Targeting the live market: recovery of Norway lobsters Nephrops norvegicus (L.) from trawl-capture as assessed by stress-related parameters and nucleotide breakdown

The recovery potential of Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus) held in on-board seawater tanks after trawl-capture was assessed at two different times of the year (winter and summer). Survival recorded 24 h after trawl-capture was 84.83 ± 0.93% in the winter compared to 75.35 ± 2.92% in the summer. Stress-related parameters in the muscle (arginine phosphate, glycogen and L-lactate) and in the haemolymph (L-lactate) were measured, together with nucleotide breakdown products in the muscle (yielding the “Adenylate Energy Charge” or AEC ratio). All parameters analysed were responsive to the stress of the trawl-capture and subsequently recovered towards resting values, but did so at different rates. The fact that some measures recovered at a faster rate than others should be taken into account when trying to develop an index of metabolic stress for this species. Animals trawled in the winter recovered to AEC values above 0.8 within 4 h of placing them in on-board seawater tanks, whereas animals trawled in the summer took 24 h to reach these values. Furthermore, at the end of the trials animals trawled in the summer presented significantly higher haemolymph L-lactate and lower muscle glycogen reserves than the animals trawled in the winter, suggesting a faster recovery in the winter compared to the summer. Finally, animals in the winter were better able to endure further stresses (an emersion of 1 h while animals were transported to the commercial handling facilities). Therefore, as a code of practice it is advised that trawled N. norvegicus directed to the live trade should be allowed to recover for at least 4–6 h in on-board tanks, and extra care should be taken especially in the summer, if further stresses such as additional emersion are to be applied within the first 24 h after capture

The influence of defined ante-mortem stressors on the early post-mortem biochemical processes in the abdominal muscle of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758)

The effects of four different ante-mortem stressors (exercise, emersion, starvation and a patent infection with the parasite Hematodinium sp.) on post-mortem processes have been investigated in the abdominal muscle of Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus by measuring changes in the pH, the levels of glycogen, l-lactate, arginine phosphate, ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, HxR, Hx and the adenylate energy charge (AEC) over a time course of 24 h with samples being taken at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. The acute stresses of intense exercise and 2 h emersion resulted in a premature onset of anaerobic glycolysis, leading both to an enhanced glycogen depletion rate and an early accumulation of l-lactate. The chronic stressors, starvation and parasite infection, resulted in a complete ante-mortem depletion of muscle glycogen and consequently the failure of post-mortem glycolytic fermentation. Post-mortem pH and ATP inter-conversion were significantly altered in chronically stressed animals. Ante-mortem, a rapid, almost complete depletion of arginine phosphate was observed in all stress groups. The AEC was altered significantly by all stresses, indicating a strong energy demand. The findings suggest that ante-mortem stressors strongly influence the post-mortem biochemical processes. The laboratory-based results are compared to 'field' data and effects on post-harvest product quality are discussed

Bioluminescence for determining energy state of plants

Bioluminescence produced by the luciferin-luciferase system is a very sensitive assay for ATP content in extracts of plant materials. The ATP test for seed and pollen viability and vigor is presented, along with prediction of high growth potential and productivity in new crosses and selections of breeding materials. ATP as an indicator for environmental quality, stresses, and metabolic regulation is also considered

Potensi Energi Seluler Benih Ikan Lele, Clarias Batrachus L. Pada Berbagai Tingkat Pemberian Pakan Dan Suhu Media

Potensi energi seluler yang tersedia untuk metabolisme dalam suatu organisme dapat diukur dari muatan energi adenilat (MEA) yang dihitung dari konsentrasi ATP, ADP dan AMP-nya. Tinggi-rendahnya nilai MEA memiliki korelasi yang sangat penting untuk memantau proses pertumbuhan dari organisme hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman potensi energi seluler (MEA) pada benih ikan lele Clarias batrachus L., sebagai respons terhadap keragaman pemberian pakan berupa Daphnia (dengan tingkat pemberian 0,0; 33,3; 66,7 dan 100% dari kebutuhan pakan harian maksimalnya); masing-masing pada suhu kamar, 20, 24, 28 dan 32oC selama 16 hari. ATP, ADP dan AMP dari masing-masing kelompok perlakuan diekstrasi dan dianalisis dengan metode yang dikembangkan oleh Ivanovicy (1981). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pemberian pakan disertai dengan peningkatan MEA yang merupakan cerminan potensi energi seluler, dan nilai MEA cenderung menurun dengan meningkatnya suhu. Benih ikan lele dalam kondisi defisiensi nutrisional dengan pertumbuhan negatif mempunyai nilai rata-rata MEA antara 0,47 sampai 0,58, sedangkan benih ikan lele dengan pertumbuhan positif mempunyai nilai rata-rata MEA di atas 0,78

Changes in Adenylate Nucleotides Concentration and Na+, K+-ATPase Activities in Erythrocytes of Horses in Function of Breed and Sex

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP (HPLC methods), total nucleotide pool (TAN), adenylate energy charge (AEC) and Na+, K+-ATPase erythrocytic activities (by Choi's method) of horses as a function of breed and sex. The studies were conducted on 54 horses (stallions and mares) of different constitution types: breathing constitution (Wielkopolska and Hanoverian breed) and digestive constitution (Ardenian breed). Horse erythrocytes, independently of examined breed, present low ATP concentration in comparison to other mammal species while retaining relatively high AEC. Erythrocytes of breathing constitution type horses appear to have a more intensive glucose metabolism and a more efficient energetic metabolism when compared to digestive constitution type horses. The conclusions may be proven by significantly higher ATP concentration, higher TAN and significantly higher AEC in breathing constitution type horses compared to the digestive constitution type. Sex does not significantly influence adenine nucleotides concentration in the erythrocytes of the examined horses, however, stallions have slightly higher values in comparison to mares. A positive correlation was found between Na+, K+, -ATPase activity, ATP, ADP and AMP concentration and TAN in Wielkopolska and Ardenian breeds, which was not confirmed for the Hanoverian breed

Mcmbrane Potential as a Coupling Agent for Photophosphorylation by Bacteriorhodopsin and ATP-ase Containing Artificial Membrane

The steady state kinetic and thermodynamic properties of a »minimal« photosynthetic system containing two different proton pumps in the planar artificial membrane have been considered. The light activated proton pump, modelled after bacteriorhodopsin (bR), and\u27 the ATP-using proton pump, modelled after Neurospora ATP-ase, were interacting only through the common photopotential developed by bR. In the stationary state of the illuminated coupled system the following properties were calculated by Hill\u27s diagram method: proton flux for each macromolecule, photopotential, total effective force, efficiency of free energy storage, efficiency of light free energy utilization, entropy production, and adenylate energy charge in the internal compartment