160,106 research outputs found
Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism Small and Medium Enterprises. Evidence from Europe and Latin America
While there is a growing literature related with corporate social responsibility (CSR) in hospitality and tourism large firms, much remains to be done in the case of CSR in tourism small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this paper we provide three studies regarding this particular aspect through the evidence present in different destinations: Catalonia, European natural parks and Chile. Among the conclusions that can be highlighted is the prevalence of altruism in the reasons for being responsible, the introduction of increasingly advanced measures or their impact on different business variables, and the link to financial performance
The Role of the IASB and Auditing Standards in the Aftermath of the 2008/20092 Financial Crisis.
The primary argument of this paper is, namely, that the International Accounting Standards
Board (IASB), is in need of an enforcement mechanism. In drawing attention to this
argument, the paper not only proposes considerations which are to be taken into account if
such a mechanism is to be implemented, but also considers areas in which the regulation of
accounting standards, and auditing standards in particular, have contributed to the recent
global financial crisis. The impact of such standards on pro cyclicality1, the level of success
achieved by the IASB and other international standard setters such as the Basel Committee
on Banking Supervision, relates to how effectively the accounting and audit standard setting
is implemented.
As well as identifying the importance of convergence in contributing towards high quality
audits and the consistent application of auditing and accounting standards, this paper also
acknowledges the difficulties and challenges encountered in attempting to achieve a
convergent framework. Furthermore, through a discussion of recommendations aimed at
consolidating transparency and accounting, as proposed by the G20, ways in which
accounting standards, and consequently the IASB, could contribute further to the
improvement of transparency and accountability of the framework for fair value
measurements and evaluation, are considered.
The absence of enforcement mechanisms, the fact that enforcement actions are carried out at
national level in various EU member states, present sources of obstacles to attempts to realise
the proposals put forward by the G20. This paper not only attempts to address such factors,
but also to suggest ways in which the IASB, to an extent, could realise its goals. Through a
consideration of two enforcement regimes in Europe, namely, Germany and the UK, two
related standards which govern enforcement in Europe, principles on which harmonisation of
the institutional oversight systems in Europe may be achieved , and the vital contribution
made by CESR and EFRAG (the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group), this paper
will consider how enforcement could be implemented by the IASB at European level
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Dialectic tensions in the financial markets: a longitudinal study of pre- and post-crisis regulatory technology
This article presents the findings from a longitudinal research study on regulatory technology in the UK financial services industry. The financial crisis with serious corporate and mutual fund scandals raised the profile of
compliance as governmental bodies, institutional and private investors introduced a âtsunamiâ of financial regulations. Adopting a multi-level analysis, this study examines how regulatory technology was used by financial firms to meet their compliance obligations, pre- and post-crisis. Empirical data collected over 12 years examine the deployment of
an investment management system in eight financial firms. Interviews with public regulatory bodies, financial
institutions and technology providers reveal a culture of compliance with increased transparency, surveillance and
accountability. Findings show that dialectic tensions arise as the pursuit of transparency, surveillance and
accountability in compliance mandates is simultaneously rationalized, facilitated and obscured by regulatory
technology. Responding to these challenges, regulatory bodies continue to impose revised compliance mandates on
financial firms to force them to adapt their financial technologies in an ever-changing multi-jurisdictional regulatory landscape
The Effect of Taxes on Multinational Debt Location
We provide new evidence that differences in international tax rates and tax regimes affect multinational firms\u27 debt location decisions. Our sample contains 8287 debt issues from 2437 firms headquartered in 23 different countries with debt-issuing subsidiaries in 59 countries. We analyze firms\u27 marginal decisions of where to issue debt to investigate the influence of a comprehensive set of tax-related effects, including differences in personal and corporate tax rates, tax credit and exemption systems, and bi-lateral cross-country withholding taxes on interest and dividend payments. Our results show that differences in personal and corporate tax rates, the presence of dividend imputation or relief tax systems, the tax treatment of repatriated profits, and inter-country withholding taxes on dividends and interest significantly influence the decision of where to locate debt and the proportion of debt located abroad. Our results are robust to firm and issue specific factors and to the effect of legal regimes, debt market development, and exchange rate risk
Work Organisation and Innovation in Ireland
[Excerpt] Innovations in work organisation have the potential to optimise production processes in companies and improve employeesâ overall experience of work. This report explores the links between innovations in work organisation â under the broader label of high performance work practices (HPWPs) â and the potential benefits for both employees and organisations. It draws on empirical evidence from three case studies carried out in the Republic of Ireland, where workplace innovations have resulted in positive outcomes and where social partners played a significant role in their design and development
Complex networks analysis in socioeconomic models
This chapter aims at reviewing complex networks models and methods that were
either developed for or applied to socioeconomic issues, and pertinent to the
theme of New Economic Geography. After an introduction to the foundations of
the field of complex networks, the present summary adds insights on the
statistical mechanical approach, and on the most relevant computational aspects
for the treatment of these systems. As the most frequently used model for
interacting agent-based systems, a brief description of the statistical
mechanics of the classical Ising model on regular lattices, together with
recent extensions of the same model on small-world Watts-Strogatz and
scale-free Albert-Barabasi complex networks is included. Other sections of the
chapter are devoted to applications of complex networks to economics, finance,
spreading of innovations, and regional trade and developments. The chapter also
reviews results involving applications of complex networks to other relevant
socioeconomic issues, including results for opinion and citation networks.
