Federating Heterogeneous Digital Libraries by Metadata Harvesting

This dissertation studies the challenges and issues faced in federating heterogeneous digital libraries (DLs) by metadata harvesting. The objective of federation is to provide high-level services (e.g. transparent search across all DLs) on the collective metadata from different digital libraries. There are two main approaches to federate DLs: distributed searching approach and harvesting approach. As the distributed searching approach replies on executing queries to digital libraries in real time, it has problems with scalability. The difficulty of creating a distributed searching service for a large federation is the motivation behind Open Archives Initiatives Protocols for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). OAI-PMH supports both data providers (repositories, archives) and service providers. Service providers develop value-added services based on the information collected from data providers. Data providers are simply collections of harvestable metadata. This dissertation examines the application of the metadata harvesting approach in DL federations. It addresses the following problems: (1) Whether or not metadata harvesting provides a realistic and scalable solution for DL federation. (2) What is the status of and problems with current data provider implementations, and how to solve these problems. (3) How to synchronize data providers and service providers. (4) How to build different types of federation services over harvested metadata. (5) How to create a scalable and reliable infrastructure to support federation services. The work done in this dissertation is based on OAI-PMH, and the results have influenced the evolution of OAI-PMH. However, the results are not limited to the scope of OAI-PMH. Our approach is to design and build key services for metadata harvesting and to deploy them on the Web. Implementing a publicly available service allows us to demonstrate how these approaches are practical. The problems posed above are evaluated by performing experiments over these services. To summarize the results of this thesis, we conclude that the metadata harvesting approach is a realistic and scalable approach to federate heterogeneous DLs. We present two models of building federation services: a centralized model and a replicated model. Our experiments also demonstrate that the repository synchronization problem can be addressed by push, pull, and hybrid push/pull models; each model has its strengths and weaknesses and fits a specific scenario. Finally, we present a scalable and reliable infrastructure to support the applications of metadata harvesting

Getting Indexed by Bibliographic Databases in the Area of Computer Science

Every author and publisher is interested in adding their publications to the widely used bibliographic databases freely accessible in the world wide web: This ensures the visibility of their publications and hence of the published research. However, the inclusion requirements of publications in the bibliographic databases are heterogeneous even on the technical side. This survey paper aims in shedding light on the various data formats, protocols and technical requirements of getting indexed by widely used bibliographic databases in the area of computer science and provides hints for maximal database inclusion. Furthermore, we point out the possibilities to utilize the data of bibliographic databases, and describes some personal and institutional research repository systems with special regard to the support of inclusion in bibliographic databases

