Exploring the Relationship of Ethical Leadership with Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

The impact of ethics on recent leadership practices has assumed a prominent role in both practical and theoretical discussions of organizational leadership successes and failures. A leader\u27s ability to affect followers\u27 attitudes and behaviors is important in this pursuit because it can result in greater job performance (Tanner, Brugger, Van Schie, & Lebherz, 2010). Ethical leadership may provide an effective approach for fostering positive employee outlooks and actions. Employees respond positively to the ethical leader\u27s principled leadership, altruism, empowerment, and reward systems, suggesting that improved employee attitudes and work-related behaviors may follow (Brown & Trevino, 2006). Three established measures of attitudes and behaviors are employee job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. The following research study examined the potential of ethical leadership to foster higher levels of these outcomes and found that employees led by highly ethical leaders reported greater job satisfaction and organizational commitment than did employees led by less ethical leaders. No significant difference was reported among employees regarding the impact of ethical leadership on their level of organizational citizenship behavior. These findings suggest both theoretical and practitioner level insights

Evidence of an Internal Dissipation Origin for the High-energy Prompt Emission of GRB 170214A

The origin of the prompt high-energy ($>100$MeV) emission of Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs), detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, is still under debate, for which both the external shock origin and internal dissipation origin have been suggested. In the internal dissipation scenario, the high energy emission is expected to exhibit significant temporal variability, tracking the keV/MeV fast variable behavior. Here, we report a detailed analysis on the Fermi data of GRB~170214A, which is sufficiently bright in the high energy to enable a quantitative analysis of the correlation between high-energy emission and keV/MeV emission with high statistics. Our result shows a clear temporal correlation between high-energy and keV/MeV emission in the whole prompt emission phase as well as in two decomposed short time intervals. Such correlation behavior is also found in some other bright LAT GRBs, i.e., GRB 080916C, 090902B and 090926A. For these GRBs as well as GRB 090510, we also find the rapid temporal variability in the high-energy emission. We thus conclude that the prompt high-energy emission in these bright LAT GRBs should be due to internal origin.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

An Examination of Followership Traits in Iranian Small Firm Performance

The purpose of this quantitative research was to determine if there is a significant relationship between followership roles in relation to levels of organization performance by using followership traits. Surveys were completed by 208 employees from different kind of organization, which included the completion of the related questionnaire designed with four parts. First part is related to organization performance, second part is about followership specific roles, third part is about holistic personality type and the last part related to the power of followership. This research provided findings indicating that a significant positive relationship exists between followership roles and the organization performance. Of specific interest is the effect witnessed between the followership role and followership traits with higher reported levels of organization performance.By knowledge of dispersal of data which is gathered from questionnaire it is possible to analysis the data with correlations and multiple regression method.Based on the current study's findings, organizational structures that are designed to enhance followership, especially as it relates to helping followers achieve exemplary status, might be expected to promote higher levels of organization performance. Suggestions concerning further research on the subject of followership are offered

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Television as a Method for Watershed Education

We describe a program that evolved from Cooperative Extension educators\u27 concern about declining attendance at face-to-face workshops on environmental issues. As a result, we developed an education program comprising six television programs; a radio series; Web-based materials; and information supplied to libraries. We randomly selected individuals to complete a written survey assessing their environmental knowledge and commitment pre- and post-broadcast. Our analyses indicate that watching the television programs did not predict significant changes in environmental knowledge or commitment. Our study findings do not strongly support the effectiveness of using local public television as an environmental education tool

The power of outliers (and why researchers should ALWAYS check for them)

There has been much debate in the literature regarding what to do with extreme or influential data points. The goal of this paper is to summarize the various potential causes of extreme scores in a data set (e.g., data recording or entry errors, motivated mis-reporting, sampling errors, and legitimate sampling), how to detect them, and whether they should be removed or not. Another goal of this paper was to explore how significantly a small proportion of outliers can affect even simple analyses. The examples show a strong beneficial effect of removal of extreme scores. Accuracy tended to increase significantly and substantially, and errors of inference tended to drop significantly and substantially once extreme scores were removed

Can Good Come From Bad? An Examination of Adversarial Growth in Division I NCAA Athletes

The purpose of this study was to examine adversarial growth in a sample of Division I NCAA athletes. Male and female athletes (n = 214) from three universities completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory from the perspective of an adversity experienced as a college athlete. The athletes reported positive change at low to moderate levels resulting from their most difficult adversity, and indicated the most improvement in personal strength. Female athletes reported greater spiritual growth, as well as more of a change in their ability to relate to others than their male counterparts. Of the three types of adversities analyzed (i.e., time demands, injury, and the mental and physical stress of sport), athletes who reported time demands as their most difficult adversity exhibited more appreciation for life than athletes who cited the mental and physical stress of sport. These findings are consistent with studies of growth in college student nonathletes (e.g., Anderson & Lopez-Baez, 2008; 2011), and support the notion that college is a pivotal time for personal development (Chickering & Reisser, 1993). Practitioners are advised to consider the potential for adversarial growth in the athletes with whom they work so that they may be able to recognize and facilitate the growth process

Convergent and discriminant validity of time attitude scores on the adolescent time perspective inventory

"In this study, we report on the validity of time attitude scores on the Adolescent Time Perspective Inventory-Time Attitudes (ATPI-TA; Mello/ Worrell 2007) Scales. The ATPI-TA has six subscales: Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Positive, Present Negative, Future Positive, and Future Negative. Participants consisted of 300 adolescents from rural, urban, and suburban schools and a range of socioeconomic backgrounds. All time attitude subscales were interrelated, with correlations in the appropriate directions and the largest correlations occurring within the same time period. Convergent validity analyses indicated that time attitude scores had statistically significant correlations (medium to large effect sizes) with measures of hope, perceived life chances, optimism, perceived stress, and self-esteem. Moreover, the pattern of correlations was in keeping with theory (e.g., perceived life chances had stronger correlations with future attitude scales whereas perceived stress had stronger correlations with present attitude scales). Discriminant validity analyses indicated that time attitudes were not meaningfully related to age, GPA, school belonging, and academic self concept." (author's abstract

Interpersonal Aspects Of Justice In Relationships Between Consumers And Service Providers: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

There is a controversy in the justice literature as to whether interpersonal aspects of justice are best represented as one construct (interactional justice) or two (interpersonal justice and informational justice). Using confirmatory factor analysis, we tested competing models of these constructs on a sample of healthcare consumers (n = 1919) with respect to their justice judgments of primary care physicians. We found that the single factor model (interactional justice) represented a better fit to the data. Our results do not necessarily contradict those of prior studies that have found a better fit for a bi-dimensional model in organizational settings, however. Instead, we are suggesting a contingency approach: the results may be due in part to the halo effect, which may manifest itself where consumers are unfamiliar with the service provider and with the complexities of that person’s role