Speech Acts Proficiency of Junior High School English Teachers

Junior High School English teachers involved in this study taught English‘ speech acts at a Junior High School, where the materials taught include high level of spoken English. Thus, the English teachers need to be proficient in this particular skill. As professional educators, the teachers must have professionalcompetencies, particularly a good comprehension of the materials. Speech act constitutes spoken English, which is generally taught in Junior High School. Developing communication competence in English is the main purpose of English teaching in Junior High School. This descriptive qualitative research aims to describe a phenomenon: the ability of speech acts of Junior High School teachers. This knowledge comprises of several categories, namely the ability to define of speech acts, to identify speech acts conversations and to figure out speech act utterances. Drawing on the data garnered through the interviews, it was unveiled that most of the Junior High School English teachers could respond the given questions pertinent to speech acts. They could define the meaning of speech acts, identify the speech act conversations and figure out the speech act utterances. This study demonstrates that the proficiency level of the Junior High School English teachers is very good as they comprehend teaching materials and have good pedagogical skills

The Effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching to Teach Speaking Skills

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of task-based language teaching to enhance speaking skills. It applied a method to teach speaking skills in SMK NW Darul Abror Kuta in Central Lombok. The research objectives are to know whether tasks-based language teaching is effective in teaching students speaking skills at ten-grade SMK NW Darul Abror Kuta in the academic year of 2020/2021. The research was conducted in six meetings, the first meeting was given a pre-test and the second meeting until the fifth meeting for giving treatment with the descriptive text material, and six sessions to give a post-test. The researcher uses Quasi-Experimental Design. The population of the research was 127 students. The researcher used random cluster sampling to take the sample, and the samples of this research were eleventh-grade students of XI B as an experimental group that would be taught by using task-based language teaching and XI D as a control group would be taught by using the direct method. In experimental group consisted of 29 students, while the control group consisted of 30 students. The data was taken by test and analyzed by independent t-test. The mean score of students in the experimental group taught using Task-Based Language Teaching is 66.38. In the control group, the mean score of students taught using the direct method is 60.3. The results of t-test computation, to was 3.079 while tt with the degree of freedom 57 in the level of significance 0.05, therefore, towas higher than tt. It means the alternative hypothesis is accepted; Task-Based Language Teaching is Effective to teach speaking skills

AN ANALISYS OF STUDENTS’ COMPETENCE IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH: A CASE STUDY AT THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF SMA 1 PUJUT IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019

This research aims to know the An Analysis of Students’ competence in writing descriptive paragraph. The subject of this research has been 36 students of class at SMA 1  Pujut in academic year 2018/2019. The research design on one test of SMA 1  Pujut used the one sheet method. In this test the students had to write a descriptive paragraph. The author used the descriptive method for data interpretation. The research revealed a mean score of 53.47 at the test. In detail: the students’ competence in writing descriptive paragraph was fairly good (38.8%), good (13.8%), excellent (5.5%), poor (36.1%) and very poor (5.5%). In general, based on the result, the author concludes that the students’ competence in writing descriptive paragraphs was classified fairly good. It demonstrated that most of the students (80%) of class at SMA 1  Pujut were able to write descriptive paragraph using their own words as good possible

The Effectiveness of Using Chronological Paragraph Strategy toward Students’ Writing Skills

This study aims to identify the effect of chronological order strategy on improving students' ability in writing paragraphs. The sample of this study was 40 students of SMPN 9 SATAP Pujut Central Lombok. This study employed a pre-experimental method by using intact-group comparison.  To gather the data, the pre-test and post-test were distributed to the groups to collect the writing score and the percentage of students’ writing classification. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to testing the hypothesis. The finding data shows that there was enhancement of students’ classification in writing between pre-test and post-test. In pre-test the average of students’ classification between fair, poor and very poor. But in post-test the average of students’ classification improved into very good, good, fair and poor. The result of data analysis indicates a significant effect of using chronological order to improve students’ writing ability. It evidenced by the significant level was lower than 0.05 (0.00<0.05)

"Io accesi un lume"

