Applicability of risky decision-making theory to understand drivers' behaviour during transitions of control in vehicle automation

This work presents a consideration of the applicability of risky decision-making theory models as a tool to understand drivers’ take-over behaviour from vehicle automation, while also incorporating the “Out of the Loop” concept and the process of Situation Awareness Recovery. A methodological discussion is provided, and implications for the processes involved in system design developments are presented. Finally, the paper concludes that the process of evidence accumulation in risky decision-making theory models has strong parallels with the process of Situation Awareness recovery. We argue that evidence accumulation models can be used as a tool to understand what information is used by drivers for achieving safe transitions of control from automation so that this knowledge can be used for a better, and more human-centred design of future in-vehicle interfaces

Situation aware intrusion recovery policy in WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been gaining tremendous research attention the last few years as they support a broad range of applications in the context of the Internet of Things. WSN-driven applications greatly depend on the sensors’ observations to support decision-making and respond accordingly to reported critical events. In case of compromisation, it is vital to recover compromised WSN services and continue to operate as expected. To achieve an effective restoration of compromised WSN services, sensors should be equipped with the logic to take recovery decisions and self-heal. Self-healing is challenging as sensors should be aware of a variety of aspects in order to take effective decisions and maximize the recovery benefits. So far situation awareness has not been actively investigated in an intrusion recovery context. This research work formulates situation aware intrusion recovery policy design guidelines in order to drive the design of new intrusion recovery solutions that are operated by an adaptable policy. An adaptable intrusion recovery policy is presented taking into consideration the proposed design guidelines. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed policy can address advanced attack strategies and aid the sensors to recover the network’s operation under different attack situations and intrusion recovery requirements

Evaluation of Technology Concepts for Energy, Automation, and System State Awareness in Commercial Airline Flight Decks

A pilot-in-the-loop flight simulation study was conducted at NASA Langley Research Center to evaluate flight deck systems that (1) provide guidance for recovery from low energy states and stalls, (2) present the current state and expected future state of automated systems, and/or (3) show the state of flight-critical data systems in use by automated systems and primary flight instruments. The study was conducted using 13 commercial airline crews from multiple airlines, paired by airline to minimize procedural effects. Scenarios spanned a range of complex conditions and several emulated causal and contributing factors found in recent accidents involving loss of state awareness by pilots (e.g., energy state, automation state, and/or system state). Three new technology concepts were evaluated while used in concert with current state-of-the-art flight deck systems and indicators. The technologies include a stall recovery guidance algorithm and display concept, an enhanced airspeed control indicator that shows when automation is no longer actively controlling airspeed, and enhanced synoptic pages designed to work with simplified interactive electronic checklists. An additional synoptic was developed to provide the flight crew with information about the effects of loss of flight critical data. Data was collected via questionnaires administered at the completion of flight scenarios, audio/video recordings, flight data, head and eye tracking data, pilot control inputs, and researcher observations. This paper presents findings derived from the questionnaire responses and subjective data measures including workload, situation awareness, usability, and acceptability as well as analyses of two low-energy flight events that resulted in near-stall conditions

Role of Insurance in Post Disaster Recovery Planning in Business Community

The whole world is facing a substantial of natural disasters which brings severe damages throughout the world. Attention must be given to rehabilitate the business community that is affected by these disasters. However, improper planning for recovering damages in business community becomes a major issue when it obstructs the continuation and development of the business community. Therefore, required measures should be taken to avoid collapsing of development of the business community affected by disasters. In this context, insurance plays a vital role to reinstate the business while reducing the financial consequences of the disaster. This study investigates the role of insurance as a provision to recover the disastrous destruction of the business community in Sri Lanka. To achieve this, the survey method was used as the approach and semi structured interviews carried out within five experts from insurance sector and eight experts from the business community. Content analysis was used to analyze the collected data from the empirical study. The analysis of the findings based on two areas of insurers’ and insured’ perception of insurance. One of the major finding was that the insurance is not extended to any frequent disaster prone area of the country unless accepted by the insured with either higher premium amount or higher amount of deductible. As per the insurer’s side, some issues of the current practice are identified as less awareness, dishonesty and fraudulent practice of the insured which leads to less identification of the insurance as a risk management strategy within the business community. According to the insured, main purposes of obtaining insurance are quick recovery of business and to fulfil the borrowing requirements. Recommendations were developed as increase the awareness, educating and the government participation to increase the insurance penetration to the business community

