Natural language processing

Beginning with the basic issues of NLP, this chapter aims to chart the major research activities in this area since the last ARIST Chapter in 1996 (Haas, 1996), including: (i) natural language text processing systems - text summarization, information extraction, information retrieval, etc., including domain-specific applications; (ii) natural language interfaces; (iii) NLP in the context of www and digital libraries ; and (iv) evaluation of NLP systems

Data collection methods for task-based information access in molecular medicine

An important area of improving access to health information is the study of task-based information access in the health domain. This is a significant challenge towards developing focused information retrieval (IR) systems. Due to the complexities of this context, its study requires multiple and often tedious means of data collection, which yields a lot of data for analysis, but also allows triangulation so as to increase the reliability of the findings. In addition to traditional means of data collection, such as questionnaires, interviews and observation, there are novel opportunities provided by lifelogging technologies such as the SenseCam. Together they yield an understanding of information needs, the sources used, and their access strategies. The present paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional and the more novel means of data collection and addresses the challenges in their application in molecular medicine, which intensively uses digital information sources

Deriving query suggestions for site search

Modern search engines have been moving away from simplistic interfaces that aimed at satisfying a user's need with a single-shot query. Interactive features are now integral parts of web search engines. However, generating good query modification suggestions remains a challenging issue. Query log analysis is one of the major strands of work in this direction. Although much research has been performed on query logs collected on the web as a whole, query log analysis to enhance search on smaller and more focused collections has attracted less attention, despite its increasing practical importance. In this article, we report on a systematic study of different query modification methods applied to a substantial query log collected on a local website that already uses an interactive search engine. We conducted experiments in which we asked users to assess the relevance of potential query modification suggestions that have been constructed using a range of log analysis methods and different baseline approaches. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of log analysis to extract query modification suggestions. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that a more fine-grained approach than grouping search requests into sessions allows for extraction of better refinement terms from query log files. © 2013 ASIS&T

Análise de assunto a partir de uma perspectiva histórica do ARIST

A análise de assunto como primeira etapa da indexação tem recebido pouca atenção como potencial temática para pesquisas teóricas no campo da biblioteconomia e da ciência da informação. Este artigo apresenta um estudo bibliométrico, buscando analisar os fatores que influenciam a suposta carência. Também procura entender por que as pesquisas dão mais ênfase aos estudos relacionados à segunda etapa da indexação: a tradução. Foi utilizado o método da análise de conteúdo, com a técnica categorial temática. O recorte foi realizado dentro do universo das publicações do Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), e é composto pelas revisões dos anos de 1977, 1982, 1986 e 1989. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a veracidade do pressuposto de que poucas pesquisas teóricas têm sido desenvolvidas sobre a primeira etapa da indexação – a análise de assunto – e isso pode ser explicado por meio da ideia de que a análise de assunto é considerada uma etapa mais intelectual, que sempre envolve subjetividade, o que pode dificultar o estudo e a sistematização de seus procedimentos

O tema publicação e distribuição da informação no Annual Review of Information Science and Technology

Critical analysis of the subject publication and distribution of information issued yearly by Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) in its 28 volumes for the period 1966-1993. Presentation of general data of ARIST, such as objectives, audience, content and structure. Discussion of the subject's performance along the years, through the study of six reviews published in 1967, 1968, 1970, 1973 and 1983. Examination of some aspects: frequency, tendencies, authorship, references and scope. Final conclusions and appendix are followed by the bibliography.Análise crítica do tema ‘Publicação e distribuição da informação no Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), mediante análise de seus 28 volumes publicados, anualmente, de 1966 a 1993. Apresentação de dados genéricos sobre o ARIST como publicação: objetivos, público-alvo, linha editorial e estrutura formal. Discussão do comportamento do tema, através dos parâmetros: freqüência, tendências, autoria, referências bibliográficas e estrutura. Resultados indicam que o tema é tratado de forma periférica, com o registro de seis únicas revisões identificadas nos anos de 1967, 1968, 1970, 1973 e 1983. Ao que parece, com a expansão das novas tecnologias de comunicação, a tônica passa a ser o avanço tecnológico per se e não tanto os impactos que trazem para a transferência da informação. A autoria individual prevalece. As listagens bibliográficas constituem o ponto de excelência dos artigos. Considerações finais e a bibliografia consultada encerram o trabalho

Utilising content marketing metrics and social networks for academic visibility

There are numerous assumptions on research evaluation in terms of quality and relevance of academic contributions. Researchers are becoming increasingly acquainted with bibliometric indicators, including; citation analysis, impact factor, h-index, webometrics and academic social networking sites. In this light, this chapter presents a review of these concepts as it considers relevant theoretical underpinnings that are related to the content marketing of scholars. Therefore, this contribution critically evaluates previous papers that revolve on the subject of academic reputation as it deliberates on the individual researchers’ personal branding. It also explains how metrics are currently being used to rank the academic standing of journals as well as higher educational institutions. In a nutshell, this chapter implies that the scholarly impact depends on a number of factors including accessibility of publications, peer review of academic work as well as social networking among scholars.peer-reviewe

The need for end-user customization of the journal-sets of the subject categories in the Scimago Journal Ranking Database for more appropriate league lists. A case study for the library & information science field

The open access SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) service -built from data in the subscription-based Elsevier ’s Scopus database- offers bibliographic information and bibliometric indicators for nearly 20,000 journals and other serial publications for 1996-2011. Journals are assigned to 300+ pre-defined subject categories and 26 broad subject areas to produce league lists. The set of 134 journals assigned to the Library and Information Sciences (LIS) subject category and a sample set of 50 other LIS journals, scattered across several other categories, were analyzed in the latest edition (SJR - 2011). Recommendations are made on how SJR could be enhanced by its developers to include simple customization options in the interface to facilitate a more efficient look-up and more valid comparison of the standing of journals and other serials and to reflect the prevailing preferences at the institutions where the rank positions in journal league lists are used to inform career advancement and funding decisions. It is argued that extending the current three-year citation window to five years would be more appropriate for all disciplines, and would also make SJR  comparable to metricsbased journal league lists produced from the open access Microsoft Academic Search  (MAS ), Google Scholar Metrics for Publications (GSMP ), and Eigenfactor.org (EF) data and the subscription-based Journal Citation Reports (JCR), which pioneered the idea of a metrics-based journal league list

A review and evaluation of the Langley Research Center's Scientific and Technical Information Program. Results of phase 5. Design and evaluation of STI systems: A selected, annotated bibliography

A selected, annotated bibliography of literature citations related to the design and evaluation of STI systems is presented. The use of manual and machine-readable literature searches; the review of numerous books, periodicals reports, and papers; and the selection and annotation of literature citations were required. The bibliography was produced because the information was needed to develop the methodology for the review and evaluation project, and a survey of the literature did not reveal the existence of a single published source of information pertinent to the subject. Approximately 200 citations are classified in four subject areas. The areas include information - general; information systems - design and evaluation, including information products and services; information - use and need; and information - economics