Efficiency evaluation of parallel interdependent processes systems: an application to Chinese 985 Project universities

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been widely applied in measuring the efficiency of homogeneous decision-making units. Network DEA, as an important branch of DEA, was built to examine the internal structure of a system, whereas traditional DEA models regard a system as a ‘black box’. However, only a few previous studies on parallel systems have considered the interdependent relationship between system components. In recent years, parallel interdependent processes systems commonly exist in production systems because of serious competition among organisations. Thus, an approach to measure the efficiency of such systems should be proposed. This paper builds an additive DEA model to measure a parallel interdependent processes system with two components which have an interdependent relationship. Then, the model is applied to analyse the ‘985 Project’ universities in China, and certain policy implications are explained

Carbon emission abatement quota allocation in Chinese manufacturing industries:An integrated cooperative game data envelopment analysis approach

The Chinese government announced to cut its carbon emissions intensity by 60%–65% from its 2005 level. To realize the national abatement commitment, a rational allocation into its subunits (i.e. industries, provinces) is eagerly needed. Centralized allocation models can maximize the overall interests, but might cause implementation difficulty and fierce resistance from individual subunits. Based on this observation, this article will address the carbon emission abatement quota allocation problem from decentralized perspective, taking the competitive and cooperative relationships simultaneously into account. To this end, this article develops an integrated cooperative game data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. We first investigate the relative efficiency evaluation by taking flexible carbon emission abatement allocation plans into account, and then define a super-additive characteristic function for developing a cooperative game among units. To calculate the nucleolus-based allocation plan, a practical computation procedure is developed based on the constraint generation mechanism. Further, we present a two-layer way to allocate the CO2 abatement quota into different sub-industries and further different provinces in Chinese manufacturing industries. The empirical results show that five sub-industries (Processing of petroleum, coking and processing of nuclear fuel; Smelting and pressing of ferrous metals; Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products; Manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical product; Smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals) and two provinces (Guangdong and Shandong) will be allocated more than 10% of the total national carbon emission abatement quota

An Integrated Fuzzy Clustering Cooperative Game Data Envelopment Analysis Model with application in Hospital Efficiency

Hospitals are the main sub-section of health care systems and evaluation of hospitals is one of the most important issue for health policy makers. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric method that has recently been used for measuring efficiency and productivity of Decision Making Units (DMUs) and commonly applied for comparison of hospitals. However, one of the important assumption in DEA is that DMUs must be homogenous. The crucial issue in hospital efficiency is that hospitals are providing different services and so may not be comparable. In this paper, we propose an integrated fuzzy clustering cooperative game DEA approach. In fact, due to the lack of homogeneity among DMUs, we first propose to use a fuzzy C-means technique to cluster the DMUs. Then we apply DEA combined with the game theory where each DMU is considered as a player, using Core and Shapley value approaches within each cluster. The procedure has successfully been applied for performances measurement of 288 hospitals in 31 provinces of Iran. Finally, since the classical DEA model is not capable to distinguish between efficient DMUs, efficient hospitals within each cluster, are ranked using combined DEA model and cooperative game approach. The results show that the Core and Shapley values are suitable for fully ranking of efficient hospitals in the healthcare systems

INDUSTRIAL ENLARGEMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS INDEX

Over the last decade Slovenia has achieved clear and positive macro-economic results that have placed it among the most sucessful transitions countries. The basic indicators show that it has been integrating and catching up with European Union member states at an ever increasing pace. Despite this, the challenges of a global economy-where only innovation and entrepreneurship can compete succesfully, and the relative lag in the competitive capacity of our economy behind numerous other countries in the world rankings, require drastic changes to be made to Slovenia’s economic structure to adopt as much as possible to the demans of the knowledge based economy. That means the transformation from an economy with low added value whose competitiveness is based on low operative costs into an economy based on production and service activities whose competitive advantages are high added value, quality, innovation and entrapreneurship. Entrepreneurship and the diffusion of innovation, which considerably increase the speed at which new high-quality and low cost products replace existing products, are two driving forces of the knowledge based economy and they are changing the economic structure of leading countries....national competitiveness, benchmarking, development strategy, industrial policy

THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES ON MANUFACTURING PERFORMABLE AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN INDONESIA

Technological strategies (TS) have positive impacts on manufacturing performance and other competitive drivers. Many previous studies found that TS was directly related to the following competitive drivers, average change-over process, finished product defect rate, new product ' introduction lead time, on-time delivery, productively and increased customer morale. Lower cost is achieved (i.e. total cost, material cost. Labor cost, and overhead cost) when the finns use appropriate technology to its maximum potential. It can be concluded that TS was found to be generally a significant factor in explaining manufacturing performance in manufacturing companies

Driving effect of fiscal policy on regional innovation efficiency

This study uses a network data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to measure phased innovation efficiency to explore how fiscal technology innovation policy drives the development of regional innovation. A game model is constructed that includes governments, enterprises, universities, and research institutes to explain the influence mechanism. The innovation process is decomposed into the transformation stage of scientific research results and their commercial application. A Tobit model is used to explain the effect of fiscal policy on innovation efficiency. These methods led to novel conclusions: (1) the growth rate of innovation efficiency in the first stage is greater with smaller regional differences, with larger regional differences in innovation efficiency in the second stage; (2) the intensity of fiscal R&D funding in science and technology has a significant positive effect on overall innovation efficiency and phased innovation efficiency; and (3) the positive effect of fiscal R&D funding is greater on the commercial application of scientific achievements. The targeting effect of fiscal innovation policy on industry–university research (IUR) cooperation needs to be improved through resource sharing, joint participation, sharing of achievements, and risk sharing

Can better governance increase university efficiency?

This paper links governance reforms with potential improvements in efficiency in Spanish universities. Taking the classic DEA model as our starting-point, we focus on the study of efficient units to identify the ones that present atypical behaviour (outliers) and should be removed from the analysis, and then to order the remaining institutions in terms of what is known as robust efficiency. Moreover, we use a second stage regression analysis and a threestage adjusted values non-parametric model to analyse the influence of environmental factors on the efficiency scores obtained. Once environmental factors are taken into account, the remaining unexplained inefficiency is attributed to governance failures. Our results indicate that the observed inefficiency in Spanish public universities is mainly determined by deficient governance. Thus, there is scope for improvements in efficiency through governance reform