Utilizing ResearchGate social network by Iranian engineering

This study aimed to assess the role of Researchgate in the development of scientific- scholarly activities among Faculty Members of University of Tehran\u27s Engineering College. This study is Survey and descriptive research and data collection tools, including profiles of researchers at the Researchgate and questionnaire. The study population included faculty members of University of Tehran\u27s Engineering College in 2016 was 242 researcher were earned RG score. The sample 144 subjects who were selected via stratified random sampling method and the questionnaire distributed 144 questionnaires were collected and then Results were analyzed using SPSS software From the perspective of engineering researchers, the goals of “awareness of research activities and researchers pursue their research activities and increase the number of citations as the most important. In addition, among seven groups Researchgate capabilities, “assessment researchers activity and Introduce researcher and identify other researchers are in order from highest usefulness

The Effects of Information, Knowledge, and Attitudes about Reproductive Health on Sexual Behavior among Adolescents in Denpasar, Bali

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of information, knowledge, and attitudes about reproductive health on sexual behavior among adolescents in Denpasar, Bali. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was carried out in Denpasar, Bali. A sample of 1,200 junior and senior high school students were selected for this study by cluster random sampling. The dependent variable was sexual behavior as measured by having some sort of sex. The independent variables were exposure to information, knowledge, and attitude about reproduction health. The data were measured using questionnaires and analyzed using logistic regression. Results: As many as 880 (73.33%) of 1,200 adolescents reported to have had some sort of sex (mild or heavy). Negative attitude increased the risk of having some sort of sex (OR= 2.01; 95% CI= 1.51 to 2.65; p<0.001). Exposure to good information (OR= 0.42; 95% CI= 0.30 to 0.60; p<0.001) and good knowledge in reproductive health (OR= o.98; 95% CI= 0.59 to 1.11; p= 0.929) decreased the risk of having some sort of sex among adolescents. Conclusion: Exposure to information, knowledge, and attitudes about reproductive health affect sexual behavior among adolescents in Denpasar, Bali. Keywords: sexual behavior, information, knowledge, attitude, reproductive health, adolescent

Types of rights in interacting two-party systems : a formal analysis

Partially founded by UBACyT 20020090200116 and UBACyT 20020100200103.We present a formalization of Kanger’s types of rights in the context of interacting two-party systems, such as contracts. We show that in this setting basic rights such as claim, freedom, power and immunity can be expressed in terms of (possibly negated) permissions and obligations over presence or absense of actions, and that the set of atomic type rights is different from Kanger’s original proposal.peer-reviewe

Contract automata with reparations

Although contract reparations have been extensively studied in the context of deontic logics, there is not much literature using reparations in automatabased deontic approaches. Contract automata is a recent approach to modelling the notion of contract-based interaction between different parties using synchronous composition. However, it lacks the notion of reparations for contract violations. In this article we look into, and contrast different ways reparation can be added to an automaton- and state-based contract approach, extending contract automata with two forms of such clauses: catch-all reparations for violation and reparations for specific violations.peer-reviewe

The use of Library 2.0 and Mobile Messaging Applications: (Case Study: Central Library of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran)

This study aimed to investigate the familiarity of librarians and users of the Central Library of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran with Web 2.0, Library 2.0 and Librarian 2.0 and the use of mobile messaging applications. Another goal of this study was to provide practical solutions for using applications to provide library services. In essence, this study was an applied research and it was conducted with a survey approach. The population was consisted of librarians and users of the Central Library of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch in Tehran. An electronic questionnaire was prepared for data collection and data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The findings indicated that librarians and library users were more familiar with Web 2.0 applications than Librarian 2.0 and Library 2.0. The frequency of librarians and users\u27 responsiveness to use the mobile messenger applications was quite high, respectively, 0.35 and 0 .40. In both groups, the use of mobile messaging applications was moderate. Library users also agreed on providing a variety of virtual social media services in the library. The analyses of this study on services offered by libraries using mobile messaging applications would make libraries adopt new technologies and move towards changes in the new era

