Context-aware mass customization construction system: methods for user captured as-built plans

The problem of context, a fundamental aspect of dealing with built environments, has not been adequately addressed by mass customization systems so far, which has limited their scope of application. The aim of the present article is to evaluate the adequacy of existing methods of producing as-built plans of rooms by non-expert users for the automatic generation and production of partition walls for building renovation. This paper highlights criteria to develop appropriate methods of capturing context for mass customization construction systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Handbook of Research on Urban and Territorial Systems and the Intangible Dimension: Survey and Representation

Surveying has always been closely linked to the definition of cognitive framework to which it is connected. Carrying out a survey has always meant representing the geometry of the context of interest but also thoroughly investigating the historical dynamics, the tangible, behavioral, and performance-based characteristics. The dimensions of comfort, usually associated with the private, domestic environment, now extends to the urban and territorial context too: perhaps going beyond the sense of the threshold referred to by Walter Benjamin when he described the city as a house with its living rooms. A new concept of habitable city has developed, where we can live, according to Ortega y Gasset, not simply a place for estar (being) but for bienestar (wellbeing)

Un bit más cerca del pasado: la tridimensionalización de una ceremonia inca en el valle Calchaquí norte (Salta, Argentina)

[EN] Like other expansive polities, the expansion of the Inca empire across the highlands and lowlands of South America is not only a history of trade and warfare, but also of mesmerizing public performances that yielded new and memorable experiences. During highly ritualized public celebratory events, the local polities gained first-hand access to the imperial liturgy, which was vital to promote and legitimate the Inca cosmology across the newly acquired lands. Especially in the last 20 years, new technologies, an ever-growing corpus of archaeological data, as well as increasing hardware capacity and software development, make it possible to emulate the scenes that people got to witness during the Inca public events, at a home computer scale and without complex and expensive equipment. Furthermore, it prompts us to test and apply new tools and academic dissemination techniques, perhaps more suitable to current technologies and means of knowledge storage and circulation. This article presents the process of building a three-dimensional (3D) model that, on the one hand, combines historical, ethnographic, and archaeological data with Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets; on the other hand, it uses detailed architectural analysis and astronomical measurements. The objective is to yield renders that accurately display the atmospheric and lighting conditions prevailing when the site was inhabited. We will offer a detailed description of all methods, techniques, equipment, and software used to create the model and the parameters for rendering the images. The authors intend to exemplify how 3D modelling goes well beyond the 3D model as a product in itself; it becomes a fundamental tool that encouraged us to test new variables and discuss new interpretations about this settlement. Results indicate that its builders designed these settlement's Inca compounds to show off the imperial capabilities and constructive proficiency, to convey exceptional, memorable experiences to its residents and visitors, and to stage explicit links between the imperial representatives and some fundamental procreative components of the Andean cosmos. In doing so, Guitián's plaza served to stage and communicate the privileged role the imperial representatives claimed to have in a broader cosmological scheme.[ES] Al igual que otras políticas expansivas, la expansión del imperio Inca a través de las tierras altas y bajas de Sudamérica, además de ser una historia de comercio y conflictos armados, lo es también de espectáculos públicos cautivantes que introdujeron experiencias nuevas  y memorables. Durante celebraciones públicas altamente ritualizadas, las autoridades locales tuvieron acceso de primera mano a la liturgia imperial, lo que fue vital para promover y legitimar la cosmología Inca en los territorios anexados. En los últimos 20 años en particular, las nuevas tecnologías, un corpus cada vez mayor de datos arqueológicos, y el aumento de la capacidad de hardware y el desarrollo de software hacen posible emular las escenas que la gente presenció durante las ceremonias públicas Inca; ello es posible sin equipos complejos y costosos (basta con un ordenador doméstico). Todo ello nos impulsa a probar y aplicar nuevas herramientas y técnicas de difusión académica, quizás más adecuadas a las tecnologías y medios actuales de almacenamiento y circulación del conocimiento. Este artículo presenta el proceso de construcción de un modelo tridimensional (3D) que combina datos históricos, etnográficos y arqueológicos con conjuntos de datos en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), análisis arquitectónicos detallados y mediciones astronómicas; todo ello tiene el objetivo de lograr renders que contemplen adecuadamente las condiciones atmosféricas y de iluminación que prevalecían cuando el sitio estaba habitado. Se ofrecerán detalles completos de todos los métodos, técnicas, equipos y programas informáticos utilizados para crear dicho modelo y los parámetros de renderización de las imágenes que presentaremos. Este estudio ejemplifica cómo el modelado 3D va mucho más allá del modelo final como producto en sí mismo: se convierte en parte fundamental de un proceso interpretativo que nos obligó a probar nuevas variables y discutir nuevas interpretaciones. Los resultados indican que los constructores de los recintos Inca de este asentamiento lo hicieron tanto para ostentar su destreza constructiva, destacarse en el paisaje local, transmitir experiencias excepcionales y memorables a sus residentes y visitantes, como para escenificar vínculos explícitos entre los representantes imperiales y algunos componentes procreativos fundamentales del cosmos andino. Consecuentemente, la plaza de Guitián servía para escenificar y comunicar el papel privilegiado de los representantes imperiales en un esquema cosmológico más amplio.The results presented in this paper have been gathered through various fieldworks funded by the Heinz Grant for Latin American Archaeology, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (International Collaborative Research Grant), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council from Argentina (doctoral and postdoctoral research scholarships). 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Digital workflows for the management of existing structures in the pre- and post-earthquake phases: BIM, CDE, drones, laser-scanning and AI