Planteamientos filosóficos y religiosos de Campanella que se ponen de manifiesto en su obra lírica y muy especialmente en la composición que lleva el nombre de este artículo. Manifiesta junto con Giordano Bruno su convencimiento de ser un enviado para sacar a lso hombres de la ignorancia en la que les ha sumido su alejamiento de Dios y del verdadero conocimiento

conceptul de „lume” la heidegger

Préoccupé par le problème de l’Être, Heidegger étude le Dasein, le seul étant qui sait poser correctement la question sur l’Être. Le\ud Dasein est l’homme dans sa manière spécifique d’être, dont l’essence est le-fait-d’être-dans-le-monde. En conséquence, le monde est une\ud structure constitutive au Dasein et, ainsi, le concept du „monde” devient essentiel pour la philosophie de Heidegger. Donc le monde\ud n’est pas, simplement, l’ensemble des choses, ni même leur réceptacle, quoiqu’il embrasse tous les objets et aussi les hommes. En\ud tant que structure d’être de l’homme, pour Heidegger le monde est le complexe de toutes les significations d’ustensilité possibles, c’est à\ud dire toutes les destinées fonctionnelles des choses, que l’homme trouve pendant son regard sur l’ambiance. Le monde est l’horizon\ud préalable où le Dasein comprend les choses, découvre leur utilité et les met à sa portée. Il est donc quelque chose au delà de tous mais\ud présent depuis toujours ici, comme fondement pour les rencontres entre Dasein et les autres étants, rencontres qui signifient aussi leur\ud découverte par le Dasein. La condition d’être du monde est la temporalité originaire qui, en tant que celle qui est toujours hors\ud d’elle-même, en vertu de ses trois ec-stases: l’avenir (la plus importante), le présent et le passée, engendre un horizon comme lieu\ud d’ouverture où se place le Dasein. En même temps, cet horizon est l’horizon du monde, qui s’établit comme une transcendance pour le\ud Dasein et pour les étants qu’il rencontrera mettant en action son regard sur l’ambiance – des étants qui sont, touts, dans le monde.\ud Ainsi, bien que le monde est „dans l’homme”, du moment qu’il est une structure de l’homme, l’homme est lui aussi dans le monde; outre\ud cela, en tant que transcendance, vers qu’il tend continu, le monde se place toujours devant lui, comme le projet originaire de ses\ud possibilités, projet que l’accomplira l’homme même. Le passage audelà de soi et la situation dans la transcendance expriment la liberté\ud du Dasein, par laquelle il se retrouve comme tel, parce qu’il atteint le monde, c’est à dire son essence, donc l’Être. En vertu de ce qui a été ci-dessus, le monde se révèle comme un concept-clef de l’ontologie de Heidegger, qu’il structure par dedans et qu’il projette sur un plan tout à fait originel

