Cyber physical systems dependability using cps-iot monitoring

Recently, vast investments have been made worldwide in developing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) as solutions to key socio-economic challenges. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has also enjoyed widespread adoption, mostly for its ability to add “sensing” and “actuation” capabilities to existing CPS infrastructures. However, attention must be paid to the impact of IoT protocols on the dependability of CPS infrastructures. We address the issues of CPS dependability by using an epidemic model of the underlying dynamics within the CPS’ IoT subsystem (CPS-IoT) and an interferenceaware routing reconfiguration. These help to efficiently monitor CPS infrastructure—avoiding routing oscillation, while improving its safety. The contributions of this paper are threefold. Firstly, a CPS orchestration model is proposed that relies upon: (i) Inbound surveillance and outbound actuation to improve dependability and (ii) a novel information diffusion model that uses epidemic states and diffusion sets to produce diffusion patterns across the CPS-IoT

A survey of urban drive-by sensing: An optimization perspective

Pervasive and mobile sensing is an integral part of smart transport and smart city applications. Vehicle-based mobile sensing, or drive-by sensing (DS), is gaining popularity in both academic research and field practice. The DS paradigm has an inherent transport component, as the spatial-temporal distribution of the sensors are closely related to the mobility patterns of their hosts, which may include third-party (e.g. taxis, buses) or for-hire (e.g. unmanned aerial vehicles and dedicated vehicles) vehicles. It is therefore essential to understand, assess and optimize the sensing power of vehicle fleets under a wide range of urban sensing scenarios. To this end, this paper offers an optimization-oriented summary of recent literature by presenting a four-step discussion, namely (1) quantifying the sensing quality (objective); (2) assessing the sensing power of various fleets (strategic); (3) sensor deployment (strategic/tactical); and (4) vehicle maneuvers (tactical/operational). By compiling research findings and practical insights in this way, this review article not only highlights the optimization aspect of drive-by sensing, but also serves as a practical guide for configuring and deploying vehicle-based urban sensing systems.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, 4 table

The cloud-to-edge-to-IoT continuum as an enabler for search and rescue operations

When a natural or human disaster occurs, time is critical and often of vital importance. Data from the incident area containing the information to guide search and rescue (SAR) operations and improve intervention effectiveness should be collected as quickly as possible and with the highest accuracy possible. Nowadays, rescuers are assisted by different robots able to fly, climb or crawl, and with different sensors and wireless communication means. However, the heterogeneity of devices and data together with the strong low-delay requirements cause these technologies not yet to be used at their highest potential. Cloud and Edge technologies have shown the capability to offer support to the Internet of Things (IoT), complementing it with additional resources and functionalities. Nonetheless, building a continuum from the IoT to the edge and to the cloud is still an open challenge. SAR operations would benefit strongly from such a continuum. Distributed applications and advanced resource orchestration solutions over the continuum in combination with proper software stacks reaching out to the edge of the network may enhance the response time and effective intervention for SAR operation. The challenges for SAR operations, the technologies, and solutions for the cloud-to-edge-to-IoT continuum will be discussed in this paper

From MANET to people-centric networking: Milestones and open research challenges

In this paper, we discuss the state of the art of (mobile) multi-hop ad hoc networking with the aim to present the current status of the research activities and identify the consolidated research areas, with limited research opportunities, and the hot and emerging research areas for which further research is required. We start by briefly discussing the MANET paradigm, and why the research on MANET protocols is now a cold research topic. Then we analyze the active research areas. Specifically, after discussing the wireless-network technologies, we analyze four successful ad hoc networking paradigms, mesh networks, opportunistic networks, vehicular networks, and sensor networks that emerged from the MANET world. We also present an emerging research direction in the multi-hop ad hoc networking field: people centric networking, triggered by the increasing penetration of the smartphones in everyday life, which is generating a people-centric revolution in computing and communications

