The role of advanced waste-To-energy technologies in landfill mining

Publicado en: WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Volume 224, Issue 1, 20 September 2017, Pages 403-409Recently, the European Parliament has decided to include a specific reference to "Enhanced Landfill Mining" (ELFM) in the Landfill Directive proposing a regulatory framework for ELFM so as to permit the retrieval of secondary raw materials that are present in existing landfill sites. Recent studies are supporting ELFM since they consider that landfill mining would be economically feasible only if combined with energy recovery (i.e., waste-To-energy, WtE) and if a wide range of materials are recovered (i.e., waste-To-materials, WtM). In this study, a combined material (landfill mining) and energy (advanced WtE) recovery is proposed where the excavated waste (MSW refuse) can be directly recycled or pretreated and used in the production of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for an advanced (gasification-based) WtE plant producing power and heat. Both material and energy recovery are challenging in the circular economy since contributes to a loop-closing objective in human activities. An exhaustive assessment of each particular landfill site must be carried out in order to determine the profitability of the ELFM.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ENE2012-31598Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades CTM2016-78089-RUniversidad de Sevilla Contrato de Acceso al Sistema Español de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (VPPI-US

Waste to Energy and Syngas

Getting energy from waste is one of the best alternatives for sustainable handling of waste. Mass burning is generally the preferred option. Usually, this applies to large facilities where more than 500 tons of waste per day are treated. Syngas production from waste has also been tried with mixed success. This chapter reviews the situation in this field and proposes an alternative based on co-combustion with coal as a possible route, applied preferably to treat municipal solid waste (MSW) and biosolids from small- or medium-sized municipalities, producing less than 200 tons of waste per day, with the aim of generating electric energy. For this, a theoretical model is proposed and applied to a specific case

Camargo Waste to Energy Power Plant

poster abstractThe Camargo Waste to Energy Power plant project is being proposed to dispose of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) produced in Mexico. Currently, most urban Municipal Solid Wastes in Mexico are discarded in landfills. The Camargo Waste to Energy (WTE) power station is an opportunity to continue a green path of human ingenuity and technical advancement. The goal of this plant is to achieve a solution that can efficiently deal with the substantial percentages of solid waste, while also creating energy. The facility will be designed to handle 600 pound per hour of MSW collected from Camargo, Monterrey, and other Mexican municipalities. This facility has additional recycling capability by separating glass, ferrous, and non-ferrous metals from raw MSW feedstock. The pyrolytic thermal conversion (PTC) process uses pyrolysis technology to convert organic-based wastes into valuable products like pyro-gas, pyro-oil, and char. Over 99 percent of waste processed by PTC will convert to energy and other saleable and usable products. This facility provides a nearly zero-landfill carbon neutral solution to the waste management field

Ballance of waste to energy process

Diplomová práce se zabývá různými postupy vyhodnocení výhřevnosti tuhého komunálního odpadu jako hlavního parametru pro výpočet efektivity spalovacího procesu. Je provedena úprava obecného vztahu pro výpočet výhřevnosti dle metodiky BREF/BAT na reálný provoz a následné vyhodnocení výhřevnosti z měřených dat. Další část práce je věnována stanovení termické účinnosti spalovenského kotle přímou metodou, nepřímou metodou a nepřímou „modifikovanou“ metodou a jejich statistické zpracování. Je provedena analýza podstatných veličin vstupujících do výpočtu účinnosti a stanovení možné chyby v měření těchto hlavních parametrů.This diploma thesis considers different attitudes to evaluation of lower heating value of municipal solid waste as a main parameter of calculation of effectiveness incineration process. Modification of general relation is done to calculate lower heating value by using methodology BREF/BAT for real plant. The next step is evaluation of lower heating value within measured data. Following part of this thesis is focused on establishing thermal efficiency of incineration boiler by using direct, indirect and “modified” indirect methods and statistical analyses of them. Analysis of important quantities, which enters the calculation of thermal efficiency, is realized. The establishment of measurement error in measuring these main parameters is done as well.

WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT DI SEMARANG

Meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk di kota-kota besar menimbulkan permasalahan sampah. Masalah ini merupakan masalah sehari-hari masyarakat kota, yang dapat ditimbulkan karena gaya hidup masyarakat yang masih kurang terbina dengan baik. Kondisi ini diperparah oleh adanya paradigma bahwa sampah merupakan sesuatu yang harus segera dibuang atau disingkirkan. Ini menyebabkan kegiatan pengelolaan sampah hanya dilakukan sebagai rutinitas melalui pemindahan, pembuangan dan pemusnahan sampah. Beberapa negara-negara lain, seperti di China, Singapura, Jepang, Amerika, Australia, dsb, mengolah sampah di Negara mereka menjadi energy dengan bantuan incinerator. Pembakaran sampah dengan incinerator diolah menjadi energy, dan abu pembakaran dapat digunakan sebagai bahan material bangunan atau jalan. Sehingga permasalahan sampah di negara-negara tersebut berkurang dan lebih tertib. Dan juga memanfaatkan kemampuan arsitektur untuk memperbaiki citra sekaligus mengubah persepsi masyarakat terhadap tempat pengolahan limbah tersebut. Di Semarang saat ini menghasilkan sampah +1000 ton/day. Sampah terdiri dari 60% sampah organic dan 40% sampah anorganik. Pengolahan sampah berada di TPA Jatibarang, dengan kurang lebih 350 ton diolah oleh perusahaan pengomposan di dalam area TPA. Sisa sampah lainnya belum diolah, masih ditimbun dan diratakan dengan tanah di TPA tersebut. Dan baru 85% sampah terangkut ke TPA. Keadaan TPA juga sudah tidak memenuhi sebagai landfill untuk sampah, sehingga direncanakan adanya penambahan lahan baru untuk TPA kota Semarang. Dalam hal ini, penyelesaian masalah sampah membutuhkan adanya kerja sama yang baik antara semua pihak yang terkait. Paradigma pengelolaan sampah juga harus didasarkan pada konsep pengelolaan sampah yang mendukung prinsip-prinsip pembangunan yang berkelanjutan dan berwawasan lingkungan. Sehingga dengan adanya paparan diatas, dapat diadakan pengelolaan sampah menjadi energy listrik (waste to energy plant) di Semarang, yang merupakan salah satu kota besar di Indonesia dengan adanya masalah sampah tersebut. Dapat disebut sebagai PLTSa (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah). Pengolahan sampah dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber listrik di Semarang dengan memanfaatkan sampah dari masyarakat setiap harinya dan dapat memberikan kontribusi ‘membersihkan’ Semarang dari sampah yang menimbun. Kata Kunci: Sampah, Incineration, Energy, Pengolaha

Advanced Waste-to-energy Steam Cycles

AbstractThis paper focuses on possibilities to maximize waste conversion through integration of a Waste-To-Energy (WTE) plant with a gas turbine (GT). In particular, this study investigates the feasibility of utilizing the hot gases leaving the GT mainly to superheat the steam leaving the WTE steam generator. A parametric investigation on the steam production is carried out and the optimum plant match condition in terms of plants capacity ratio is identified and discussed. Detailed modifications to a typical WTE cycle arrangement are presented, in order to evaluate the resulting performance enhancement. Numerical results of a conventional reference WTE plant repowering with different GT commercial units are shown and discussed. Performance indexes, specifically introduced in order to assess the proposed integrated configuration and to allocate power output to each input fuel are illustrated and applied on the considered plant. Results of the study suggest possibilities to create new advanced WTE-GT integrated power plants or to repower existing WTE plants, in order to increase waste to energy conversion