GENERIC AND ADAPTIVE METADATA MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR SCIENTIFIC DATA REPOSITORIES

Der rapide technologische Fortschritt hat in verschiedenen Forschungsdisziplinen zu vielfältigen Weiterentwicklungen in Datenakquise und -verarbeitung geführt. Hi- eraus wiederum resultiert ein immenses Wachstum an Daten und Metadaten, gener- iert durch wissenschaftliche Experimente. Unabhängig vom konkreten Forschungs- gebiet ist die wissenschaftliche Praxis immer stärker durch Daten und Metadaten gekennzeichnet. In der Folge intensivieren Universitäten, Forschungsgemeinschaften und Förderagenturen ihre Bemühungen, wissenschaftliche Daten effizient zu sichten, zu speichern und auszuwerten. Die wesentlichen Ziele wissenschaftlicher Daten- Repositorien sind die Etablierung von Langzeitspeicher, der Zugriff auf Daten, die Bereitstellung von Daten für die Wiederverwendung und deren Referenzierung, die Erfassung der Datenquelle zur Reproduzierbarkeit sowie die Bereitstellung von Meta- daten, Anmerkungen oder Verweisen zur Vermittlung domänenspezifischen Wis- sens, das zur Interpretation der Daten notwendig ist. Wissenschaftliche Datenspe- icher sind hochkomplexe Systeme, bestehend aus Elementen aus unterschiedlichen Forschungsfeldern, wie z. B. Algorithmen für Datenkompression und Langzeit- datenarchivierung, Frameworks für das Metadaten- und Annotations-management, Workflow-Provenance und Provenance-Interoperabilität zwischen heterogenen Work- flowsystemen, Autorisierungs und Authentifizierungsinfrastrukturen sowie Visual- isierungswerkzeuge für die Dateninterpretation. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine modulare Architektur für ein wis- senschaftliches Datenarchiv, die Forschungsgemeinschaften darin unterstützt, ihre Daten und Metadaten gezielt über den jeweiligen Lebenszyklus hinweg zu orchestri- eren. Diese Architektur besteht aus Komponenten, die vier Forschungsfelder repräsen- tieren. Die erste Komponente ist ein Client zur Datenübertragung (“data transfer client”). Er bietet eine generische Schnittstelle für die Erfassung von Daten und den Zugriff auf Daten aus wissenschaftlichen Datenakquisesystemen. Die zweite Komponente ist das MetaStore-Framework, ein adaptives Metadaten- Management-Framework, das die Handhabung sowohl statischer als auch dynamis- cher Metadatenmodelle ermöglicht. Um beliebige Metadatenschemata behandeln zu können, basiert die Entwicklung des MetaStore-Frameworks auf dem komponen- tenbasierten dynamischen Kompositions-Entwurfsmuster (component-based dynamic composition design pattern). Der MetaStore ist außerdem mit einem Annotations- framework für die Handhabung von dynamischen Metadaten ausgestattet. Die dritte Komponente ist eine Erweiterung des MetaStore-Frameworks zur au- tomatisierten Behandlung von Provenance-Metadaten für BPEL-basierte Workflow- Management-Systeme. Der von uns entworfene und implementierte Prov2ONE Al- gorithmus übersetzt dafür die Struktur und Ausführungstraces von BPEL-Workflow- Definitionen automatisch in das Provenance-Modell ProvONE. Hierbei ermöglicht die Verfügbarkeit der vollständigen BPEL-Provenance-Daten in ProvONE nicht nur eine aggregierte Analyse der Workflow-Definition mit ihrem Ausführungstrace, sondern gewährleistet auch die Kompatibilität von Provenance-Daten aus unterschiedlichen Spezifikationssprachen. Die vierte Komponente unseres wissenschaftlichen Datenarchives ist das Provenance-Interoperabilitätsframework ProvONE - Provenance Interoperability Framework (P-PIF). Dieses gewährleistet die Interoperabilität von Provenance-Daten heterogener Provenance-Modelle aus unterschiedlichen Workflowmanagementsyste- men. P-PIF besteht aus zwei Komponenten: dem Prov2ONE-Algorithmus für SCUFL und MoML Workflow-Spezifikationen und Workflow-Management-System- spezifischen Adaptern zur Extraktion, Übersetzung und Modellierung retrospektiver Provenance-Daten in das ProvONE-Provenance-Modell. P-PIF kann sowohl Kon- trollfluss als auch Datenfluss nach ProvONE übersetzen. Die Verfügbarkeit hetero- gener Provenance-Traces in ProvONE ermöglicht das Vergleichen, Analysieren und Anfragen von Provenance-Daten aus unterschiedlichen Workflowsystemen. Wir haben die Komponenten des in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten wissenschaftlichen Datenarchives wie folgt evaluiert: für den Client zum Datentrasfer haben wir die Daten-übertragungsleistung mit dem Standard-Protokoll für Nanoskopie-Datensätze untersucht. Das MetaStore-Framework haben wir hinsichtlich der folgenden bei- den Aspekte evaluiert. Zum einen haben wir die Metadatenaufnahme und Voll- textsuchleistung unter verschiedenen Datenbankkonfigurationen getestet. Zum an- deren zeigen wir die umfassende Abdeckung der Funktionalitäten von MetaStore durch einen funktionsbasierten Vergleich von MetaStore mit bestehenden Metadaten- Management-Systemen. Für die Evaluation von P-PIF haben wir zunächst die Korrek- theit und Vollständigkeit unseres Prov2ONE-Algorithmus bewiesen und darüber hin- aus die vom Prov2ONE BPEL-Algorithmus generierten Prognose-Graphpattern aus ProvONE gegen bestehende BPEL-Kontrollflussmuster ausgewertet. Um zu zeigen, dass P-PIF ein nachhaltiges Framework ist, das sich an Standards hält, vergle- ichen wir außerdem die Funktionen von P-PIF mit denen bestehender Provenance- Interoperabilitätsframeworks. Diese Auswertungen zeigen die Überlegenheit und die Vorteile der einzelnen in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Komponenten gegenüber ex- istierenden Systemen

