Enumerating kk-arc-connected orientations

12 pagesWe study the problem of enumerating the $k$-arc-connected orientations of a graph $G$, i.e., generating each exactly once. A first algorithm using submodular flow optimization is easy to state, but intricate to implement. In a second approach we present a simple algorithm with delay $O(knm^2)$ and amortized time $O(m^2)$, which improves over the analysis of the submodular flow algorithm. As ingredients, we obtain enumeration algorithms for the $\alpha$-orientations of a graph $G$ in delay $O(m^2)$ and for the outdegree sequences attained by $k$-arc-connected orientations of $G$ in delay $O(knm^2)$

The Right to Relate: A Lecture on the Importance of “Orientation” in Comparative Sexual Orientation Law

The right to establish and develop relationships with other human beings was first articulated—as an aspect of the right to respect for private life— by the European Commission of Human Rights in 1976. Since then such a right has been recognized in similar words by national and international courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court (Roberts v. United States Jaycees), the European Court of Human Rights (Niemietz v. Germany), the Constitutional Court of South Africa (National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality v. Minister of Justice), and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Fernández Ortega v. Mexico). This lecture traces the origins of this right, linking it to the meaning of the word orientation and to the basic psychological need for love, affection, and belongingness. It proposes to speak of the right to relate and argues that this right can be seen as the common theme in all issues of sexual orientation law (ranging from decriminalization and anti-discrimination to the recognition of refugees and of same-sex parenting). This right can be used as the common denominator in the comparative study of all those laws in the world that are anti-homosexual or that are same-sex-friendly. The right to establish (same-sex) relationships implies both a right to come out and a right to come together. The right to develop (same-sex) relationships is being made operational through legal respect, legal protection, legal recognition, legal formalization, and legal recognition of foreign formalization

Efficient enumeration of graph orientations with sources

International audienceAn orientation of an undirected graph is obtained by assigning a direction to each of its edges. It is called cyclic when a directed cycle appears, and acyclic otherwise. We study efficient algorithms for enumerating the orientations of an undirected graph. To get the full picture, we consider both the cases of acyclic and cyclic orientations, under some rules specifying which nodes are the sources (i.e. their incident edges are all directed outwards). Our enumeration algorithms use linear space and provide new bounds for the delay, which is the maximum elapsed time between the output of any two consecutively listed solutions. We obtain a delay of O(m) for acyclic orientations and ˜Oand˜ and˜O(m) for cyclic ones. When just a single source is specified, these delays become O(m · n) and O(m · h + h 3), respectively, where h is the girth of the graph without the given source. When multiple sources are specified, the delays are the same as in the single source case.

New Industries in Southeast Asia’s Late Industrialization: Evolution versus Creation - The Automation Industry in Penang (Malaysia) considered

Discourse on industry development and policy practice in late industrialization countries in East and Southeast Asia has predominantly tended to relate the emergence of new industries to ‘creation’ by the state and thereby to the role of state intervention or involvement in industrial growth and restructuring. On the other hand the role and position of (local) entrepreneurship in the genesis of new industries has been rather neglected, as little room was perceived for ‘autonomous’ development. Southeast Asian late industrialization is currently being confronted with the limits of development and expansion of specific (FDI-driven) export industries and thus with the necessity to devise new growth paths in industry (on the basis of high tech industries). This compels a reconsideration of policy practice and perceptions of modes of industry development on which it is based. In this paper we argue that a state-orchestrated ‘creation’ of priority industries is not the only possible route to new high tech industries in Southeast Asian late industrialization. This emanates from an analysis - based on field research - of the emergence and development of a recent growth industry in Malaysia, i.e. the manufacturing of automated equipment (or, automation industry) and its constituent firms in the Penang region. The analysis demonstrates that the mode of development of this industry conforms rather well to a number of notions from evolutionary economics on firm genesis and development in new industries. This suggests that successful industrial policies can be based on supporting an evolutionary ‘birth and development’ path, i.e. industry genesis and evolution as a more or less autonomous incremental process of the development of firms and their capabilities.industrial policy, late industrialization, automation industry, Malaysia, co-evolution, spin-out, diversification

Connections between New Hampshire superintendents\u27 leadership orientations and their perceptions of selected issues associated with politics in education

