Aggregating building fragments generated from geo-referenced imagery into urban models

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115).Barbara M. Cutler.M.Eng

A local Gaussian filter and adaptive morphology as tools for completing partially discontinuous curves

This paper presents a method for extraction and analysis of curve--type structures which consist of disconnected components. Such structures are found in electron--microscopy (EM) images of metal nanograins, which are widely used in the field of nanosensor technology. The topography of metal nanograins in compound nanomaterials is crucial to nanosensor characteristics. The method of completing such templates consists of three steps. In the first step, a local Gaussian filter is used with different weights for each neighborhood. In the second step, an adaptive morphology operation is applied to detect the endpoints of curve segments and connect them. In the last step, pruning is employed to extract a curve which optimally fits the template

An adaptive algorithm for Internet multimedia delivery in a DiffServ environment.

To meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of multimedia applications and to reduce the network congestion, several service models and mechanisms have been proposed. Among these, Differentiated Service (DiffServ) architecture has been considered as a scalable and flexible QoS architecture for the Internet. DiffServ provides class-based QoS guarantees. Applications in different classes receive different QoS and are priced differently. If network congestion occurs, DiffServ may not be able to guarantee the QoS for the application. Thus, the QoS may not reflect the price paid for the service. A problem of considerable economic and research importance is how to achieve a good price and quality tradeoff even at times of congestion. This thesis presents an Adaptive Class Switching Algorithm (ACSA) which intends to provide good quality with good price for real-time multimedia applications in a DiffServ environment. The ACSA algorithm combines the techniques of Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), DiffServ, and Adaptation together. It also takes both QoS and price into account to provide users a good QoS with a good price. The algorithm dynamically selects the most suitable class based on both the QoS feedback received and the highest user utility. The user utility is a function of quality, price, and the weight which reflects the relative sensitivity to quality and price. The class with the highest user utility is the class that provides the best quality and price tradeoff. The QoS feedback is conveyed by RTP\u27s Control Protocol (RTCP) Receiver Reports. The results of simulation demonstrate that ACSA can react fast to the current class state in the network and reflects the best QoS and price tradeoff. It always seeks to find a class which provides the highest user utility except when the Internet is congested and the required QoS in all classes can not be satisfied. If this happens, the real-time multimedia flow chooses Best-Effort class with no payment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2005 .F46. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-01, page: 0389. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2005

Grouping Uncertain Oriented Projective Geometric Entities with Application to Automatic Building Reconstruction