P2P and SOA architecture for digital libraries

Doutoramento em Engenharia InformáticaIn an information-driven society where the volume and value of produced and consumed data assumes a growing importance, the role of digital libraries gains particular importance. This work analyzes the limitations in current digital library management systems and the opportunities brought by recent distributed computing models. The result of this work is the implementation of the University of Aveiro integrated system for digital libraries and archives. It concludes by analyzing the system in production and proposing a new service oriented digital library architecture supported in a peer-to-peer infrastructureNuma sociedade em que o volume e o valor da informação produzida e disseminada tem um peso cada vez maior, o papel das bibliotecas digitais assume especial relevo. O presente trabalho analisa as limitações dos actuais sistemas de gestão de bibliotecas digitais e as oportunidades criadas pelos mais recentes modelos de computação distribuída. Deste trabalho resultou a implementação do sistema integrado para bibliotecas e arquivos digitais da Universidade de Aveiro. Este trabalho finaliza debruçando-se sobre o sistema em produção e propondo uma nova arquitectura de biblioteca digital sustentada numa infrastrutura peer-to-peer e orientada a serviços

Lightweight Federation of Non-Cooperating Digital Libraries

This dissertation studies the challenges and issues faced in federating heterogeneous digital libraries (DLs). The objective of this research is to demonstrate the feasibility of interoperability among non-cooperating DLs by presenting a lightweight, data driven approach, or Data Centered Interoperability (DCI). We build a Lightweight Federated Digital Library (LFDL) system to provide federated search service for existing digital libraries with no prior coordination. We describe the motivation, architecture, design and implementation of the LFDL. We develop, deploy, and evaluate key services of the federation. The major difference to existing DL interoperability approaches is one where we do not insist on cooperation among DLs, that is, they do not have to change anything in their system or processes. The underlying approach is to have a dynamic federation where digital libraries can be added (removed) to the federation in real-time. This is made possible by describing the behavior of participating DLs in an XML-based language that the federation engine understands. The major contributions of this work are: (1) This dissertation addresses the interoperability issues among non-cooperating DLs and presents a practical and efficient approach toward providing federated search service for those DLs. The DL itself remains autonomous and does not need to change its structure, data format, protocol and other internal features when it is added to the federation. (2) The implementation of the LFDL is based on a lightweight, dynamic, data-centered and rule-driven architecture. To add a DL to the federation, all that is needed is observing a DL\u27s interaction with the user and storing the interaction specification in a human-readable and highly maintainable format. The federation engine provides the federated service based on the specification of a DL. A registration service allows dynamic DL registration, removal, or modification. No code needs to be rewritten or recompiled to add or change a DL. These notions are achieved by designing a new specification language in XML format and a powerful processing engine that enforces and implements the rules specified using the language. (3) In this thesis we explore an alternate approach where searches are distributed to participating DLs in real time. We have addressed the performance and reliability problems associated with other distributed search approaches. This is achieved by a locally maintained metadata repository extracted from DLs, as well as an efficient caching system based on the repository

Expanding perspective on open science: communities, cultures and diversity in concepts and practices

Twenty-one years ago, the term ‘electronic publishing’ promised all manner of potential that the Web and network technologies could bring to scholarly communication, scientific research and technical innovation. Over the last two decades, tremendous developments have indeed taken place across all of these domains. One of the most important of these has been Open Science; perhaps the most widely discussed topic in research communications today. This book presents the proceedings of Elpub 2017, the 21st edition of the International Conference on Electronic Publishing, held in Limassol, Cyprus, in June 2017. Continuing the tradition of bringing together academics, publishers, lecturers, librarians, developers, entrepreneurs, users and all other stakeholders interested in the issues surrounding electronic publishing, this edition of the conference focuses on Open Science, and the 27 research and practitioner papers and 1 poster included here reflect the results and ideas of researchers and practitioners with diverse backgrounds from all around the world with regard to this important subject. Intended to generate discussion and debate on the potential and limitations of openness, the book addresses the current challenges and opportunities in the ecosystem of Open Science, and explores how to move forward in developing an inclusive system that will work for a much broader range of participants. It will be of interest to all those concerned with electronic publishing, and Open Science in particular

