Neurospora 2010 Plenary Session Abstracts

Plenary and poster session abstracts from the Neurospora 2010 Conferenc

RNAseq reveals hydrophobins that are involved in the adaptation of aspergillus nidulans to lignocellulose

Background Sugarcane is one of the world’s most profitable crops. Waste steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse (SEB) is a cheap, abundant, and renewable lignocellulosic feedstock for the next-generation biofuels. In nature, fungi seldom exist as planktonic cells, similar to those found in the nutrient-rich environment created within an industrial fermenter. Instead, fungi predominantly form biofilms that allow them to thrive in hostile environments. Results In turn, we adopted an RNA-sequencing approach to interrogate how the model fungus, Aspergillus nidulans, adapts to SEB, revealing the induction of carbon starvation responses and the lignocellulolytic machinery, in addition to morphological adaptations. Genetic analyses showed the importance of hydrophobins for growth on SEB. The major hydrophobin, RodA, was retained within the fungal biofilm on SEB fibres. The StuA transcription factor that regulates fungal morphology was up-regulated during growth on SEB and controlled hydrophobin gene induction. The absence of the RodA or DewC hydrophobins reduced biofilm formation. The loss of a RodA or a functional StuA reduced the retention of the hydrolytic enzymes within the vicinity of the fungus. Hence, hydrophobins promote biofilm formation on SEB, and may enhance lignocellulose utilisation via promoting a compact substrate-enzyme-fungus structure. Conclusion This novel study highlights the importance of hydrophobins to the formation of biofilms and the efficient deconstruction of lignocellulose

Metabolic properties of the products of mitochondrial protein synthesis in HeLa cells

The metabolic behavior of the mitochondrial protein synthesis products has been investigated in HeLa cells. Particular attention was given to the four major electrophoretic components (designated as Nos. 2, 3, 5, and 8) of the 10 previously identified as organelle-specific products. Inhibition of cytoplasmic protein synthesis with emetine or cycloheximide causes a rapid decline in the rate of mitochondrial protein synthesis, with an estimated half-life of 1 to 2 h, affecting in a parallel way all the discrete components. About 30% of the original synthetic activity appears to be resistant to emetine treatment for at least 24 h; however, all the polypeptides synthesized after the first 4 h of cell exposure to emetine are metabolically unstable, possibly because of lack of integration into the inner mitochondrial membrane. An analysis of the stability of newly synthesized products of mitochondrial protein synthesis pulse-labeled in the presence of cycloheximide and then chased in the absence of the drug (i.e. under conditions of resumed cytoplasmic protein synthesis) has revealed marked differences among the various discrete components. In particular, about three-fourths of the radioactivity associated with components 3 and 5 decays within 4 h of chase, the remainder being substantailly stable afterwards; by contrast, the radioactivity in components 2 and 8 shows only a slow decline during a 3-day chase. If the chase is carried out under conditions of a persistent block of cytoplasmic protein synthesis, as is the situation after a pulse labeling in the presence of emetine, all newly synthesized components appear to be destablized in various degrees, with the exception of component 5, which is to a great extent stabilized. Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis with chloramphenicol has a progressive stabilizing effect on most of the discrete components newly synthesized after removal of the drug; this effect is especially striking in the case of component 5 which, in experiments of continuous labeling in the presence of emetine after prolonged chloramphenicol treatment, becomes, after 24 h of labeling or more, the only recognizable peak in the electrophoretic pattern of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-lysed mitochondrial fraction. The results of the kinetic experiments described here are interpreted in terms of two roles of cytoplasmically synthesized proteins, one required for the synthesis of polypeptides within the organelles, the other necessary for the stabilization of the mitochondrial products

A Complete Cleavage Map of Neurospora crassa mtDNA Obtained with Endonucleases Eco RI and Bam HI

A physical map of Neurospora crassa mitochondrial DNA has been constructed using specific fragments obtained with restriction endonucleases. The DNA has 5 cleavage sites for endonuclease Bam HI, 12 for endonuclease Eco RI and more than 30 for endonuclease Hind III. The sequence of the Eco RI and Bam HI fragments has been established by analysis of partial fragments. By digestion of the Eco RI fragments with Bam HI, a complete overlapping map has been constructed. The position of the largest Hind III fragment on this map has also been determined. The map is circular and the added molecular weight of the fragments is 40 • 10^6, which is in good agreement with earlier measurements on intact DNA, using the electron microscope

Twentieth Fungal Genetics Conference Scientific Program

Abstracts are published as an electronic supplement to Fungal Genetics Newsletter # 46 and should be cited as follows: Fungal Genet. Newsl. 46S: Abstract Numbe

Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase is present in the mitoplasts

