Autonomous aircraft initiative study

The results of a consulting effort to aid NASA Ames-Dryden in defining a new initiative in aircraft automation are described. The initiative described is a multi-year, multi-center technology development and flight demonstration program. The initiative features the further development of technologies in aircraft automation already being pursued at multiple NASA centers and Department of Defense (DoD) research and Development (R and D) facilities. The proposed initiative involves the development of technologies in intelligent systems, guidance, control, software development, airborne computing, navigation, communications, sensors, unmanned vehicles, and air traffic control. It involves the integration and implementation of these technologies to the extent necessary to conduct selected and incremental flight demonstrations

Advanced Mission Management System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The paper presents advanced mission management system (MMS) for unmanned aerial vehicles, based on integrated modular avionics (IMA) architecture. IMA architecture enables the MMS to host high end functions for autonomous navigation and attack. MMS is a collection of systems to execute the mission objectives. The system constitutes mission computer (MC), sensors and other sub-systems. The MMS-MC needs to execute advanced algorithms like terrain referenced navigation, vision-aided navigation, automatic target recognition, sensor fusion, online path planning, and tactical planning for autonomy and safety. This demands high-end architecture in terms of hardware, software, and communication. The MMS-MC is designed to exploit the benefits of IMA concepts such as open system architecture, hardware and software architecture catering for portability, technology transparency, scalability, system reconfigurability and fault tolerance. This paper investigates on advanced navigation methods for augmenting INS with terrain-referenced navigation and vision-aided navigation during GPS non-availability. This paper also includes approach to implement these methods and simulation results are provided accordingly, and also discusses in a limited way, the approach for implementing online path planning.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 5, September 2014, pp.438-444, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.599

Aerial Vehicles

This book contains 35 chapters written by experts in developing techniques for making aerial vehicles more intelligent, more reliable, more flexible in use, and safer in operation.It will also serve as an inspiration for further improvement of the design and application of aeral vehicles. The advanced techniques and research described here may also be applicable to other high-tech areas such as robotics, avionics, vetronics, and space

Teleoperated visual inspection and surveillance with unmanned ground and aerial vehicles,” Int

Abstract—This paper introduces our robotic system named UGAV (Unmanned Ground-Air Vehicle) consisting of two semi-autonomous robot platforms, an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The paper focuses on three topics of the inspection with the combined UGV and UAV: (A) teleoperated control by means of cell or smart phones with a new concept of automatic configuration of the smart phone based on a RKI-XML description of the vehicles control capabilities, (B) the camera and vision system with the focus to real time feature extraction e.g. for the tracking of the UAV and (C) the architecture and hardware of the UAV

Study of artificial intelligence and computer vision methods for tracking transmission lines with the AID of UAVs

Currently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been used in the most diverse applications in both the civil and military sectors. In the civil sector, aerial inspection services have been gaining a lot of attention, especially in the case of inspections of high voltage electrical systems transmission lines. This type of inspection involves a helicopter carrying three or more people (technicians, pilot, etc.) flying over the transmission line along its entire length which is a dangerous service especially due to the proximity of the transmission line and possible environmental conditions (wind gusts, for example). In this context, the use of UAVs has shown considerable interest due to their low cost and safety for transmission line inspection technicians. This work presents research results related to the application of UAVs for transmission lines inspection, autonomously, allowing the identification of invasions of the transmission line area as well as possible defects in components (cables, insulators, connection, etc.) through the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for fault detection and identification. This thesis proposes the development of an autonomous system to track power transmission lines using UAVs efficiently and with low implementation and operation costs, based exclusively on rea-time image processing that identifies the structure of the towers and transmission lines durin the flight and controls the aircraft´s movements, guiding it along the closest possible path. A sumary of the work developed will be presented in the next sections.Atualmente, os Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados – VANTs têm sido utilizados nas mais diversas aplicações tanto no setor civil quanto militar. No setor civil, os serviços de inspeção aérea vêm ganhando bastante atenção, principalmente no caso de inspeções de linhas de transmissão de sistemas elétricos de alta tensão. Este tipo de inspeção envolve um helicóptero transportando três ou mais pessoas (técnicos, pilotos, etc.) sobrevoando a linha de transmissão em toda a sua extensão, o que constitui um serviço perigoso principalmente pela proximidade da linha de transmissão e possíveis condições ambientais (rajadas de vento, por exemplo). Neste contexto, a utilização de VANTs tem demonstrado considerável interesse devido ao seu baixo custo e segurança para técnicos de inspeção de linhas de transmissão. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de pesquisas relacionadas à aplicação de VANTs para inspeção de linhas de transmissão, de forma autônoma, permitindo a identificação de invasões da área da linha de transmissão bem como possíveis defeitos em componentes (cabos, isoladores, conexões, etc.) através do uso de Convolucional. Redes Neurais - CNN para detecção e identificação de falhas. Esta tese propõe o desenvolvimento de um sistema autônomo para rastreamento de linhas de transmissão de energia utilizando VANTs de forma eficiente e com baixos custos de implantação e operação, baseado exclusivamente no processamento de imagens em tempo real que identifica a estrutura das torres e linhas de transmissão durante o voo e controla a velocidade da aeronave. movimentos, guiando-o pelo caminho mais próximo possível. Um resumo do trabalho desenvolvido será apresentado nas próximas seções