Communities, Knowledge Creation, and Information Diffusion

In this paper, we examine how patterns of scientific collaboration contribute to knowledge creation. Recent studies have shown that scientists can benefit from their position within collaborative networks by being able to receive more information of better quality in a timely fashion, and by presiding over communication between collaborators. Here we focus on the tendency of scientists to cluster into tightly-knit communities, and discuss the implications of this tendency for scientific performance. We begin by reviewing a new method for finding communities, and we then assess its benefits in terms of computation time and accuracy. While communities often serve as a taxonomic scheme to map knowledge domains, they also affect how successfully scientists engage in the creation of new knowledge. By drawing on the longstanding debate on the relative benefits of social cohesion and brokerage, we discuss the conditions that facilitate collaborations among scientists within or across communities. We show that successful scientific production occurs within communities when scientists have cohesive collaborations with others from the same knowledge domain, and across communities when scientists intermediate among otherwise disconnected collaborators from different knowledge domains. We also discuss the implications of communities for information diffusion, and show how traditional epidemiological approaches need to be refined to take knowledge heterogeneity into account and preserve the system's ability to promote creative processes of novel recombinations of idea

Information Theory and Knowledge-Gathering

It is assumed that human knowledge-building depends on a discrete sequential decision-making process subjected to a stochastic information transmitting environment. This environment randomly transmits Shannon type information-packets to the decision-maker, who examines each of them for relevancy and then determines his optimal choices. Using this set of relevant information-packets, the decision-maker adapts, over time, to the stochastic nature of his environment, and optimizes the subjective expected rate-of-growth of knowledge. The decision-maker’s optimal actions, lead to a decision function that involves his view of the subjective entropy of the environmental process and other important parameters at each stage of the process. Using this model of human behavior, one could create psychometric experiments using computer simulation and real decision-makers, to play programmed games to measure the resulting human performance.decision-making; dynamic programming; entropy; epistemology; information theory; knowledge; sequential processes; subjective probability

Information Independence and Common Knowledge

Conditions of information independence are important in information economics and game theory. We present notions of partial independence in Bayesian environments, and study their relationships to notions of common knowledge.Bayesian games, independent types, common knowledgees

Information Independence and Common Knowledge

In Bayesian environments with private information, as described by the types of Harsanyi, how can types of agents be (statistically) disassociated from each other and how are such disassociations reflected in the agents’ knowledge structure? Conditions studied are (i) subjective independence (the opponents’ types are independent conditional on one’s own) and (ii) type disassociation under common knowledge (the agents’ types are independent, conditional on some common-knowledge variable). Subjective independence is motivated by its implications in Bayesian games and in studies of equilibrium concepts. We find that a variable that disassociates types is more informative than any common-knowledge variable. With three or more agents, conditions (i) and (ii) are equivalent. They also imply that any variable which is common knowledge to two agents is common knowledge to all, and imply the existence of a unique common-knowledge variable that disassociates types, which is the one defined by Aumann.Bayesian games, independent types, common knowledge.

Integrating information and knowledge for enterprise innovation

It has widely been accepted that enterprise integration, can be a source of socio-technical and cultural problems within organisations wishing to provide a focussed end-to-end business service. This can cause possible “straitjacketing” of business process architectures, thus suppressing responsive business re-engineering and competitive advantage for some companies. Accordingly, the current typology and emergent forms of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) technologies are set in the context of understanding information and knowledge integration philosophies. As such, key influences and trends in emerging IS integration choices, for end-to-end, cost-effective and flexible knowledge integration, are examined. As touch points across and outside organisations proliferate, via work-flow and relationship management-driven value innovation, aspects of knowledge refinement and knowledge integration pose challenges to maximising the potential of innovation and sustainable success, within enterprises. This is in terms of the increasing propensity for data fragmentation and the lack of effective information management, in the light of information overload. Furthermore, the nature of IS mediation which is inherent within decision making and workflow-based business processes, provides the basis for evaluation of the effects of information and knowledge integration. Hence, the authors propose a conceptual, holistic evaluation framework which encompasses these ideas. It is thus argued that such trends, and their implications regarding enterprise IS integration to engender sustainable competitive advantage, require fundamental re-thinking