Enhancing the genetic-based scheduling in computational grids by a structured hierarchical population

Independent Job Scheduling is one of the most useful versions of scheduling in grid systems. It aims at computing efficient and optimal mapping of jobs and/or applications submitted by independent users to the grid resources. Besides traditional restrictions, mapping of jobs to resources should be computed under high degree of heterogeneity of resources, the large scale and the dynamics of the system. Because of the complexity of the problem, the heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches are the most feasible methods of scheduling in grids due to their ability to deliver high quality solutions in reasonable computing time. One class of such meta-heuristics is Hierarchic Genetic Strategy (HGS). It is defined as a variant of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) which differs from the other genetic methods by its capability of concurrent search of the solution space. In this work, we present an implementation of HGS for Independent Job Scheduling in dynamic grid environments. We consider the bi-objective version of the problem in which makespan and flowtime are simultaneously optimized. Based on our previous work, we improve the HGS scheduling strategy by enhancing its main branching operations. The resulting HGS-based scheduler is evaluated under the heterogeneity, the large scale and dynamics conditions using a grid simulator. The experimental study showed that the HGS implementation outperforms existing GA-based schedulers proposed in the literature.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

The application of Ants' society algorithm for Management of resources in continuous bilateral auction

Background: The main purpose of this paper is to improve the efficiency of grid computing by means of Ants' society algorithm. Application of this algorithm in various problem led to an improvement in efficiency and reduction in processing time. This enables us to use this algorithm in grid computing. Economic solutions in the field of management of heterogeneous resources for grid computing showed significant performance. The main idea was economic solutions for product exchange in market. This paper aims to introduce a new method for bilateral auction scenario by means of genetic algorithm (GA). In this method, by making resources intelligent, we move the packages of call for proposal so that it can reduce response time as well as being able to supply resources with lower prices. For simplicity in controlling packages, we used the network structure in implementation. Applied structure includes routers and communication of users and auctioners and auctioners and resources owners. The method was implemented using GridSim simulator. This is an open source software written in Java programming language. Results reveal that the method of bilateral auction using GA reduces sale stages and consequently leads to faster responding to requests and also resources are supplied with a lower cost

Strategic oscillation for exploitation and exploration of ACS algorithm for job scheduling in static grid computing

Exploitation and exploration mechanisms are the main components in metaheuristics algorithms. These mechanisms are implemented explicitly in ant colony system algorithm.The rate between the exploitation and exploration mechanisms is controlled using a parameter set by the users of the algorithm. However, the rate remains unchanged during the algorithm iterations, which makes the algorithm either bias toward exploitation or exploration.Hence, this study proposes a strategic oscillation rate to control the exploitation and exploration in ant colony system.The proposed algorithm was evaluated with job scheduling problem benchmarks on grid computing.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other metaheuristics algorithms in terms of makespan and flowtime. The strategic oscillation has improved the exploration and exploitation in ant colony system

Hybrid ant colony system and genetic algorithm approach for scheduling of jobs in computational grid

Metaheuristic algorithms have been used to solve scheduling problems in grid computing.However, stand-alone metaheuristic algorithms do not always show good performance in every problem instance. This study proposes a high level hybrid approach between ant colony system and genetic algorithm for job scheduling in grid computing.The proposed approach is based on a high level hybridization.The proposed hybrid approach is evaluated using the static benchmark problems known as ETC matrix.Experimental results show that the proposed hybridization between the two algorithms outperforms the stand-alone algorithms in terms of best and average makespan values

Benchmark simulator with dynamic environment for job scheduling in grid computing

Job scheduling algorithm has a significant influence on grid computing performance. Characteristics of jobs and resources to be used in evaluating the performance of the scheduling algorithm must reflect the dynamic nature of real grid environment.Static models of jobs and resources cannot be used to generate jobs and resources in simulating the grid environment because of the dynamic nature of the grid.This paper presents a new graph representation of jobs and resources which is practical for hybrid metaheuristic model implementation such as ant colony optimization and genetic algorithm.A dynamic model that can generate jobs and resources similar to the jobs and resources in the real grid environment is also proposed.Jobs and resources may join in or drop out from the grid.Stochastic analysis is performed on the characteristics of jobs and resources.A simulator based on the dynamic expected time to compute, has been developed and can be used as a benchmark.The simulator can generate jobs and resources with the characteristics of jobs and resources in the real grid environment.This will facilitates the evaluation of dynamic job scheduling algorithm

Scheduling jobs in computational grid using hybrid ACS and GA approach

Metaheuristics algorithms show very good performance in solving various job scheduling problems in computational grid systems.However, due to the complexity and heterogeneous nature of resources in grid computing, stand-alone algorithm is not capable to find a good quality solution in reasonable time.This study proposes a hybrid algorithm, specifically ant colony system and genetic algorithm to solve the job scheduling problem.The high level hybridization algorithm will keep the identity of each algorithm in performing the scheduling task.The study focuses on static grid computing environment and the metrics for optimization are the makespan and flowtime.Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other stand-alone algorithms such as ant system, genetic algorithms, and ant colony system for makespan.However, for flowtime, ant system and genetic algorithm perform better