Remote Sensing methods for power line corridor surveys

AbstractTo secure uninterrupted distribution of electricity, effective monitoring and maintenance of power lines are needed. This literature review article aims to give a wide overview of the possibilities provided by modern remote sensing sensors in power line corridor surveys and to discuss the potential and limitations of different approaches. Monitoring of both power line components and vegetation around them is included. Remotely sensed data sources discussed in the review include synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, optical satellite and aerial images, thermal images, airborne laser scanner (ALS) data, land-based mobile mapping data, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data. The review shows that most previous studies have concentrated on the mapping and analysis of network components. In particular, automated extraction of power line conductors has achieved much attention, and promising results have been reported. For example, accuracy levels above 90% have been presented for the extraction of conductors from ALS data or aerial images. However, in many studies datasets have been small and numerical quality analyses have been omitted. Mapping of vegetation near power lines has been a less common research topic than mapping of the components, but several studies have also been carried out in this field, especially using optical aerial and satellite images. Based on the review we conclude that in future research more attention should be given to an integrated use of various data sources to benefit from the various techniques in an optimal way. Knowledge in related fields, such as vegetation monitoring from ALS, SAR and optical image data should be better exploited to develop useful monitoring approaches. Special attention should be given to rapidly developing remote sensing techniques such as UAVs and laser scanning from airborne and land-based platforms. To demonstrate and verify the capabilities of automated monitoring approaches, large tests in various environments and practical monitoring conditions are needed. These should include careful quality analyses and comparisons between different data sources, methods and individual algorithms

Vision-Aided Navigation for GPS-Denied Environments Using Landmark Feature Identification

In recent years, unmanned autonomous vehicles have been used in diverse applications because of their multifaceted capabilities. In most cases, the navigation systems for these vehicles are dependent on Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. Many applications of interest, however, entail operations in environments in which GPS is intermittent or completely denied. These applications include operations in complex urban or indoor environments as well as missions in adversarial environments where GPS might be denied using jamming technology. This thesis investigate the development of vision-aided navigation algorithms that utilize processed images from a monocular camera as an alternative to GPS. The vision-aided navigation approach explored in this thesis entails defining a set of inertial landmarks, the locations of which are known within the environment, and employing image processing algorithms to detect these landmarks in image frames collected from an onboard monocular camera. These vision-based landmark measurements effectively serve as surrogate GPS measurements that can be incorporated into a navigation filter. Several image processing algorithms were considered for landmark detection and this thesis focuses in particular on two approaches: the continuous adaptive mean shift (CAMSHIFT) algorithm and the adaptable compressive (ADCOM) tracking algorithm. These algorithms are discussed in detail and applied for the detection and tracking of landmarks in monocular camera images. Navigation filters are then designed that employ sensor fusion of accelerometer and rate gyro data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) with vision-based measurements of the centroids of one or more landmarks in the scene. These filters are tested in simulated navigation scenarios subject to varying levels of sensor and measurement noise and varying number of landmarks. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are provided regarding the implementation of this vision-aided navigation approach for autonomous vehicle navigation systems

VERTICAL REPLENISHMENT BY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES.

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Quadcopter)With Real-Time Object Tracking

In the previous decade, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have turned into a subject of enthusiasm for some exploration associations. UAVs are discovering applications in different regions going from military applications to activity reconnaissance. This thesis is an overview of a particular sort of UAV called quadrotor or quadcopter. Scientists are often picking quadrotors for their exploration because a quadrotor can precisely and productively perform assignments that future of high hazard for a human pilot to perform. This thesis includes the dynamic models of a quadrotor and model-autonomous control systems. It also explains the complete description of developed quadcopter used for surveillance purpose with real-time object detection. In the present time, the focus has moved to outlining autonomous quadrotors. Ultimately, it examines the potential applications of quadrotors and their part in multi-operators frameworks. The Unmanned aerial vehicle (Quadcopter) has been developed that could be used for search and surveillance purpose. This project comprised of both hardware and software part. The hardware part comprised of the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (Quadcopter). The main components that were used in this project are KK2 flight controller board, outrunner brushless DC motor, Electronic Speed Controllers (ESC), GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver, video transmitter and receiver, HD (High Definition) camera, RC (Radio Controlled) transmitter and receiver. Software part comprised of real-time object detection and tracking algorithm for detecting and tracking of human beings that were done with the help of Matlab software. After achieving the stable flight, the camera installed on the quadcopter would transmit a video signal to the receiver placed on the ground station. Video signal from the receiver would then be transferred to Matlab software for further processing or for tracking human beings using real-time object detection and tracking algorith