La metodologia BIM, sviluppata in America negli anni '70, ha rivoluzionato l'industria delle costruzioni introducendo i principi di innovazione e digitalizzazione per la gestione dei progetti, in un settore settore produttivo troppo legato a logiche tradizionali. I numerosi processi digitali che sono stati sviluppati da allora hanno riguardato in gran parte la progettazione di nuovi edifici, e sono principalmente legati alla disciplina del construction management. Alcune prime sperimentazioni condotte nel tempo hanno mostrato come l'estensione di questa metodologia agli edifici esistenti comporti molte difficoltà. In questo panorama, il lavoro di tesi si concentra sulla gestione delle strutture nella fase pre e post-sisma con l'obiettivo di sviluppare processi digitali basati sull'uso di tecnologie innovative applicate sia agli edifici ordinari che a quelli storici. Il primo workflow sviluppato, relativo alla fase pre-sisma, è stato denominato scan-to-FEM, ed è finalizzato a particolarizzare il classico processo scan-to-BIM nel campo dell'ingegneria strutturale, analizzando così tutti i passaggi dal rilievo dell'edificio con le tecniche digitali di fotogrammetria e laser-scanning fino all'analisi strutturale e alla valutazione della sicurezza nei confronti delle azioni sismiche. I processi di gestione delle strutture post-sisma sono invece incentrati sulla stima della sicurezza della struttura e sulla definizione delle strategie di intervento, e si basano sull'analisi delle caratteristiche intrinseche della struttura e dei danni indotti dagli eventi sismici. L'intero processo di valutazione del livello operativo di un edificio è stato quindi rivisto alla luce delle moderne tecnologie digitali. Nel dettaglio, sono state sviluppate Reti Neurali Convoluzionali (CNN) per la crack detection, e l'estrazione delle informazioni numeriche associate alle lesioni, gestite poi grazie ai modelli BIM. I quadri fessurativi sono stati digitalizzati grazie allìintroduzione un nuovo oggetto BIM "lesione" (attualmente non codificato nello standard IFC), al quale è stato aggiunto un set di parametri in parte valutati con le CNN ed in parte qualitativi. Durante lo sviluppo di questi processi, sono stati sviluppati nuovi strumenti adhoc per la gestione degli edifici esistenti. In particolare, sono state definite specifiche per lo sviluppo di schede tecniche digitali dei danni, e per la creazione del nuovo oggetto BIM "lesione". I processi di gestione degli edifici danneggiati, grazie agli sviluppi tecnologici realizzati, sono stati applicati per la digitalizzazione dell'edificio storico della chiesa di San Pietro in Vinculis danneggiato a seguito di eventi sismici, grazie ai quali sono stati sperimentati i massimi benefici in termini di riduzione di tempo e risparmio di risorse

City-Scaled Digital Documentation: A Comparative Analysis of Digital Documentation Technologies for Recording Architectural Heritage

The historic preservation field, enabled by advances in technology, has demonstrated an increased interest in digitizing cultural heritage sites and historic structures. Increases in software capabilities as well as greater affordability has fostered augmented use of digital documentation technologies for architectural heritage applications. Literature establishes four prominent categories of digital documentation tools for preservation: laser scanning, photogrammetry, multimedia geographic information systems (GIS) and three-dimensional modeling. Thoroughly explored through published case studies, the documentation techniques for recording heritage are most often integrated. Scholarly literature does not provide a parallel comparison of the four technologies. A comparative analysis of the four techniques, as presented in this thesis, makes it possible for cities to understand the most applicable technique for their preservation objectives. The thesis analyzes four cases studies that employ applications of the technologies: New Orleans Laser Scanning, University of Maryland Photogrammetry, Historic Columbia Maps Project and the Virtual Historic Savannah Project. Following this, the thesis undertakes a trial of each documentation technology – laser scanning, photogrammetry, multimedia GIS and three-dimensional modeling – utilizing a block on Church Street between Queen and Chalmers streets within the Charleston Historic District. The apparent outcomes of each of the four techniques is analyzed according to a series of parameters including: audience, application, efficacy in recordation, refinement, expertise required, manageability of the product, labor intensity and necessary institutional capacity. A concluding matrix quantifies the capability of each of the technologies in terms of the parameters. This method furnishes a parallel comparison of the techniques and their efficacy in architectural heritage documentation within mid-sized cities

BIM Research in Irish Academic Institutions 2015-19

The use of BIM in the Irish construction industry has become pervasive in the last decade and it is an essential element in improving productivity in the market. The developments in BIM education and training in supporting the increase in Ireland’s BIM maturity has been well documented in recent years, principally through the proceedings of the BIM Gatherings and the BIM in Ireland 2017 and 2019 reviews. Similarly, the public and private sectors have been surveyed to establish their readiness for digital transformation on their BIM journey. However, BIM research undertaken by Irish academics, while individually strong, has not been strategic at national level nor has it yet met all the needs of industry. This paper will review the learned publications of all research-active academics on this island in the various aspects of the field of BIM-related research in the last 5 years. It will categorise and analyse their achievements, acting as a national reference source for all parties in this industry. It will also suggest areas where further research opportunities exist in support of the continuing fast-paced evolution of this digital technology in the construction industry, nationally and internationally