Parallel Simulation of Tasks Scheduling and Scheduling Criteria in High-performance Computing Systems

This work is focused on the issue of job scheduling in a high performance computing systems. The goal is based on the analysis of scheduling models of tasks in grid and cloud, design and implementation of the simulator on the base of GPGPU. The simulator is verified by our own proposed model of job scheduling. The simulator consists of a centralized scheduler that is using GPGPU to process large amounts of data by parallel way. In order to ensure the optimization of the scheduling process we have implemented a simulated annealing algorithm. GPGPU model was compared to the CPU when the number of nodes from 32 to 2048. Improving the implementation based on GPGPU had a significant impact on the system with 512 nodes and with an increasing number of nodes further accelerates in comparison with sequential algorithm. In this work are designed new scheduling criteria which are experimentally evaluated

Hybrid ant colony system algorithm for static and dynamic job scheduling in grid computing

Grid computing is a distributed system with heterogeneous infrastructures. Resource management system (RMS) is one of the most important components which has great influence on the grid computing performance. The main part of RMS is the scheduler algorithm which has the responsibility to map submitted tasks to available resources. The complexity of scheduling problem is considered as a nondeterministic polynomial complete (NP-complete) problem and therefore, an intelligent algorithm is required to achieve better scheduling solution. One of the prominent intelligent algorithms is ant colony system (ACS) which is implemented widely to solve various types of scheduling problems. However, ACS suffers from stagnation problem in medium and large size grid computing system. ACS is based on exploitation and exploration mechanisms where the exploitation is sufficient but the exploration has a deficiency. The exploration in ACS is based on a random approach without any strategy. This study proposed four hybrid algorithms between ACS, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Tabu Search (TS) algorithms to enhance the ACS performance. The algorithms are ACS(GA), ACS+GA, ACS(TS), and ACS+TS. These proposed hybrid algorithms will enhance ACS in terms of exploration mechanism and solution refinement by implementing low and high levels hybridization of ACS, GA, and TS algorithms. The proposed algorithms were evaluated against twelve metaheuristic algorithms in static (expected time to compute model) and dynamic (distribution pattern) grid computing environments. A simulator called ExSim was developed to mimic the static and dynamic nature of the grid computing. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms outperform ACS in terms of best makespan values. Performance of ACS(GA), ACS+GA, ACS(TS), and ACS+TS are better than ACS by 0.35%, 2.03%, 4.65% and 6.99% respectively for static environment. For dynamic environment, performance of ACS(GA), ACS+GA, ACS+TS, and ACS(TS) are better than ACS by 0.01%, 0.56%, 1.16%, and 1.26% respectively. The proposed algorithms can be used to schedule tasks in grid computing with better performance in terms of makespan

An agent-based model of hierarchic genetic search

AbstractAn effective exploration of the large search space by single population genetic-based metaheuristics may be a very time consuming and complex process, especially in the case of dynamic changes in the system states. Speeding up the search process by the metaheuristic parallelisation must have a significant negative impact on the search accuracy.There is still a lack of complete formal models for parallel genetic and evolutionary techniques, which might support the parameter setting and improve the whole (often very complex) structure management.In this paper, we define a mathematical model of Hierarchical Genetic Search (HGS) based on the genetic multi-agent system paradigm. The model has a decentralised population management mechanism and the relationship among the parallel genetic processes has a multi-level tree structure. Each process in this tree is Markov-type and the conditions of the commutation of the Markovian kernels in HGS branches are formulated

Enhancing the genetic-based scheduling in computational grids by a structured hierarchical population

Independent Job Scheduling is one of the most useful versions of scheduling in grid systems. It aims at computing efficient and optimal mapping of jobs and/or applications submitted by independent users to the grid resources. Besides traditional restrictions, mapping of jobs to resources should be computed under high degree of heterogeneity of resources, the large scale and the dynamics of the system. Because of the complexity of the problem, the heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches are the most feasible methods of scheduling in grids due to their ability to deliver high quality solutions in reasonable computing time. One class of such meta-heuristics is Hierarchic Genetic Strategy (HGS). It is defined as a variant of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) which differs from the other genetic methods by its capability of concurrent search of the solution space. In this work, we present an implementation of HGS for Independent Job Scheduling in dynamic grid environments. We consider the bi-objective version of the problem in which makespan and flowtime are simultaneously optimized. Based on our previous work, we improve the HGS scheduling strategy by enhancing its main branching operations. The resulting HGS-based scheduler is evaluated under the heterogeneity, the large scale and dynamics conditions using a grid simulator. The experimental study showed that the HGS implementation outperforms existing GA-based schedulers proposed in the literature.Peer Reviewe