Many Americans, including educational professionals, eschew politics in classrooms, administrative offices, or any interaction with the educational system. The apolitical myth has it roots in the struggle for public schooling by common school crusaders like Horace Mann and Henry Barnard and continuing in the twentieth century with adoption of Frederick Taylor\u27s scientific management principles. Despite commonly held notions of the separateness and distance between politics and education, this study concludes that politics in education is inevitable. The purpose of the study is to uncover connections between superintendents\u27 leadership orientations and their political behaviors and beliefs using a multiple perspectives approach. Bolman and Deal\u27s (1984, 1992, 1997) typology of leadership theories postulated into four frames or ways of seeing (structural, human resource, political, and symbolic) serves as the conceptual framework. Frames as cognitive lenses open superintendents to viewing a broader range of potential and influential actions. Research establishing multiple perspectives recognizes the desirability for developing cognitive complexity (Bensimon, Neumann, & Birnbaum, 1989). Developing superintendents\u27 cognitive complexity, the ability to move within frames, support challenges of change, uncertainty, and ambiguity inherent in the superintendency. This inquiry into the politics of education seeks the perspective of one of the major actors, the school superintendent. Using survey methodology, school superintendents in New Hampshire identify their leadership orientations and their perceptions of the political resources and actions used to influence outcomes in their school districts. This study concludes that New Hampshire superintendents are not unlike superintendents nationally in identifying the human resource frame as their dominant frame. Patterns of leadership orientations categorize into those focused on two frames and those distributed over three frames. Unlike findings from many studies, sixty-one percent of New Hampshire superintendents\u27 leadership orientations are distributed over three frames. Despite lower orientation rates for a political frame perspective, New Hampshire superintendents actively engage in politics

China’s Struggle against Covid-19: Crisis Management under Analysis

The Chinese government combat against the dissemination of the new coronavirus1 should be seen as a case study capable of explaining the political system and the country s economic model taking into consideration the strategies adopted by the Communist Party of China CPC fundamentally supported in science and technology Based on the understanding that the management of the sanitary crisis should be seen as an example of public policy action this paper is to present the importance of communication and coordination to overcome the challenges to civil society by the pandemic through administrative mechanisms and organizational structures This analysis considers the governance of the Chinese state in combating disease as a disruptive process and aims to share practical solutions from the instruments used such as the industrial conversion the mobilization of the workforce the QR code and the Social Credit System SCS among others For such analysis we will take into consideration the adopted actions during pandemic crises contextualizing it into China s historical and cultural aspects as well as the referent CPC s policies inserting the global conjuncture to point the direction to be followed in a post-covid-19 scenario contesting the social stigma against the country and its peopl

The External Dimension of EU Justice and Home Affairs: Tools, Processes, Outcomes

This working document offers a conceptual framework for understanding the processes underpinning the external dimension of EU Justice and Home Affairs (ED-JHA). Practically, it defines how the export of JHA principles and norms inform the geopolitical ambitions of the EU, i.e. the use of space for political purposes, or the control and management of people, objects and movement. The author begins by investigating how the ENP reconfigures the ED-JHA, and then goes on to discuss various conceptual stances on governance, specifically institutionalism, constructivism, and policy instruments. To conclude he traces the evolution of this external dimension, emphasising, whenever possible, its continuities and bifurcations. Overall, the aim is to ascertain the extent to which conceptual designs clarify or advance our knowledge of the contents and rationales of the ED-JHA.neighbourhood policy, international politics, geopolitics, migration,immigration, European security, policy instruments, governance, Security and Justice,Justice and Home Affairs

Enumerating k-connected orientations

Treballs Finals de Grau de Matemàtiques, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2021, Director: Kolja Knauer[en] This thesis aims to study an enumeration algorithm for the k-connected orientations of a given graph, both from the theoretic perspective as well as in terms of implementation. The latter had not been done before. The process has been divided into two parts. Firstly, generating a first k-connected orientation from a 2k-connected multi-graph, and secondly using the enumeration algorithms presented by Blind, Knauer and Valicov. Finally, for the computational part, a SageMath library with the implementation is presented, to generate the entire set of k-connected orientations, with a planned SageMath core contribution