16,539 research outputs found
Sons, apprentices and successors in late medieval and early modern London: the transmission of skills and work opportunities
Book synopsis: The existence and changing of generations in family life, business and politics was a central feature of towns as well as rural societies in earlier times. Even so, it remains understudied by urban historians of the pre-modern period. This book aims to fill some of this gap, containing twelve studies of generations in late medieval and early modern European towns, ranging from the Mediterranean to the Nordic countries, with a time-span from the fourteenth to the early nineteenth century. Dealing with topics like succession and inheritance, family consciousness, as well as relations and conflicts within and between generations, the articles demonstrate the importance and potential of generational studies on pre-modern towns. The book will appeal to anyone who takes an interest in urban social and cultural history, legal and family history in medieval and early modern times
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Linking early geospatial documents, one place at a time: annotation of geographic documents with Recogito
Recogito is an open source tool for the semi-automatic annotation of place references in maps and texts. It was developed as part of the Pelagios 3 research project, which aims to build up a comprehensive directory of places referred to in early maps and geographic writing predating the year 1492. Pelagios 3 focuses specifically on sources from the Classical Latin, Greek and Byzantine periods; on Mappae Mundi and narrative texts from the European Medieval period; on Late Medieval Portolans; and on maps and texts from the early Islamic and early Chinese traditions. Since the start of the project in September 2013, the team has harvested more than 120,000 toponyms, manually verifying almost 60,000 of them. Furthermore, the team held two public annotation workshops supported through the Open Humanities Awards 2014. In these workshops, a mixed audience of students and academics of different backgrounds used Recogito to add several thousand contributions on each workshop day.
A number of benefits arise out of this work: on the one hand, the digital identification of places â and the names used for them â makes the documents' contents amenable to information retrieval technology, i.e. documents become more easily search- and discoverable to users than through conventional metadata-based search alone. On the other hand, the documents are opened up to new forms of re-use. For example, it becomes possible to âmapâ and compare the narrative of texts, and the contents of maps with modern day tools like Web maps and GIS; or to analyze and contrast documentsâ geographic properties, toponymy and spatial relationships. Seen in a wider context, we argue that initiatives such as ours contribute to the growing ecosystem of the âGraph of Humanities Dataâ that is gathering pace in the Digital Humanities (linking data about people, places, events, canonical references, etc.), which has the potential to open up new avenues for computational and quantitative research in a variety of fields including History, Geography, Archaeology, Classics, Genealogy and Modern Languages
The Discourse of Fairyland in the Dream Vision of the Middle English Pearl
The Middle English poem Pearl is a mixture of a number of genres. Opening
like an elegy, with its initial stanzas heavily indebted to courtly love
poetry, it proceeds towards a dream vision that launches into a theological
debate concluded by an eschatological vision of the city of New Jerusalem.
Pearl is obviously a religious poem, but, as Ad Putter has observed, the
kind of religious and dreamscape imagery it contains, based on biblical
sources, may also have influenced the writers of medieval romances such
as Sir Orfeo or Thomas of Erceldoune in the construction of their secular
otherworlds (2007: 237â41). The two romances in question are tales of
fairy encounters, and the following article aims to identify major areas
of convergence with the genre of fairy romance in Pearl
Thinking territory historically.
BACKGROUND:
While the randomised controlled trial (RCT) is generally regarded as the design of
choice for assessing the effects of health care, within the social sciences there is
considerable debate about the relative suitability of RCTs and non-randomised
studies (NRSs) for evaluating public policy interventions.
// OBJECTIVES:
To determine whether RCTs lead to the same effect size and variance as NRSs of
similar policy interventions; and whether these findings can be explained by other
factors associated with the interventions or their evaluation.
// METHODS:
Analyses of methodological studies, empirical reviews, and individual health and
social services studies investigated the relationship between randomisation and
effect size of policy interventions by:
1) Comparing controlled trials that are identical in all respects other than the use of
randomisation by 'breaking' the randomisation in a trial to create non-randomised
trials (re-sampling studies).
2) Comparing randomised and non-randomised arms of controlled trials mounted
simultaneously in the field (replication studies).