UAV Cloud Platform for Precision Farming

A new application for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles comes to light daily to solve some of modern society’s problems. One of the mentioned predicaments is the possibility for optimization in agricultural processes. Due to this, a new area arose in the last years of the twentieth century, and it is in constant progression called Precision Farming. Nowadays, a division of this field growth is relative to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles applications. Most traditional methods employed by farmers are ineffective and do not aid in the progression and solution of these issues. However, there are some fields that have the possibility to enhance many agriculture methods, such fields are Cyber-Physical Systems and Cloud Computing. Given its capabilities like aerial surveillance and mapping, Cyber- Physical Systems like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are being used to monitor vast crops, to gather insightful data thatwould take a lot more time if being collected by hand. However, these systems typically lack computing power and storage capacity, meaning that much of its gathered data cannot be stored and further analyzed locally. That is the obstacle that Cloud Computing can solve. With the possibility to offload computing power by sending the collected data to a cloud, it is possible to leverage the enormous computing power and storage capabilities of remote data-centers to gather and analyze these datasets. This dissertation proposes an architecture for this use case by leveraging the advantages of Cloud Computing to aid the obstacles of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Moreover, this dissertation is a collaboration with an on-going Horizon 2020 European project that deals with precision farming and agriculture enhanced by Cyber-Physical Systems.A cada dia que passa, novas aplicações para Veículos aéreos não tripulados são inventadas, de forma a resolver alguns dos problemas actuais da sociedade. Um desses problemas, é a possibilidade de otimização em processos agrículas. Devido a isto, nos últimos anos do século 20 nasceu uma nova área de investigação intitulada Agricultura de alta precisão. Hoje em dia, uma secção desta área diz respeito à inovação nas aplicações com recurso a Veículos aéreos não tripulados. A maioria dos métodos tradicionais usados por agricultores são ineficientes e não auxiliam nem a evolução nem a resolução destes problemas. Contudo, existem algumas áreas científicas que permitem a evoluçao de algumos métodos agrículas, estas áreas são os Sistemas Ciber-Físicos e a Computação na Nuvem. Dadas as suas capacidades tais como a vigilância e mapeamento aéreo, certos Sistemas Ciber-Físicos como os Veículos aéreos não tripulados estão a ser usados para monitorizar vastas culturas de forma a recolher dados que levariam muito mais tempo caso fossem recolhidos manualmente. No entanto, estes sistemas geralmente não detêm grandes capacidades de computação e armazenamento, o que significa que muitos dos dados recolhidos não podem ser armazenados e analisados localmente. É aí que a Computação na Nuvem é útil, com a possibilidade de enviar estes dados para uma nuvem, é possível aproveitar o enorme poder de computação e os recursos de armazenamento dos datacenters remotos para armazenar e analisar estes conjuntos de dados. Esta dissertação propõe uma arquitetura para este caso de uso ao fazer uso das vantagens da Computação na Nuvem de forma a combater os obstáculos dos Veículos aéreos não tripulados. Além disso, esta dissertação é também uma colaboração com um projecto Europeu Horizonte 2020 na área da Agricultura de alta precisão com recurso a Veículos aéreos não tripulados

Space Systems: Emerging Technologies and Operations

SPACE SYSTEMS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND OPERATIONS is our seventh textbook in a series covering the world of UASs / CUAS/ UUVs. Other textbooks in our series are Drone Delivery of CBNRECy – DEW Weapons: Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption (WMDD); Disruptive Technologies with applications in Airline, Marine, Defense Industries; Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations On Air, Sea, Land; Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems Technologies and Operations; Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Cyber Domain: Protecting USA’s Advanced Air Assets, 2nd edition; and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the Cyber Domain Protecting USA\u27s Advanced Air Assets, 1st edition. Our previous six titles have received considerable global recognition in the field. (Nichols & Carter, 2022) (Nichols et al., 2021) (Nichols R. K. et al., 2020) (Nichols R. et al., 2020) (Nichols R. et al., 2019) (Nichols R. K., 2018) Our seventh title takes on a new purview of Space. Let\u27s think of Space as divided into four regions. These are Planets, solar systems, the great dark void (which fall into the purview of astronomers and astrophysics), and the Dreamer Region. The earth, from a measurement standpoint, is the baseline of Space. It is the purview of geographers, engineers, scientists, politicians, and romantics. Flying high above the earth are Satellites. Military and commercial organizations govern their purview. The lowest altitude at which air resistance is low enough to permit a single complete, unpowered orbit is approximately 80 miles (125 km) above the earth\u27s surface. Normal Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite launches range between 99 miles (160 km) to 155 miles (250 km). Satellites in higher orbits experience less drag and can remain in Space longer in service. Geosynchronous orbit is around 22,000 miles (35,000 km). However, orbits can be even higher. UASs (Drones) have a maximum altitude of about 33,000 ft (10 km) because rotating rotors become physically limiting. (Nichols R. et al., 2019) Recreational drones fly at or below 400 ft in controlled airspace (Class B, C, D, E) and are permitted with prior authorization by using a LAANC or DroneZone. Recreational drones are permitted to fly at or below 400 ft in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace. (FAA, 2022) However, between 400 ft and 33,000 ft is in the purview of DREAMERS. In the DREAMERS region, Space has its most interesting technological emergence. We see emerging technologies and operations that may have profound effects on humanity. This is the mission our book addresses. We look at the Dreamer Region from three perspectives:1) a Military view where intelligence, jamming, spoofing, advanced materials, and hypersonics are in play; 2) the Operational Dreamer Region; whichincludes Space-based platform vulnerabilities, trash, disaster recovery management, A.I., manufacturing, and extended reality; and 3) the Humanitarian Use of Space technologies; which includes precision agriculture wildlife tracking, fire risk zone identification, and improving the global food supply and cattle management. Here’s our book’s breakdown: SECTION 1 C4ISR and Emerging Space Technologies. C4ISR stands for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance. Four chapters address the military: Current State of Space Operations; Satellite Killers and Hypersonic Drones; Space Electronic Warfare, Jamming, Spoofing, and ECD; and the challenges of Manufacturing in Space. SECTION 2: Space Challenges and Operations covers in five chapters a wide purview of challenges that result from operations in Space, such as Exploration of Key Infrastructure Vulnerabilities from Space-Based Platforms; Trash Collection and Tracking in Space; Leveraging Space for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management; Bio-threats to Agriculture and Solutions From Space; and rounding out the lineup is a chapter on Modelling, Simulation, and Extended Reality. SECTION 3: Humanitarian Use of Space Technologies is our DREAMERS section. It introduces effective use of Drones and Precision Agriculture; and Civilian Use of Space for Environmental, Wildlife Tracking, and Fire Risk Zone Identification. SECTION 3 is our Hope for Humanity and Positive Global Change. Just think if the technologies we discuss, when put into responsible hands, could increase food production by 1-2%. How many more millions of families could have food on their tables? State-of-the-Art research by a team of fifteen SMEs is incorporated into our book. We trust you will enjoy reading it as much as we have in its writing. There is hope for the future.https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/1047/thumbnail.jp

