Potential of Archimedes Screw Turbine in Rural India Electrification: a Review

With the growing population of India, the demand for energy consumption is increasing. For the overall development of a region, especially remote areas, electricity is of prime importance. Production of electricity in large scale can further lead to various effects like environmental pollution, climate change and it is also costly. Thus the need for a socio-economic energy conversion to electricity is of prime importance for a sustainable development. India has a huge potential in the Hydro to generate 2,50,000 MW. An Archimedes Screw Turbine that was earlier used as a pump can give a very good solution in harnessing water potential. It rotates as water flows through it, rotating the generator\u27s prime mover connected to it. Archimedes Screw turbines operate at a low head of 0.8m to 10 m and relatively lower flow rate than the other turbines and more cost effective and are highly efficient. The AST is quite a new form of electricity generation practice which has been implemented in different countries along with India. Thus the electrification scenario in rural areas can be improved specially where there is a continuous flow of a river or canal by the installation of the low-cost socio-economic AST

Analysis of Performance of Permanent Magnet Generator Fluks Axial 1 Phasa with Variation Load

With the potential of low water head energy and relatively small water discharge then it takes a low round generator to be applied to the potential of existing energy. The development of Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG), being an alternative considering the pole construction of the rotor is relatively simple compared to conventional generators, so it is technically required a more number of rotor poles in the effort to lower the speed The nominal dial generator. The purpose of this research is to analyze the 1-phase axial generator performance with varied resistive loads and inductive loads. This research has 4 stages of research: 1). Study literature.  2). Carried out testing tools. 3). Measurement of data retrieval.  4). Data analysis. From this research obtained results from the tools and measurements of the data retrieval of the performance of axial generator 1 phase with inductive and resistive load Vaiasi. Load mounted 15 watts, voltage 35.10, current 0.80, RPM 2550 when load 75 Waat, Voltage 11.50, current 1.54, RPM 2220. From these results can be concluded axial generator 1 phase currents also get bigger but voltage and rpm decreases

Potential of Archimedes Screw Turbine in Rural India Electrification: A Review

With the growing population of India, the demand for energy consumption is increasing. For the overall development of a region, especially remote areas, electricity is of prime importance. Production of electricity in large scale can further lead to various effects like environmental pollution, climate change and it is also costly. Thus the need for a socio-economic energy conversion to electricity is of prime importance for a sustainable development. India has a huge potential in the Hydro to generate 2,50,000 MW. An Archimedes Screw Turbine that was earlier used as a pump can give a very good solution in harnessing water potential. It rotates as water flows through it, rotating the generator's prime mover connected to it. Archimedes Screw turbines operate at a low head of 0.8m to 10 m and relatively lower flow rate than the other turbines and more cost-effective and are highly efficient. The AST is quite a new form of electricity generation practice which has been implemented in different countries along with India. Thus the electrification scenario in rural areas can be improved specially where there is a continuous flow of a river or canal by the installation of the low-cost socio-economic AST

The Effect of Laying Nozzle Distance Position on Operational Results Renewable Power Plant Pico-Hydro

New and renewable energy sources today and in the future are human needs that need to be sought and explored from all existing nature, especially in countries with many sources of application, such as Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelago country that has a vast nature with abundant alternative energy sources such as river flow, irrigation which can be used as a source of energy for pico-hydro power plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of pico-hydro with a test model for the position of nozzle position mounted on the pico-hydro using screw Archimedes turbine. The research method is carried out by direct experimentation from a tool that has been made using water fluid that is circulated continuously as if in actual operating conditions. The results of this research show that the positioning of the nozzle distance as the water output to drive the turbine blades affect operational results obtained. The farther distance from nozzle position to thread, the power and rotation also decrease, on the other hand, if nozzle is too close, the water sprayed by nozzle causes a back force of water so that the results are not optimal. In this research, the greatest power is generated at a nozzle distance of 4 cm, which is 230 Watt at a flow rate of 24 m3/h, and the lowest power is obtained at 44 Watt at flow rate of 2 m3/h where this position is ideal for pico-hydro installation. The best turbine shaft rotation in this study was produced at a nozzle distance of 4 cm which is 195 rpm, in this condition the spray of water flowing out of the tip of the nozzle towards the screw blade of the first part of the turbine which hits the sidelines of the screw occurs without resistance

The Effect of Laying Nozzle Distance Position on Operational Results Renewable Power Plant Pico-Hydro

New and renewable energy sources today and in the future are human needs that need to be sought and explored from all existing nature, especially in countries with many sources of application, such as Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelago country that has a vast nature with abundant alternative energy sources such as river flow, irrigation which can be used as a source of energy for pico-hydro power plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of pico-hydro with a test model for the position of nozzle position mounted on the pico-hydro using screw Archimedes turbine. The research method is carried out by direct experimentation from a tool that has been made using water fluid that is circulated continuously as if in actual operating conditions. The results of this research show that the positioning of the nozzle distance as the water output to drive the turbine blades affect operational results obtained. The farther distance from nozzle position to thread, the power and rotation also decrease, on the other hand, if nozzle is too close, the water sprayed by nozzle causes a back force of water so that the results are not optimal. In this research, the greatest power is generated at a nozzle distance of 4 cm, which is 230 Watt at a flow rate of 24 m3/h, and the lowest power is obtained at 44 Watt at flow rate of 2 m3/h where this position is ideal for pico-hydro installation. The best turbine shaft rotation in this study was produced at a nozzle distance of 4 cm which is 195 rpm, in this condition the spray of water flowing out of the tip of the nozzle towards the screw blade of the first part of the turbine which hits the sidelines of the screw occurs without resistance

Analysis of the local energy potential connection with power plants based on archimedes turbine 10 kW