3) Comparing similar controlled trials drawn from systematic reviews that include
both randomised and non-randomised studies (structured narrative reviews and
sensitivity analyses within meta-analyses).
4) Investigating associations between randomisation and effect size using a pool of
more diverse RCTs and NRSs within broadly similar areas (meta-epidemiology).
// RESULTS:
Prior methodological reviews and meta-analyses of existing reviews comparing
effects from RCTs and nRCTs suggested that effect sizes from RCTs and nRCTs
may indeed differ in some circumstances and that these differences may well be
associated with factors confounded with design.
Re-sampling studies offer no evidence that the absence of randomisation directly
influences the effect size of policy interventions in a systematic way. No consistent
explanations were found for randomisation being associated with changes in effect
sizes of policy interventions in field trials
Institute of Historical Research Newsletter, Spring Term 2006
The IHR produces a termly newsletter, which gives details of seminars and conferences and other historical news. This is the newsletter for the spring term 2006
The companies of "Meistergesang" in Germany
In a charter issued on 5 May 1513, the mayor and city council of the city of Freiburg/Breisgau reported that several citizens wanted to be allowed to establish a bruderschaft der sengerye, a confraternity of singing. âGod, the almighty, would be praised thereby, the souls would be consoled, and all men listening to the concerts would be kept from blasphemy, gaming and other secular vicesâ (âgott der allmechtig [wĂŒrde] dardurch gelopt, die selen getröst und die menschen zu zyten, so sy dem gesang zuhorten, von gotslesterung, ouch vom spyl vnd anderer weltlicher uppigkeyt gezogenâ). Considering not least the âpositive effects on the pour soulsâ (âguettaeten, so den armen selen dardurch nachgeschechen mochtâ), the request was allowed. But the petitioners had to establish their bruderschaft in exactly the form that is described in detail in the regulations (ordnung) added to the request and cited âword for wordâ (âvon wort zu wortâ) in 17 articles in the foundation charter of the confraternity
Comital Ireland, 1333â1534
The history of late-medieval Ireland is not exactly littered with dates that command general recognition, so it is surely suggestive that two which have achieved a degree of notoriety concern the fortunes, or rather misfortunes, of Irelandâs earls and earldoms: the murder of William Burgh, the âbrownâ earl of Ulster, in 1333; and the rebellion in 1534 of Thomas Fitzgerald (âSilken Thomasâ), soon-to-be tenth earl of Kildare. These are dates of demarcation. In the broadest terms, 1333 has been understood to mark the end of the expansion of royal power under the Plantagenets, 1534 the start of its vigorous reassertion under the Tudors. What occurred between these chronological bookends? For Goddard Orpen (d. 1932), writing in 1920 when the Anglo-Irish tradition he cherished seemed imperilled by the prospect of Irish secession from the United Kingdom, the murder of the earl of Ulster in 1333 was a moment of dark, almost metonymic, significance: âthe door was now closed on a century and a half of remarkable progress, vigour, and comparative order, and two centuries of retrogression, stagnation, and comparative anarchy were about to be ushered inâ
Strathconon, Scatwell and the Mackenzies in the Written Record c. 1463-c.1700
Although some writers have considered the earlier history of Ross, these studies tend to focus on dynastic and political events and not much is know about the internal workings of Ross-shire far less Strathconon in the historical record prior to the end of the fifteenth century.2 Strathconon, strategically situated in central Ross, was the key to the control of the earldom of Ross in that possession of these lands secured control of the few good access routes from coast to coast. The earldom of Ross and the possession thereof in turn was pivotal to the fortunes of the Macdonald Lords of the Isles in the fifteenth century who were fatally undermined by their loss of the area to the Stewart monarchy in 1475. This essay will consider the Strathconon and Scatwell area from the time of its earliest appearance in the historical record at the end of the fifteenth century (at much the same time as the Mackenzie clan themselves) and go on to concentrate on the area in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. An attempt will be made to pull together a variety of written sources in order to try to build up a picture of the area in this period inasmuch as the evidence will allow. These lands, Strathconon and Scatwell, which form the focus of this investigation, were a small part of a much wider (and expanding) estate that was controlled in this period, c.1463 to 1700 by the Mackenzies of Kintail / Seaforth
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