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Lysine-acetyltransferase Gcn5 (KAT2) is part of the SAGA complex and is responsible for histone acetylation widely or at specific lysines. In this paper we report that GCN5 deletion differently affects the growth of two strains. The defective mitochondrial phenotype is related to a marked decrease in mtDNA content, which also involves the deletion of specific regions of the molecule. We also show that in wild-type mitochondria the Gcn5 protein is present in the mitoplasts, suggesting a new mitochondrial function independent from the SAGA complex and possibly a new function for this protein connecting epigenetics and metabolism

Genome analysis of the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are closely related necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi notable for their wide host ranges and environmental persistence. These attributes have made these species models for understanding the complexity of necrotrophic, broad host-range pathogenicity. Despite their similarities, the two species differ in mating behaviour and the ability to produce asexual spores. We have sequenced the genomes of one strain of S. sclerotiorum and two strains of B. cinerea. The comparative analysis of these genomes relative to one another and to other sequenced fungal genomes is provided here. Their 38–39 Mb genomes include 11,860–14,270 predicted genes, which share 83% amino acid identity on average between the two species. We have mapped the S. sclerotiorum assembly to 16 chromosomes and found large-scale co-linearity with the B. cinerea genomes. Seven percent of the S. sclerotiorum genome comprises transposable elements compared t

Moniliophthora perniciosa genome: assembly and annotation of mitochondrion and development of a semi-automatic system of genes annotation

Orientador: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães PereiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: O genoma mitocondrial (mtDNA) do fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa foi completamente seqüenciado e contém 109103 pb, com 31% de bases GC, porcentagem menor que a encontrada nas seqüências do genoma nuclear (47%). É o maior genoma mitocondrial de fungos descrito até o momento, e seu tamanho é conseqüência de grande espaço intergênico, que contém diversas ORFs com possibilidade de serem confirmadas como novos genes. Análises computacionais indicam a presença de variação no número de mtDNAs/célula nas diferentes bibliotecas, com tendência significativa de menor número de mtDNAs/célula no grupo de bibliotecas proveniente de culturas submetidas a repetidas repicagens. A maioria dos genes típicos (atp6, atp9, nad1-6, nad4L, cox1-3, cob, sendo a exceção o atp8), todos os rRNAS, tRNAS (foi encontrado pelo menos um para cada aminoácido) e genes das ORFs intrônicas estão orientados no sentido horário. Foram identificados também um gene rps3 e um grupo de ORFs com características semelhantes às dos genes típicos. Surpreendentemente o mtDNA apresenta uma região ocupada por uma estrutura de invertron característica de plasmídeos kalilo-like, integrado de maneira estável ao genoma em todas as variedades do biótipo C, e presente nos demais biótipos testados. Esta seqüência está disponível no GenBank através do número de acesso: AY376688. A outra linha de trabalho foi desenvolvida juntamente com outros bioinformatas do Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão. Foram desenvolvidas ferramentas de mineração e anotação de genes para projetos genoma, sendo os maiores destaques o Gene Projects, que permite mineração e anotação de genes durante o processo de seqüenciamento, e a nova interface de anotação, desenvolvida para otimizar a qualidade e a eficiência da anotação de genesAbstract: The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa was completely sequenced and it contains 109103 bases pair, with 31% of bases GC, smaller percentage than found in the sequences of the nuclear genome (47%). It is the largest mitochondrial genome of fungus described to the moment, and its size is consequence of great intergenic space, with several ORFs who can be confirmed as new genes. Computational analyses show the presence of variation in the number of mtDNAs / cell in different libraries, with significant tendency of smaller mtDNAs / cell number in group of libraries originating from cultures undergoes to repeatedly reply. Most of the typical genes (atp6, atp9, nad1-6, nad4L, cox1-3, cob, being the exception the atp8), all of the rRNAS, tRNAS (it was found at least one for each amino acid) and genes of the intronic ORFs are guided in the hourly sense. Surprisingly the mtDNA presents one region occupied for a structure of invertron, characteristic of plasmids kalilo-like, integrated in stable way to the genome in all of the varieties of the biotype C, and present in other tested biotypes. This sequence is available in the GenBank through the accession number: AY376688. The other work line was developed together with other bioinformatics of the Genomic and Expression Laboratory. Data mining and annotation of genes tools were developed for projects genome, being the largest prominences the Gene Projects, that allows mining and annotation of genes during the sequencing process, and the new annotation interface, developed to optimize the quality and the efficiency of the annotation of genesDoutoradoBioquimicaDoutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecula

27th Fungal Genetics Conference

Program and abstracts from the 27th Fungal Genetics Conference Asilomar, March 12-17, 2013