The ergonomics of command and control

Since its inception, just after the Second World War, ergonomics research has paid special attention to the issues surrounding human control of systems. Command and Control environments continue to represent a challenging domain for Ergonomics research. We take a broad view of Command and Control research, to include C2 (Command and Control), C3 (Command, Control and Communication), and C4 (Command, Control, Communication and Computers) as well as human supervisory control paradigms. This special issue of ERGONOMICS aims to present state-of-the-art research into models of team performance, evaluation of novel interaction technologies, case studies, methodologies and theoretical review papers. We are pleased to present papers that detail research on these topics in domains as diverse as the emergency services (e.g., police, fire, and ambulance), civilian applications (e.g., air traffic control, rail networks, and nuclear power) and military applications (e.g., land, sea and air) of command and control. While the domains of application are very diverse, many of the challenges they face share interesting similarities

Policy into practice: Adoption of hazard mitigation measures by local government in Queensland:A collaborative research project between Queensland University of Technology and Emergency Management Queensland in association with Local Government of Queensland Disaster Management Alliance

The focus of the present research was to investigate how Local Governments in Queensland were progressing with the adoption of delineated DM policies and supporting guidelines. The study consulted Local Government representatives and hence, the results reflect their views on these issues. Is adoption occurring? To what degree? Are policies and guidelines being effectively implemented so that the objective of a safer, more resilient community is being achieved? If not, what are the current barriers to achieving this, and can recommendations be made to overcome these barriers? These questions defined the basis on which the present study was designed and the survey tools developed.\ud \ud While it was recognised that LGAQ and Emergency Management Queensland (EMQ) may have differing views on some reported issues, it was beyond the scope of the present study to canvass those views.\ud \ud The study resolved to document and analyse these questions under the broad themes of: \ud \ud • Building community capacity (notably via community awareness).\ud • Council operationalisation of DM. \ud • Regional partnerships (in mitigation/adaptation).\ud \ud Data was collected via a survey tool comprising two components: \ud \ud • An online questionnaire survey distributed via the LGAQ Disaster Management Alliance (hereafter referred to as the “Alliance”) to DM sections of all Queensland Local Government Councils; and\ud • a series of focus groups with selected Queensland Councils\u

Оценочный профиль системы управления отходами в Украине на основе фазовой модели развития

У роботі представлено теоретичне обґрунтування фазової моделі розвитку управління відходами. Досліджувана модель виведена на основі аналізу європейських систем управління відходами за допомогою 12 індикаторів, які характеризують економічний, соціальний, правовий та екологічний стан країни на кожній фазі розвитку системи. Мета статті полягає в проведенні оцінки системи управління відходами України на основі досліджуваної моделі, побудові оціночного профіля системи. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31508В работе представлено теоретическое обоснование фазовой модели развития управления отдохами. Исследуемая модель выведена на основе анализа европейских систем управления отходами с помощью 12 индикаторов, которые характеризуют экономическое, социальное, правовое и экологическое состояние страны на каждой фазе развития. Целью статьи является проведение оценки системы управления отходами Украины на основе исследуемой модели, построение оценочного профиля системы. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31508This paper presents a theoretical substantiation of the stage model of waste management development. These stages have been derived inductively from analysing different European waste management systems and can be supported by a system of indicators as well as a critical empiricalcontent-related analysis of waste management data from various European countries. Main aim of this research is to assess the waste management system in Ukraine based on the model under study, create an assessment profile. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3150

Continuity Culture: A Key Factor for Building Resilience and Sound Recovery Capabilities

This article investigates the extent to which Jordanian service organizations seek to establish continuity culture through testing, training, and updating of their business continuity plans. A survey strategy was adopted in this research. Primary and secondary data were used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with five senior managers from five large Jordanian service organizations registered with the Amman Stock Exchange. The selection of organizations was made on the basis of simple random sampling. Interviews targeted the headquarters only in order to obtain a homogenous sample. Three out of five organizations could be regarded as crisis prepared and have better chances for recovery. The other two organizations exhibited characteristics of standard practice that only emphasizes the recovery aspect of business continuity management (BCM), while paying less attention to establishing resilient cultures and embedding BCM. The findings reveal that the ability to recover following major incidents can be improved by embedding BCM in the culture of the organization and by making BCM an enterprise-wide process. This is one of few meticulous studies that have been undertaken in the Middle East and the first in Jordan to investigate the extent to which service organizations focus on embedding BCM in the organizational culture