The fully automatic reconstruction of 3d scenes from a set of 2d images has always been a key issue in photogrammetry and computer vision and has not been solved satisfactory so far. Most of the current approaches match features between the images based on radiometric cues followed by a reconstruction using the image geometry. The motivation for this work is the conjecture that in the presence of highly redundant data it should be possible to recover the scene structure by grouping together geometric primitives in a bottom-up manner. Oriented projective geometry will be used throughout this work, which allows to represent geometric primitives, such as points, lines and planes in 2d and 3d space as well as projective cameras, together with their uncertainty. The first major contribution of the work is the use of uncertain oriented projective geometry, rather than uncertain projective geometry, that enables the representation of more complex compound entities, such as line segments and polygons in 2d and 3d space as well as 2d edgels and 3d facets. Within the uncertain oriented projective framework a procedure is developed, which allows to test pairwise relations between the various uncertain oriented projective entities. Again, the novelty lies in the possibility to check relations between the novel compound entities. The second major contribution of the work is the development of a data structure, specifically designed to enable performing the tests between large numbers of entities in an efficient manner. Being able to efficiently test relations between the geometric entities, a framework for grouping those entities together is developed. Various different grouping methods are discussed. The third major contribution of this work is the development of a novel grouping method that by analyzing the entropy change incurred by incrementally adding observations into an estimation is able to balance efficiency against robustness in order to achieve better grouping results. Finally the applicability of the proposed representations, tests and grouping methods for the task of purely geometry based building reconstruction from oriented aerial images is demonstrated. lt will be shown that in the presence of highly redundant datasets it is possible to achieve reasonable reconstruction results by grouping together geometric primitives.Gruppierung unsicherer orientierter projektiver geometrischer Elemente mit Anwendung in der automatischen Gebäuderekonstruktion Die vollautomatische Rekonstruktion von 3D Szenen aus einer Menge von 2D Bildern war immer ein Hauptanliegen in der Photogrammetrie und Computer Vision und wurde bisher noch nicht zufriedenstellend gelöst. Die meisten aktuellen Ansätze ordnen Merkmale zwischen den Bildern basierend auf radiometrischen Eigenschaften zu. Daran schließt sich dann eine Rekonstruktion auf der Basis der Bildgeometrie an. Die Motivation für diese Arbeit ist die These, dass es möglich sein sollte, die Struktur einer Szene durch Gruppierung geometrischer Primitive zu rekonstruieren, falls die Eingabedaten genügend redundant sind. Orientierte projektive Geometrie wird in dieser Arbeit zur Repräsentation geometrischer Primitive, wie Punkten, Linien und Ebenen in 2D und 3D sowie projektiver Kameras, zusammen mit ihrer Unsicherheit verwendet. Der erste Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Verwendung unsicherer orientierter projektiver Geometrie, anstatt von unsicherer projektiver Geometrie, welche die Repräsentation von komplexeren zusammengesetzten Objekten, wie Liniensegmenten und Polygonen in 2D und 3D sowie 2D Edgels und 3D Facetten, ermöglicht. Innerhalb dieser unsicheren orientierten projektiven Repräsentation wird ein Verfahren zum Testen paarweiser Relationen zwischen den verschiedenen unsicheren orientierten projektiven geometrischen Elementen entwickelt. Dabei liegt die Neuheit wieder in der Möglichkeit, Relationen zwischen den neuen zusammengesetzten Elementen zu prüfen. Der zweite Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer Datenstruktur, welche speziell auf die effiziente Prüfung von solchen Relationen zwischen vielen Elementen ausgelegt ist. Die Möglichkeit zur effizienten Prüfung von Relationen zwischen den geometrischen Elementen erlaubt nun die Entwicklung eines Systems zur Gruppierung dieser Elemente. Verschiedene Gruppierungsmethoden werden vorgestellt. Der dritte Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer neuen Gruppierungsmethode, die durch die Analyse der Änderung der Entropie beim Hinzufügen von Beobachtungen in die Schätzung Effizienz und Robustheit gegeneinander ausbalanciert und dadurch bessere Gruppierungsergebnisse erzielt. Zum Schluss wird die Anwendbarkeit der vorgeschlagenen Repräsentationen, Tests und Gruppierungsmethoden für die ausschließlich geometriebasierte Gebäuderekonstruktion aus orientierten Luftbildern demonstriert. Es wird gezeigt, dass unter der Annahme von hoch redundanten Datensätzen vernünftige Rekonstruktionsergebnisse durch Gruppierung von geometrischen Primitiven erzielbar sind

Grouping Uncertain Oriented Projective Geometric Entities with Application to Automatic Building Reconstruction