Cellular Regulation of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Neurotrophic factors are small secretory proteins with important functions both in the nervous system and in peripheral tissues. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is best known for its ability to support the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and enteric neurons. Also, GDNF is essential for the development of kidney and testis. It has been shown that both the absence and excessive amounts of GDNF protein negatively regulate kidney morphogenesis, highlighting the importance of proper spatiotemporal regulation of GDNF. Despite the wealth of knowledge regarding GDNF functions both in and outside the nervous system, relatively little is known about the trafficking mechanisms of GDNF. GDNF is synthesized as a precursor protein, proGDNF. In this thesis, we characterized the cellular localization and secretion of two GDNF splice variants, pre-(α)pro-GDNF and pre-(β)pro-GDNF, that differ in their pro-regions. Both precursor forms were shown to be secreted from cell lines. However, while (α)pro-GDNF co-localized mainly with the Golgi markers, the (β)pro-GDNF was found primarily in the secretogranin-II positive vesicles of the regulated secretory pathway. In accordance, the two splice isoforms responded differently to KCl-induced depolarization that is known to trigger the secretion of neurotrophin family members in neuronal cells. Only (β)pro-GDNF and corresponding mature GDNF were secreted activity-dependently, whereas (α)pro-GDNF and its corresponding mature GDNF were secreted via the constitutive secretory pathway. In addition, we determined which enzymes are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of proGDNF into mature GDNF. To elucidate, whether secreted proGDNF has any biological activity, the recombinant cleavage-resistant proGDNF mutant protein was expressed in mammalian CHO cells and next purified from the media. Our results demonstrate that proGDNF is biologically active. Furthermore, similarly to mature GDNF, proGDNF can signal via the GDNF receptor α1/RET receptor tyrosine kinase complex and activate downstream MAPK and AKT pathways. Interestingly, proGDNF is not able to activate RET via the GFRα2 receptor. Finally, we identified a novel sorting receptor for GDNF and its receptors. Our results show that SorLA, a member of the vacuolar protein sorting 10-p domain receptor family, can internalize GDNF and GFRα1. While GDNF is subsequently degraded in lysosomes, GFRα1 is recycled back to the cell membrane. In the presence of SorLA and GFRα1, also RET is internalized and directed to early endosomes. By regulating the availability of GDNF and its co-receptors, SorLA can inhibit GDNF-induced neurotrophic activity in SY5Y cells. Moreover, SorLA seems to regulate intracellular localization of GFRα1 in hippocampal neurons. In summary, results of this thesis characterize the cellular regulation of GDNF regarding its secretion, processing, internalization and subsequent degradation. Furthermore, this is the first time that biological functions of the GDNF precursor protein proGDNF are described. Our findings indicate that the trafficking of GDNF is very different from that of other neurotrophic factors, and in contrast to apoptotic proneurotrophins, proGDNF is a trophic protein with increased specificity to GDNF receptor complex GFRα1-RET.Hermokasvutekijät ovat pieniä solun erittämiä proteiineja, joilla on tärkeä rooli sekä hermostossa että muissa kudoksissa. Gliasolulinjaperäinen hermokasvutekijä (GDNF) on parhaiten tunnettu siitä, että se säätelee keskiaivojen dopamiinisolujen sekä suoliston hermosolujen elonjäämistä. GDNF:llä on tärkeä rooli myös munuaisten ja siittiösolujen kehityksen säätelyssä. Aikaisemmissa kokeissa on osoitettu, että ainakin munuaisten kehityksessä GDNF:n tarkka määrä on kriittistä, sillä sekä liian matala tai liian korkea proteiinipitoisuus aiheuttaa munuaisten kehityshäiriöitä. Vaikka GDNF:n tehtävät tunnetaan melko hyvin, sen solunsisäisiä säätelymekanismeja ei ole tutkittu yksityiskohtaisesti. Aitotumalliset solut tuottavat erittyviä proteiineja usein pre-pro-mature muodossa. Pre-sekvenssin avulla proteiini ohjataan eritysreitille, pro-alueen tarkkaa roolia ei tunneta, mutta sen on ehdotettu vaikuttavaan proteiinin oikeaan laskostumiseen, kuljetukseen sekä biologiseen aktiivisuuteen. Mature eli kypsä alue koodaa biologisesti aktiivista proteiinia. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää miten GDNF-proteiinin eri muotoja eritetään solusta, onko prekursoriproteiini pro-GDNF biologisesti aktiivinen ja miten GDNF-proteiinin hajottaminen on säädelty soluissa. Tutkimme tarkemmin kahta GDNF:n muotoa (pre-(α)pro-GDNF ja pre-(β)pro-GDNF), joiden pro-alueet ovat eripituisia. Tutkimustuloksemme osoittivat, että pidempi pre-(α)pro-GDNF erittyy soluista jatkuvasti, lyhyempi pre-(β)pro-GDNF taas erittyy aktiivisuusriippuvaisesti. Lisäksi selvitimme mitkä proteinaasit pilkkovat pro-alueen GDNF-proteiinista. Työssäni osoitettiin myös, että mutantti (α)pro-GDNF prekursoriproteiini, joka ei altistu proteinaaseille, erittyy hyvin soluista pro-muodossa, on biologisesti aktiivinen ja kypsän GDNF:n tavoin suojaa sympaattisia hermosoluja kuolemalta. Kokeissa löydettiin myös vaihtoehtoinen GDNF:n reseptori SorLA, joka edesauttaa GDNF:n kuljettamista solun pinnalta lysosomeihin - soluorganelleihin, joissa GDNF-proteiini hajotetaan. Tutkimustuloksemme tuovat lisää tietoa GDNF:n solunsisäisistä säätelymekanismeista ja pro-GDNF:n biologisesta aktiivisuudesta. Tämä tieto voi olla hyödyllistä, kun suunnitellaan GDNF:n käyttöä esimerkiksi geeniterapiassa

Lume

I denne oppgaven løser jeg problemstillingen «Hvordan kan man på best mulig måte samle nordmenn som ønsker å kjøpe og selge klokker trygt på en digital plattform?» med å utvikle og designe applikasjonen Lume. Målet med denne oppgaven er å belyse hvordan man gjennom en grundig designprosess kan designe en digital plattform som gjør hverdagen til en klokkeentusiast bedre ved å tilby en applikasjon som løser de problemene man støter på med dagens løsninger. Dette gjøres med hjelp av relevant teori og en dyp kartlegging av dagens muligheter og forbrukere. Med hjelp av kvantitative og kvalitative metoder har jeg gått fått god innsikt i målgruppens behov, tanker og situasjon. Med hjelp av disse metodene fikk jeg blant annet avdekket at klokkesamlere ikke bare er en hobby for eliten, men en hobby som interesserer en hel del forskjellige mennesker. Denne oppgaven resulterte i applikasjonen Lume, en digital plattform som er en nymoderne, trygg, sosial og brukervennlig applikasjon som forbedrer dagens muligheter for kjøp og salg av klokker på nett