Research on the availability of water potential for the development of power plants with various scales and types of power plants has been done. Since most existing water sources have small discharges and low heads, this study aimed at designing a micro-hydropower center as one of the ways the electrical energy crisis could be avoided, with one of the renewable energy potentials, namely the potential energy of water in Micro Hydro Power Plant. Further studies were related to water resources to Micro Hydro Power Plants (MHPP) construction, especially Archimedes screw turbines guide parameters that corresponded to flow velocity, channel cross-section, and flow volume. It aimed to connect the local energy potential to the output power of the Archimedes screw turbine. The methods used for this study were 1. Observation 2. Data collection, and 3. Data Analysis. The study was carried out using an observation method that adopted field data collection techniques assisted by measuring equipment to collect data coverage that refers to related parameters. The power available on the channel resulted was 946 kW, and the power generated in the turbine was 5.9 kW

DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF A PICO-HYDRO SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN TANZANIA

The demand for electricity has rapidly risen in rural Tanzania due to the spread of mobile phones. In a rural village in southern Tanzania, we collaborated with a group of villagers to develop a pico-hydro system with a screw turbine and introduced it to a flat plateau with a low water head. The power generation system was designed to take advantage of the fluvial environment and gentle slopes to counteract the drastic changes in water level that can occur throughout Africa. The project began in 2010 with a pico-hydro system using a traditional Japanese screw turbine, resulting in successful power generation in 2012. This study clarified key considerations in developing a community-based pico-hydro system. Low cost, locally sourced materials and equipment are advantageous. A lightweight screw turbine power generation system is transportable to meet changing water levels. Easy reproduction and/or modification can meet changing needs. The proposed system could provide stable electrical power for lights and mobile phones. Additionally, the cooperative exchange promoted by the project inspired the local people to create their own environmental groups to take on activities that supported sustainable natural resource use

Tidal energy machines: A comparative life cycle assessment

Marine energy in the UK is currently undergoing a period of exponential growth in terms of development and implementation. The current installed tidal energy capacity of around 4MW is expected to rise to provide up to 20% of the UK’s electricity demand by 2050 [5]. With this in mind, there is a huge range of energy devices, all seemingly promoted by their developers as the best method of extracting power from the ocean. Embodied energy is an important aspect of any power producing device or process, and is used to describe the amount of energy required to begin and maintain the process of energy generation. Until a device or process has generated this amount of energy it cannot be said to be a net contributor of energy. This work used Life Cycle Assessment to study four tidal energy devices, representing a cross section of the existing designs, and compares their embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions. In order to ensure a fair comparison, a hypothetical installation site is used, with conditions typical of those found at potential array installation sites in the UK. The designs studied include a multi-blade turbine, two three blade horizontal axis turbine machines, and an Archimedes’ screw device. These machines were chosen to represent a cross section of device, foundation, installation and operation designs. They have all been developed to prototype stage, meaning that actual manufacturing data is available. Embodied energy is considered over the entire lifetime of each device, beginning with extraction of raw materials. Energy use from fabrication, transport, installation, lifetime maintenance, end-of-life decommissioning and recycling are all calculated, and compared to the energy generation from each device at the test site. Finally, the embodied energy; CO2 intensity; and energy payback periods are compared to those of conventional power generating systems as well as other renewable energy sources. A range of data sources are used. Embodied energy of steel has been provided by the World Steel Association. Of the four devices studied, all were found to achieve CO2 and energy payback within the first 12 years of their lifetime, and exhibited CO2 intensity of between 18 and 35 gCO2/kWh. This compares favourably to many current energy sources, and is likely to fall as technology improves, array size increases and industry experience progresses

Heat and Light in the City of the Future: A Feasibility Study of Renewable Energy in Lewiston, Maine

Urban energy systems are critical to mitigating and adapting to climate change. Cities demand massive amounts of both heat and electricity, but conventional methods of creating this energy release large amounts of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Effectively addressing climate change requires that these energy systems be transitioned to low-carbon alternatives as quickly as possible. Hybrid distributed renewable energy systems can be implemented within the urban framework to produce local renewable energy efficiently and affordably. The proposed system, composed of multiple types of small renewable energy generators located around the city, provides significant reductions in energy cost and greenhouse gas emissions, increases the stability of the local electrical supply, hardens the grid to physical and cyber-attacks, and generates income for the city. This study identifies four types of renewable heat and energy generators suitable to the urban environment of Lewiston, a small city in central Maine. Solar, microhydropower, and conduit hydropower are considered for energy generation, and air-source heat pumps and electric resistance heaters are suggested as ways to sustainably produce heat. The hybrid distributed renewable energy system modeled in the paper can completely heat and power the city’s residential buildings and more than cover our commercial electricity usage at a cost significantly lower than current energy prices and with 90% fewer greenhouse gas emissions than our baseline energy use. This paper proves that updating urban energy infrastructure is both a feasible and necessary step towards lowering energy costs and fighting climate change

CFD Modelling and Simulation of Water Turbines

The design and development of water turbines requires accurate methods for performance prediction. Numerical methods and modelling are becoming increasingly important tools to achieve better designs and more efficient turbines, reducing the time required in physical model testing. This book is focused on applying numerical simulations and models for water turbines to predict tool their performance. In this Special Issue, the different contributions of this book are classified into three state-of-the-art Topics: discussing the modelling of pump-turbines, the simulation of horizontal and vertical axis turbines for hydrokinetic applications and the modelling of hydropower plants. All the contributions to this book demonstrate the importance of the modelling and simulation of water turbines for hydropower energy. This new generation of models and simulations will play a major role in the global energy transition and energy crisis, and, of course, in the mitigation of climate change