A Dynamical System Approach for Resource-Constrained Mobile Robotics

The revolution of autonomous vehicles has led to the development of robots with abundant sensors, actuators with many degrees of freedom, high-performance computing capabilities, and high-speed communication devices. These robots use a large volume of information from sensors to solve diverse problems. However, this usually leads to a significant modeling burden as well as excessive cost and computational requirements. Furthermore, in some scenarios, sophisticated sensors may not work precisely, the real-time processing power of a robot may be inadequate, the communication among robots may be impeded by natural or adversarial conditions, or the actuation control in a robot may be insubstantial. In these cases, we have to rely on simple robots with limited sensing and actuation, minimal onboard processing, moderate communication, and insufficient memory capacity. This reality motivates us to model simple robots such as bouncing and underactuated robots making use of the dynamical system techniques. In this dissertation, we propose a four-pronged approach for solving tasks in resource-constrained scenarios: 1) Combinatorial filters for bouncing robot localization; 2) Bouncing robot navigation and coverage; 3) Stochastic multi-robot patrolling; and 4) Deployment and planning of underactuated aquatic robots. First, we present a global localization method for a bouncing robot equipped with only a clock and contact sensors. Space-efficient and finite automata-based combinatorial filters are synthesized to solve the localization task by determining the robot’s pose (position and orientation) in its environment. Second, we propose a solution for navigation and coverage tasks using single or multiple bouncing robots. The proposed solution finds a navigation plan for a single bouncing robot from the robot’s initial pose to its goal pose with limited sensing. Probabilistic paths from several policies of the robot are combined artfully so that the actual coverage distribution can become as close as possible to a target coverage distribution. A joint trajectory for multiple bouncing robots to visit all the locations of an environment is incrementally generated. Third, a scalable method is proposed to find stochastic strategies for multi-robot patrolling under an adversarial and communication-constrained environment. Then, we evaluate the vulnerability of our patrolling policies by finding the probability of capturing an adversary for a location in our proposed patrolling scenarios. Finally, a data-driven deployment and planning approach is presented for the underactuated aquatic robots called drifters that creates the generalized flow pattern of the water, develops a Markov-chain based motion model, and studies the long- term behavior of a marine environment from a flow point-of-view. In a broad summary, our dynamical system approach is a unique solution to typical robotic tasks and opens a new paradigm for the modeling of simple robotics system

Design and implementation of an uplink connection for a light-based IoT node

Abstract. In the wake of soaring demand for shrinking radio frequency (RF) spectrum, light-fidelity (LiFi) has been heralded as a solution to accommodate resources for future communication networks. Infrared (IR) and visible light communication (VLC) are meant to be used within LiFi because of numerous advantages. By combining the paradigm of internet of things (IoT) along with LiFi, light-based IoT (LIoT) emerges as a potential enabler of future 6G networks. With tremendous number of interconnected devices, LIoT nodes need to be able to receive and transmit data while being energy autonomous. One of the most promising clean energy sources comes from both natural and artificial light. In addition to providing illumination and energy, light can also be utilized as a robust information carrier. In order to provide bidirectional connectivity to LIoT node, both downlink and uplink have to be taken into consideration. Whereas downlink relies on visible light as a carrier, uplink approach can be engineered freely within specific requirements. With this in mind, this master’s thesis explores possible solutions for providing uplink connectivity. After analysis of possible solutions, the LIoT proof-of-concept was designed, implemented and validated. By incorporating printed solar cell, dedicated energy harvesting unit, power-optimised microcontroller unit (MCU) and light intensity sensor the LIoT node is able to autonomously transmit data using IR