominantemente medio y la variable formación de una cultura de defensa nacional es alto, la prueba chi cuadrado es significativa (9.49) y el Rho de Spearman es mediana (0.546) para las variables en estudio. Conclusiones: Existe relación e influencia significativa entre los valores y la formación de una cultura de defensa nacional.Objetive: Determine the influence of values in the formation of a national defense culture in dental students. Materials and method: an explanatory observational, descriptive study, quantitative, cross, consisting of a random sample (simple random selection) of 192 dental students who were studying the semester 2015-2, was distributed by years of studies was conducted first (n = 42), second (n =44), third (n = 33), fourth (n = 39) and fifth (n = 34). The questionnaire reduced Values Scale Schwartz (PVQ-21) for measuring the variable values and questionnaire validated by Suarez, DG and Montano, YM (based on NATID Scale and studies Cesar Cobos Ruiz) version was applied variable measuring the formation of a culture of National Defense. For statistical analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used, Chi square, Spearman coefficient, frequencies and averages. Results: A reliability coefficient of 0.807 for the instrument securities and 0.904 for national defense was found, the variable values presents a predomi-nantly middle and training variable a culture of national defense is high, the chisquare test is significant (50.229) and Spearman Rho is medium (0.546) for the variables under study. Conclusions: There is significant relationship and influence between values and the formation of a culture of national defense

Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio for the Assessment of Intermediate Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: Correlations With Fractional Flow Reserve/Intravascular Ultrasound and Prognostic Implications: The iLITRO-EPIC07 Study

Background: There is little information available on agreement between fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) in left main coronary artery (LMCA) intermediate stenosis. Besides, several meta-analyses support the use of FFR to guide LMCA revascularization, but limited information is available on iFR in this setting. Our aims were to establish the concordance between FFR and iFR in intermediate LMCA lesions, to evaluate with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in cases of FFR/iFR discordance, and to prospectively validate the safety of deferring revascularization based on a hybrid decision-making strategy combining iFR and IVUS. Methods: Prospective, observational, multicenter registry with 300 consecutive patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis who underwent FFR and iFR and, in case of discordance, IVUS and minimal lumen area measurements. Primary clinical end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, LMCA lesion-related nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned LMCA revascularization. Results: FFR and iFR had an agreement of 80% (both positive in 67 and both negative in 167 patients); in case of disagreement (31 FFR+/iFR- and 29 FFR-/iFR+) minimal lumen area was & GE;6 mm(2) in 8.7% of patients with FFR+ and 14.6% with iFR+. Among the 300 patients, 105 (35%) underwent revascularization and 181 (60%) were deferred according to iFR and IVUS. At a median follow-up of 20 months, major adverse cardiac events incidence was 8.3% in the defer group and 13.3% in the revascularization group (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI 0.30-1.72]; P=0.45). Conclusions: In patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis, a physiology-guided treatment decision is feasible either with FFR or iFR with moderate concordance between both indices. In case of disagreement, the use of IVUS may be useful to indicate revascularization. Deferral of revascularization based on iFR appears to be safe in terms of major adverse cardiac events