Helmholtz Portfolio Theme Large-Scale Data Management and Analysis (LSDMA)

The Helmholtz Association funded the "Large-Scale Data Management and Analysis" portfolio theme from 2012-2016. Four Helmholtz centres, six universities and another research institution in Germany joined to enable data-intensive science by optimising data life cycles in selected scientific communities. In our Data Life cycle Labs, data experts performed joint R&D together with scientific communities. The Data Services Integration Team focused on generic solutions applied by several communities

AXMEDIS 2007 Conference Proceedings

The AXMEDIS International Conference series has been established since 2005 and is focused on the research, developments and applications in the cross-media domain, exploring innovative technologies to meet the challenges of the sector. AXMEDIS2007 deals with all subjects and topics related to cross-media and digital-media content production, processing, management, standards, representation, sharing, interoperability, protection and rights management. It addresses the latest developments and future trends of the technologies and their applications, their impact and exploitation within academic, business and industrial communities

Políticas de Copyright de Publicações Científicas em Repositórios Institucionais: O Caso do INESC TEC

A progressiva transformação das práticas científicas, impulsionada pelo desenvolvimento das novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), têm possibilitado aumentar o acesso à informação, caminhando gradualmente para uma abertura do ciclo de pesquisa. Isto permitirá resolver a longo prazo uma adversidade que se tem colocado aos investigadores, que passa pela existência de barreiras que limitam as condições de acesso, sejam estas geográficas ou financeiras. Apesar da produção científica ser dominada, maioritariamente, por grandes editoras comerciais, estando sujeita às regras por estas impostas, o Movimento do Acesso Aberto cuja primeira declaração pública, a Declaração de Budapeste (BOAI), é de 2002, vem propor alterações significativas que beneficiam os autores e os leitores. Este Movimento vem a ganhar importância em Portugal desde 2003, com a constituição do primeiro repositório institucional a nível nacional. Os repositórios institucionais surgiram como uma ferramenta de divulgação da produção científica de uma instituição, com o intuito de permitir abrir aos resultados da investigação, quer antes da publicação e do próprio processo de arbitragem (preprint), quer depois (postprint), e, consequentemente, aumentar a visibilidade do trabalho desenvolvido por um investigador e a respetiva instituição. O estudo apresentado, que passou por uma análise das políticas de copyright das publicações científicas mais relevantes do INESC TEC, permitiu não só perceber que as editoras adotam cada vez mais políticas que possibilitam o auto-arquivo das publicações em repositórios institucionais, como também que existe todo um trabalho de sensibilização a percorrer, não só para os investigadores, como para a instituição e toda a sociedade. A produção de um conjunto de recomendações, que passam pela implementação de uma política institucional que incentive o auto-arquivo das publicações desenvolvidas no âmbito institucional no repositório, serve como mote para uma maior valorização da produção científica do INESC TEC.The progressive transformation of scientific practices, driven by the development of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which made it possible to increase access to information, gradually moving towards an opening of the research cycle. This opening makes it possible to resolve, in the long term, the adversity that has been placed on researchers, which involves the existence of barriers that limit access conditions, whether geographical or financial. Although large commercial publishers predominantly dominate scientific production and subject it to the rules imposed by them, the Open Access movement whose first public declaration, the Budapest Declaration (BOAI), was in 2002, proposes significant changes that benefit the authors and the readers. This Movement has gained importance in Portugal since 2003, with the constitution of the first institutional repository at the national level. Institutional repositories have emerged as a tool for disseminating the scientific production of an institution to open the results of the research, both before publication and the preprint process and postprint, increase the visibility of work done by an investigator and his or her institution. The present study, which underwent an analysis of the copyright policies of INESC TEC most relevant scientific publications, allowed not only to realize that publishers are increasingly adopting policies that make it possible to self-archive publications in institutional repositories, all the work of raising awareness, not only for researchers but also for the institution and the whole society. The production of a set of recommendations, which go through the implementation of an institutional policy that encourages the self-archiving of the publications developed in the institutional scope in the repository, serves as a motto for a greater appreciation of the scientific production of INESC TEC