The fully automatic reconstruction of 3d scenes from a set of 2d images has always been a key issue in photogrammetry and computer vision and has not been solved satisfactory so far. Most of the current approaches match features between the images based on radiometric cues followed by a reconstruction using the image geometry. The motivation for this work is the conjecture that in the presence of highly redundant data it should be possible to recover the scene structure by grouping together geometric primitives in a bottom-up manner. Oriented projective geometry will be used throughout this work, which allows to represent geometric primitives, such as points, lines and planes in 2d and 3d space as well as projective cameras, together with their uncertainty. The first major contribution of the work is the use of uncertain oriented projective geometry, rather than uncertain projective geometry, that enables the representation of more complex compound entities, such as line segments and polygons in 2d and 3d space as well as 2d edgels and 3d facets. Within the uncertain oriented projective framework a procedure is developed, which allows to test pairwise relations between the various uncertain oriented projective entities. Again, the novelty lies in the possibility to check relations between the novel compound entities. The second major contribution of the work is the development of a data structure, specifically designed to enable performing the tests between large numbers of entities in an efficient manner. Being able to efficiently test relations between the geometric entities, a framework for grouping those entities together is developed. Various different grouping methods are discussed. The third major contribution of this work is the development of a novel grouping method that by analyzing the entropy change incurred by incrementally adding observations into an estimation is able to balance efficiency against robustness in order to achieve better grouping results. Finally the applicability of the proposed representations, tests and grouping methods for the task of purely geometry based building reconstruction from oriented aerial images is demonstrated. It will be shown that in the presence of highly redundant datasets it is possible to achieve reasonable reconstruction results by grouping together geometric primitives.Gruppierung unsicherer orientierter projektiver geometrischer Elemente mit Anwendung in der automatischen Gebäuderekonstruktion Die vollautomatische Rekonstruktion von 3D Szenen aus einer Menge von 2D Bildern war immer ein Hauptanliegen in der Photogrammetrie und Computer Vision und wurde bisher noch nicht zufriedenstellend gelöst. Die meisten aktuellen Ansätze ordnen Merkmale zwischen den Bildern basierend auf radiometrischen Eigenschaften zu. Daran schließt sich dann eine Rekonstruktion auf der Basis der Bildgeometrie an. Die Motivation für diese Arbeit ist die These, dass es möglich sein sollte, die Struktur einer Szene durch Gruppierung geometrischer Primitive zu rekonstruieren, falls die Eingabedaten genügend redundant sind. Orientierte projektive Geometrie wird in dieser Arbeit zur Repräsentation geometrischer Primitive, wie Punkten, Linien und Ebenen in 2D und 3D sowie projektiver Kameras, zusammen mit ihrer Unsicherheit verwendet.Der erste Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Verwendung unsicherer orientierter projektiver Geometrie, anstatt von unsicherer projektiver Geometrie, welche die Repräsentation von komplexeren zusammengesetzten Objekten, wie Liniensegmenten und Polygonen in 2D und 3D sowie 2D Edgels und 3D Facetten, ermöglicht. Innerhalb dieser unsicheren orientierten projektiven Repräsentation wird ein Verfahren zum testen paarweiser Relationen zwischen den verschiedenen unsicheren orientierten projektiven geometrischen Elementen entwickelt. Dabei liegt die Neuheit wieder in der Möglichkeit, Relationen zwischen den neuen zusammengesetzten Elementen zu prüfen. Der zweite Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer Datenstruktur, welche speziell auf die effiziente Prüfung von solchen Relationen zwischen vielen Elementen ausgelegt ist. Die Möglichkeit zur effizienten Prüfung von Relationen zwischen den geometrischen Elementen erlaubt nun die Entwicklung eines Systems zur Gruppierung dieser Elemente. Verschiedene Gruppierungsmethoden werden vorgestellt. Der dritte Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer neuen Gruppierungsmethode, die durch die Analyse der änderung der Entropie beim Hinzufügen von Beobachtungen in die Schätzung Effizienz und Robustheit gegeneinander ausbalanciert und dadurch bessere Gruppierungsergebnisse erzielt. Zum Schluss wird die Anwendbarkeit der vorgeschlagenen Repräsentationen, Tests und Gruppierungsmethoden für die ausschließlich geometriebasierte Gebäuderekonstruktion aus orientierten Luftbildern demonstriert. Es wird gezeigt, dass unter der Annahme von hoch redundanten Datensätzen vernünftige Rekonstruktionsergebnisse durch Gruppierung von geometrischen Primitiven erzielbar sind