Naiste emotsionaalne heaolu ning toimetulek pere- ja tööelu ühildamisel Audru valla näitel

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4605568*es

Clinical relevance of antithyroid antibodies in thyroid disease : a retrospective study

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020Introdução: A doença tiroideia autoimune é uma doença autoimune prevalente, contudo os papéis funcional e clínico dos anticorpos anti-tiroideus permanecem por esclarecer. Objetivos: Comparar os anticorpos antitiroideus e parâmetros de função tiroideia em dois pontos do tempo distintos do seguimento e identificar possíveis correlações entre os anticorpos anti-tiroideus e parâmetros de função tiroideia, na tiroidite de Hashimoto. Doentes e Métodos: Neste estudo retrospetivo observacional, estudámos uma base de dados de 346 doentes com tiroidite de Hashimoto seguidos no Hospital de Santa Maria – Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, de 2009 ± 6 a 2014 ± 3. A análise estatística foi realizada para detetar diferenças entre as hormonas e anticorpos tiroideus séricos nas primeira e última consultas do seguimento e para inferir sobre correlações entre as hormonas e anticorpos tiroideus. Resultados: Verificou-se uma redução significativa de TSH, T3, T4 e TPOAb, e um aumento significativo de fT4 entre consultas. Correlações modestas e positivas entre TPOAb e TgAb, TPOAb e TSH, e TPOAb e fT4 foram descritas na primeira consulta. Uma correlação modesta negativa entre TgAb e Tg foi documentada nas duas consultas. Identificámos subgrupos de doentes que produziam preferencialmente TPOAb ou TgAb, e aqueles que tinham medições positivas de Tg apesar de medições positivas de TgAb. Conclusão: As alterações nos anticorpos anti-tiroideus e função tiroideia observadas no seguimento destes doentes mostra que a tiroidite de Hashimoto não é uma doença imutável. A correlação entre TPOAb e fT4 e TSH poderá sugerir a importância deste anticorpo na tiroidite de Hashimoto. As diferenças na expressão de TPOAb e TgAb em diferentes subgrupos de doentes poderão refletir a evolução natural da tiroidite de Hashimoto, um fenómeno aleatório ou uma situação clínica distinta. Palavras-Chave: anticorpos anti-tiroideus; doença tiroideia autoimune; tiroidite de Hashimoto; anticorpo anti-peroxidase tiroideia; anticorpo anti-tiroglobulina.Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease is a prevailing autoimmune disorder, however the functional and clinical roles of antithyroid antibodies have not been fully elucidated. Objectives: To compare antithyroid antibodies and thyroid function parameters between two points in time of follow-up and to identify possible relations between antithyroid antibodies and thyroid function parameters, in Hashimoto’s thyroidits. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we studied a database comprising 346 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis assisted at Hospital de Santa Maria – Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, from 2009 ± 6 to 2014 ± 3. Statistical data analysis was conducted to detect differences in thyroid hormones and antibodies in serum at two different points in time (first visit and last visit of follow-up) and to infer from correlations between antithyroid antibodies and thyroid function tests. Results: There was a significant reduction of TSH, T3, T4 and TPOAb, and a significant increase of fT4 between visits. Significant modest positive correlations between TPOAb and TgAb levels, TPOAb and TSH levels and TPOAb and fT4 levels were found at the first visit. A significant weak negative correlation between TgAb and Tg levels was reported for both visits. We identified subsets of patients who preferentially produce TPOAb or TgAb, and those who had positive Tg despite positive TgAb. Conclusion: The follow-up change we observed in antithyroid antibodies and thyroid function shows us that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is not an immutable disease. The correlation between TPOAb and fT4 and TSH might suggest this antibody’s importance in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis pathogenesis. The difference in TPOAb and TgAb expression in distinct patient subsets could reflect the evolution of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, a random phenomenon or a different clinical situation altogether. Keywords: antithyroid antibodies; autoimmune thyroid disease; Hashimoto’s thyroiditis; anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody; anti-thyroglobulin antibody