Applied Mathematics for Pharmaceutical Problems Using Robotics as Assistive Tools for Learning: A Comprehensive Review

Smart machine endures getting smarter as they are going to access more about the facts and pieces of evidence that make our work even more authentic than before. The term “robot” was created in 1920 by Czechoslovakian playwright Karel Capek and has been a principal point in science fiction ever since. Pharmacy automation involves machine-driven or mechanical processes of distributing, dispensing and managing medications. Pharmaceutical organizations take advantage of robotics to manoeuvre biological or chemical samples around to integrate novel chemical structure or to test the pharmaceutical value of remaining organic material. Pharmaceutical applications with aid of robotic systems are progressively accepted for enhanced throughput and proficiency to satisfy this growing demand, within a rapidly ageing population that directly requires sophisticated medical devices and newer drugs. According to Robot IQ, mathematics is one of the few main robotics attributes that cannot be learned along the way. A good background in many fields of mathematics and science is needed for robotics at the very least. Several studies have shown that robotics is an effective medium for teaching STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) skills to students. Thus, Novel methods are under development in machine learning, symbolic reasoning and signal processing which may be utilized in production and packaging concerned to the pharmaceuticals. The target is to review the Planning, Safety, Reliability, Accuracy, Quality, Flexibility, Redeployment, Efficiency and other vital applications of Robotics in Pharmacy

Development of an AGV robot based on ROS for disinfection in clinical environments

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Biomèdica. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2020-2021. Directors: Llorenç Servera i Manel PuigThe aim of this project was to develop a final degree project in the field of biomedical engineering that consisted in an AGV prototype for disinfection tasks inside a hospital or clinical environment. There were different parts inside the project, and the one reported in this documentation refers to the mobility of the robot using ROS (Robot Operating System) to develop nodes to make the robot move as an holonomic robot. An holonomic robot refers to systems with capabilities to slide directly sideways, which is very useful for complex spaces, as it can reach the objectives easier. Simulations were done in order to verify the code was working and once they were proved to be successful, the code was implemented into a small prototype for testing, whose characteristics and components are specified in this report. This was a complex step as several errors were reported, which caused a delay in the last activities, making it not possible to achieve implementing SLAM routines for mapping and trajectory planning. The other parts of the project consisted in designing and building a bigger prototype with air quality and ozone sensors and the development of the code for the sensors. These two parts were developed by two other engineering students

Role of Industrial Robotic Automation Systems

This project focuses on the role of robots in increasing safety, productivity and profit for four specific industries: manufacturing, medical, construction and food packaging. A cost analysis of industry robot integration is provided supporting a positive increase in tasks performance and reduction of operational costs. A Tungsten Inert Gas welding assistive robot prototype was designed based on the knowledge acquired through welding training sessions at WPI\u27s Washburn Shops. A prototype was built using Arduino hardware and software for controls

StandAlone Surgical Haptic Arm (SASHA)

A standalone surgical arm for performing Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery (MIRS) with standard da Vinci Si tools has been developed. Force feedback is now possible with the feedback from torque sensors used to measure the forces acting upon the tool tip. The mechanical arm and a control system capable of driving the arm and reporting force information to the user via haptic feedback has been designed and fabricated. This arm will be used as a platform for research on the performance of telesurgery as a function of various haptic mappings and artificial latencies

5G Smart and innovative Healthcare services: opportunities, challenges and prospective solutions

Due to its abilities to boost productivity, reduce costs and enhance user experiences, smart healthcare is widely recognised as a potential solution to reduce pressures on existing health systems. Since the new era of 5G will unite enhanced connectivity, improved cloud-based storage and interconnection of an array of devices and services, a massive boost in the digital transformation of healthcare is expected. In this transformation process, healthcare services such as medical diagnosis, treatment and remote surgery will be facilitated by a range of technologies such as Internet of Things, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, among others, that will advance further under 5G. Moreover, real-time health services will become a reality and will offer people with quality care and improved experiences. On the other hand, different challenges can hinder the proliferation of 5G smart and innovative healthcare solutions, including security and heterogeneous devices. This chapter presents how 5G will boost digital transformation of healthcare through delivery and consumption of smart and innovative healthcare services, while probing into key hurdles in the process as well as prospective solutions