Automatic Extraction of Generic House Roofs from High Resolution Aerial Imagery

Denna rapport är en slutredovisning för det Vinnova finansierade utvecklingsprojektet ”Affärsmodell för logistiksystem för överskottslivsmedel - På väg mot en cirkulär ekonomi för matsvinn”. Projektet genomfördes från oktober 2017 till augusti 2018 i samarbete mellan Stockholms Stadsmission, Linköpings universitet och Bring Frigo. Syftet med detta projekt har varit att framta koncept och affärsmodell för ett nationellt logistiksystem för redistribution av funktionellt livsmedelssvinn. Utvecklingen har skett i nära dialog med systemets användare: sociala organisationer, livsmedelsbranschen och transportsektorn. En affärsmodell är en förutsättning för att möjliggöra långsiktig hållbarhet för en storskalig och effektiv lösning för överskottslivsmedel i Sverige. Vi vill rikta ett stort tack till alla de företag och organisationer som under projektets gång bidragit med input och feedback: Aon, Arla, Arvid Nordquist, Atria, Axfood, Bergendahls, Brave Business 2030, Coop, CSCMP, Elvenite, Findus, Food2Change, Frälsningsarmén, GS1, Hela Människan, Know IT, Kronfågel, Lantmännen, Länsförsäkringar, Lidl, Martin & Servera, Menigo, Polar Cape, PostNord, Räddningsmissionen, PwC, Svensk Dagligvaruhandel, Svenska Retursystem, Sveriges Stadsmissioner, Värmestugan Helsingborg och Unilever. Vidare vill vi tacka forskare och examensarbetare vid Linköpings Universitet som medverkat inom ramen för projektet och som bl.a. medverkat vid arbetsmöten, stöttat med kunskap kring uppbyggnad av affärsmodeller, samt hjälpt till i framtagande av olika former av information. Vi vill också tacka anställda inom Stockholms Stadsmission som har bidragit med information och kunskap om befintlig redistribution, kommunikations stöd, inputs på möten och workshops samt praktiskt hjälp i samband med dessa

Optimization techniques for computationally expensive rendering algorithms

Realistic rendering in computer graphics simulates the interactions of light and surfaces. While many accurate models for surface reflection and lighting, including solid surfaces and participating media have been described; most of them rely on intensive computation. Common practices such as adding constraints and assumptions can increase performance. However, they may compromise the quality of the resulting images or the variety of phenomena that can be accurately represented. In this thesis, we will focus on rendering methods that require high amounts of computational resources. Our intention is to consider several conceptually different approaches capable of reducing these requirements with only limited implications in the quality of the results. The first part of this work will study rendering of time-­¿varying participating media. Examples of this type of matter are smoke, optically thick gases and any material that, unlike the vacuum, scatters and absorbs the light that travels through it. We will focus on a subset of algorithms that approximate realistic illumination using images of real world scenes. Starting from the traditional ray marching algorithm, we will suggest and implement different optimizations that will allow performing the computation at interactive frame rates. This thesis will also analyze two different aspects of the generation of anti-­¿aliased images. One targeted to the rendering of screen-­¿space anti-­¿aliased images and the reduction of the artifacts generated in rasterized lines and edges. We expect to describe an implementation that, working as a post process, it is efficient enough to be added to existing rendering pipelines with reduced performance impact. A third method will take advantage of the limitations of the human visual system (HVS) to reduce the resources required to render temporally antialiased images. While film and digital cameras naturally produce motion blur, rendering pipelines need to explicitly simulate it. This process is known to be one of the most important burdens for every rendering pipeline. Motivated by this, we plan to run a series of psychophysical experiments targeted at identifying groups of motion-­¿blurred images that are perceptually equivalent. A possible outcome is the proposal of criteria that may lead to reductions of the rendering budgets

In-situ Investigation of the Oil-Water Interface Under Dynamic Conditions

This thesis describes the development of a new technique targeting interfacial measurements of liquid-liquid systems in practical scenarios: movement in the sample, low Bond number systems or systems which are physically constrained. A holm meridian is formed around a submerged sphere, producing an axisymmetric interface with pronounced curvature to which shape-fitting methodologies are applied. The technique has been used successfully in three dynamic conditions: microwave heating, magnetization and chemical reactions