Wellspring Waste to Energy Feasibility Study

This study was conducted by the University of Massachusetts Amherst public policy masters students for Springfield based Wellspring Cooperative, a nonprofit focused on cooperative job creation and training. The project assesses three potential scale options for Wellspring in order to use organic material to heat and/or generate electricity to power its hydroponic greenhouse. Though the greenhouse is not constructed as of yet, its source of energy is an important element for Wellspring. Motivations for utilizing organic waste to power the greenhouse are due in part to the influx of food waste sources being diverted due to the new Massachusetts Food Waste Ban. Indeed, new Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) restrictions on commercial food waste entering into landfills (CMR 310 19.017(3)) has created a conducive environment for composting and associated organic waste processing technology growth. Moreover, the commercial organic waste ban was a catalyst for Wellspring to contact the Center for Public Policy and Administration to determine what types of waste to energy technology could be incorporated to power their greenhouse and subsequent associated job growth. In assessing potential energy generation sources, we researched the technological aspects for a compost-to-heat system, a small scale anaerobic digester, and a large scale anaerobic digester. We then evaluated the relevant financial and implementation factors involved. we determined Wellspring\u27s goals of waste to energy generation should be framed through the context of a short term and long term lens. The recommended short term strategy is to utilize composting systems to heat the greenhouse and connect the greenhouse to the electrical grid. The recommended long term strategy includes partnering with the City of Springfield to develop an organic waste processing facility that would generate electricity from food, animal, and human waste and/or contract with the city as a food waste hauler. With these recommendations we believe that Wellspring will achieve its goals and lead the way in sustainable energy generation

Waste-to-energy supply chain management on circular economy capability: An empirical study

The circular economy initiative has driven the agriculture and agro-based industry to compost production waste into clean energy. However, the company ability to turn waste into energy requires well-managed energy supply chain systems. The challenges to produce clean energy through the biorefinery process in the Waste-to-Energy (WTE) supply chain led to less capable companies implementing the circular economy. This study aims to develop the theoretical-mediating of the WTE supply chain that examine the life cycle assessment (LCA), economic potential cycle (EPC) and value chain analysis (VCA) as enablers of circular economy capability (CEC). To investigate the current WTE supply chain management practices on agriculture and agro-based industry in Malaysia, this study has collected survey data from the companies that turn waste products into bio-energy and actively practices sustainable waste management. This study found that the enablers have a significant and positive impact on WTC supply chain practices and CEC. The results indicate that WTC supply chain practices have mediated the direct path from LCA and CEC. Our findings have extended the CEC's theoretical-mediating impact to explain how the agricultural and agro-based industries transform waste into clean energy. We suggest that the agro-based industry monitor the WTE practice consistently and strategically explore the opportunity to obtain benefits from clean energy while protecting the environment. Therefore, the abundant agricultural biomass waste in the developing countries should be converted into clean energy and support the business operations while also generating new income strategically

Investigation into high-temperature corrosion in a large-scale municipal waste-to-energy plant

High-temperature corrosion in the superheater of a large-scale waste-to-energy plant was investigated. A comparison of nickel-/iron-based alloys and austenitic stainless steel probes placed in the furnace demonstrated that temperature and particle deposition greatly influence corrosion. Nickel-based alloys performed better than the other metal alloys, though an aluminide coating further increased their corrosion resistance. Sacrificial baffles provided additional room for deposit accumulation, resulting in vigorous deposit-induced corrosion. Computational modelling (FLUENT code) was used to simulate flow characteristics and heat transfer. This study has shown that the use of aluminide coatings is a promising technique for minimising superheater corrosion in such facilities. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Waste-to-Energy and effective energy utilization

Diplomová práce se zabývá zvýšením využití energie při spalování odpadů. Úvodní část se zabývá představením konkrétního zařízení pro energetické využití odpadů a jeho kogenerační výroby. Dále je zde popsán výpočtový nástroj a princip jeho funkce. Hlavní část práce se věnuje popisu testování výpočtového nástroje a shrnutí dosažených výsledků.The diploma thesis deals with an increasing of utilization of energy during a combustion of waste. The introductory part deals with a presentation of the specific waste to energy unit and its combined heat and power production. In the next part is described a computing tool and the principle of its function. The main part od the thesis deals with a description of cumputing tool testing and with a summary of achieved results.