Finally, some avenues for future research are introduced before summarizing the
main conclusions of the chapter.Comment: 39 pages, 185 references, (not final version of) a chapter prepared
for Complexity and Geographical Economics - Topics and Tools, P.
Commendatore, S.S. Kayam and I. Kubin Eds. (Springer, to be published
Introducing clustering model for auto parts manufacturing companies
The index of development of every country is measured by the amount of its industrialization. The comparative statistics show that the level of industrial GDP in developed countries is much higher than in Iran. The influence of automotive industry on the redevelopment of satellite sectors such as steel, rubber, Polymer, petrol and petrochemicals, electrical and electronics, ceramics and etc. is very high. In view of the fact that the cluster system defines a collection of united small and medium enterprises which are distributed in a particular region, these companies do face with global and local
threats, and opportunities in manufacturing of their products. In particular, the auto industry as one of the most important sector in the region qualifies for the
application of clustering method, in order to unify efforts of the SME companies. A suitable cluster model if carefully applied, can result in increasing output and quality of parts, decreasing overhead costs, specialization of skills, increase of employment, equal opportunities and etc.
This paper represents a thorough study of all SMEâs for auto parts manufacturers in North West province of Azerbaijan. On the basis of these finding and the studies carried out, a suitable Cluster model within UNIDO
requirements has been devised and developed, to suit the needs of all SMEâs auto parts manufacturers in the region. The paper discusses and analysis the cluster model in details
Private Sector Participation in the Water and Wastewater Services Industry
Countries introduce private sector participation into the water and wastewater utilities sector for a number of reasons. The introduction of a profit motive may increase efficiency as compared to public management of the water system, and private firms have been noted for customer service improvements. Financial considerations, including revenues from the sale of assets and reductions in the direct cost of providing water services, may also motivate governments to introduce private sector participation in this industry. However, because water is a basic human necessity, the introduction of private participation in this industry sector may raise social, economic, and national security concerns. Private participation in the global water and wastewater industry can take a number of forms including privatization, greenfield projects, concessions, leases, operation and management contracts, and outsourcing and most countries employ a mix of methods. A handful of European firms dominate trade and investment in the global water and wastewater utilities market.water, wastewater, environmental services, private sector participation, Public Economics,
SMEs and Certified Management Standards: The Effect of Motives and Timing on Implementation and Commitment
Existing research on certifiable management standards (CMS) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) tends to focus on large companies and is characterised by disagreement about the role of these standards as drivers of CSR. We contribute to the literature by shifting the analytical focus to the behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that subscribe to multiple CSR related standards. We argue that, in respect of motive and commitment, SMEs are not as different from large companies as the literature suggests, as they are guided by similar institutional and economic motives. Results, based on ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certified SMEs in Greece, demonstrate that later adopters are more susceptible to coercive and mimetic motives and are less likely to commit fully to the CMS requirements, while earlier adopters react to normative motives and considerations of internal efficiency gains and tend to carry out CMS requirements with greater diligence
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