The UK landscape for robotics and autonomous systems

Robotics and Autonomous Systems Special Interest Group Report: Innovate UK - Technology Strategy Board This landscape collates the output from a series of workshops designed to explore the impact on the UK of advances in Robotics and Autonomous Systems (RAS). In overviewing the resulting landscape it is clear that the RAS opportunity, as perceived by the UK community, is extensive and rich and that the UK has the potential to create a strong RAS market. It is also clear that robotics and autonomous systems will impact on each UK market sector and that the total size of this impact will be significantly greater than the size of the RAS sector itself. Across these sectors strong cross cutting themes exist that can be used to drive synergies to build technical capability and market opportunity. Within those sectors that will benefit the most from robotics and autonomous systems technology the potential for disruptive innovation and the need to respond to change through the development of new business models is now obvious. Robotics and autonomous systems do not work in isolation. They will require testing, regulation, standards, innovation, investment and skills together with technical progress and strong collaborative partnerships in order to fully realise the opportunity. The resulting Landscape carries an essential message; that the UK has a unique opportunity to engage with robotics and autonomous systems, to exploit existing expertise within the UK and explore its potential, but that other nations are similarly engaged and the UK must now be bold and invest to win. 41 Individuals listed as contributor

From Concept to Market: Surgical Robot Development

Surgical robotics and supporting technologies have really become a prime example of modern applied information technology infiltrating our everyday lives. The development of these systems spans across four decades, and only the last few years brought the market value and saw the rising customer base imagined already by the early developers. This chapter guides through the historical development of the most important systems, and provide references and lessons learnt for current engineers facing similar challenges. A special emphasis is put on system validation, assessment and clearance, as the most commonly cited barrier hindering the wider deployment of a system

Umjetna inteligencija i robotika kao pokretačka snaga modernog društva

In synergy with other technologies, the AI significantly accelerates the scientific and technological development of human society. New possibilities of the application of technological achievements are constantly opening up – in industry, healthcare and everyday life. AI-based robotics is the main driver of the present industrial revolution. Robots have already played an important role in production and changed the production economy over the past decade. New generations of smart robots, or smart technical systems in general, are turning to new applications, especially in service industries, medicine and home use. In the future, autonomous and mobile robots will be able to assist the elderly and immobile, help with household chores, act as caregivers and perform repetitive, tedious or dangerous jobs in nursing homes, hospitals, military environments, disaster sites and schools. The potential benefits are great, but they pose significant ethical challenges too. Our autonomy may be compromised and social interaction obstructed. Expanded use of robots can lead to reduced contact among people and possible restrictions on personal freedoms. Machines of these kinds shape the new world radically, leading to significant economic and cultural changes, creating both winners and losers on a global scale.U sinergiji s drugim tehnologijama AI značajno ubrzava znanstveni i tehnološki razvoj ljudskog društva. Neprestano se otvaraju nove mogućnosti primjene tehnoloških dostignuća, kako u industriji, zdravstvu tako i u svakodnevnom životu. Robotika temeljena na umjetnoj inteligenciji glavni je pokretač sadašnje industrijske revolucije. Roboti su već odigrali važnu ulogu u proizvodnji i promijenili proizvodnu ekonomiju tijekom posljednjih desetak godina. Nove generacije pametnih robota, ili općenito pametnih tehničkih sustava, okreću se novim primjenama, posebno u uslužnim djelatnostima, medicini i kućnoj uporabi. Autonomni i mobilni roboti u budućnosti će moći pomagati starijim i nepokretnim osobama, pomagati u kućanskim poslovima, djelovati kao njegovatelji i obavljati ponavljajuće, dosadne ili opasne poslove u staračkim domovima, bolnicama, vojnim okruženjima, mjestima katastrofe i školama. Potencijalne prednosti su velike, ali također predstavljaju značajne etičke izazove. Naša autonomija može biti ugrožena, a društvena interakcija opstruirana. Prošireno korištenje robota može dovesti do smanjenog kontakta među ljudima i mogućih ograničenja osobnih sloboda. Strojevi ove vrste oblikuju radikalno novi svijet, što dovodi do značajnih ekonomskih i kulturoloških promjena, stvarajući jednako pobjednike kao i gubitnike na globalnoj svjetskoj razini

Expectations and Perceptions of Healthcare Professionals for Robot Deployment in Hospital Environments during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Several challenges to guarantee medical care have been exposed during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Although the literature has shown some robotics applications to overcome the potential hazards and risks in hospital environments, the implementation of those developments is limited, and few studies measure the perception and the acceptance of clinicians. This work presents the design and implementation of several perception questionnaires to assess healthcare provider's level of acceptance and education toward robotics for COVID-19 control in clinic scenarios. Specifically, 41 healthcare professionals satisfactorily accomplished the surveys, exhibiting a low level of knowledge about robotics applications in this scenario. Likewise, the surveys revealed that the fear of being replaced by robots remains in the medical community. In the Colombian context, 82.9% of participants indicated a positive perception concerning the development and implementation of robotics in clinic environments. Finally, in general terms, the participants exhibited a positive attitude toward using robots and recommended them to be used in the current panorama