Simulation and performance assessment of a modified throttled load balancing algorithm in cloud computing environment

Load balancing is crucial to ensure scalability, reliability, minimize response time, and processing time and maximize resource utilization in cloud computing. However, the load fluctuation accompanied with the distribution of a huge number of requests among a set of virtual machines (VMs) is challenging and needs effective and practical load balancers. In this work, a two listed throttled load balancer (TLT-LB) algorithm is proposed and further simulated using the CloudAnalyst simulator. The TLT-LB algorithm is based on the modification of the conventional TLB algorithm to improve the distribution of the tasks between different VMs. The performance of the TLT-LB algorithm compared to the TLB, round robin (RR), and active monitoring load balancer (AMLB) algorithms has been evaluated using two different configurations. Interestingly, the TLT-LB significantly balances the load between the VMs by reducing the loading gap between the heaviest loaded and the lightest loaded VMs to be 6.45% compared to 68.55% for the TLB and AMLB algorithms. Furthermore, the TLT-LB algorithm considerably reduces the average response time and processing time compared to the TLB, RR, and AMLB algorithms

Technology Trends and Opportunities for Construction Industry and Lifecycle Management

Master's thesis in for Offshore Technology: Industrial Asset ManagementThe purpose of the report is to highlight methods that can make it easier for the construction industry and industry in general to benefit from new technology. The report is intended as a reference to technological solutions that along with some techniques, can streamline workflow for multiple tasks in planning, design, and operation and maintenance management. The problems focused on is how to: • Simplify the procurement and tracing of documentation • Optimize building stages, design, and Life Cycle Management (LCM) • Provide interactions between disciplines and employees using different software Scientific Platform are based on literature within technology trends. Some history and trends in digital technology are presented. Definition of roles and general terms related to documentation is derived from Norsk Standard and is interpreted on this basis. The report charts the use of individual software and technical setup of digital tools within CAD-engineering (Computer Aided Design), HDS-technology (High Definition Surveying), and gaming technology. This technology combined with cloud-services to support planning, design and management of building stages. Later to support LCM of facilities and businesses' ERP-systems (Enterprise Resource Planning). Use of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), for document control tasks. The result of the report is that several suppliers provide services and products accessible through web. Setup and implementation will require some work and knowledge for business and organizations, but the gain largely seems to justify the use of resources for this purpose. Particularly through IOT-interactions (Internet of Things), cloud-services and free downloadable applications that may be considered as a paradigm shift related to the issues in the report. Also, presenting new platforms for engineering phases to support Building Information Modeling processes (BIM). With the use of Algorithmic Editors for encoding between computer programs without the need of data programmer expertise. To streamline workflows, reduce recreation of data, interactions between different software of various user level, and support of AI to optimize designing by adds-on for CAD-engineering (Computer Aided Design). Mobile devices like phones and tablets to support several of solutions and products presented is very accessible. It seems naturally to assume that the vast majority of people are familiar with technology related to smartphone applications for daily use. The use of resources for implementing the presented solutions have not been considered in this report. Some of the equipment presented can be interpreted as relatively expensive. Investment analysis would be sensible. The trend however, shows continues price drops and increased availability. At the same time as the user interface is being improved for both software and digital equipment. The conclusion, is that the construction industry, as well as Facility Management (FM). Within both, public, and private sector, can have much to gain using the technology and techniques presented in the report

Data science applications to connected vehicles: Key barriers to overcome

The connected vehicles will generate huge amount of pervasive and real time data, at very high frequencies. This poses new challenges for Data science. How to analyse these data and how to address short-term and long-term storage are some of the key barriers to overcome.JRC.C.6-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

From Controlled Data-Center Environments to Open Distributed Environments: Scalable, Efficient, and Robust Systems with Extended Functionality

The past two decades have witnessed several paradigm shifts in computing environments. Starting from cloud computing which offers on-demand allocation of storage, network, compute, and memory resources, as well as other services, in a pay-as-you-go billingmodel. Ending with the rise of permissionless blockchain technology, a decentralized computing paradigm with lower trust assumptions and limitless number of participants. Unlike in the cloud, where all the computing resources are owned by some trusted cloud provider, permissionless blockchains allow computing resources owned by possibly malicious parties to join and leave their network without obtaining permission from some centralized trusted authority. Still, in the presence of malicious parties, permissionlessblockchain networks can perform general computations and make progress. Cloud computing is powered by geographically distributed data-centers controlled and managed by trusted cloud service providers and promises theoretically infinite computing resources. On the other hand, permissionless blockchains are powered by open networks of geographically distributed computing nodes owned by entities that are not necessarily known or trusted. This paradigm shift requires a reconsideration of distributed data management protocols and distributed system designs that assume low latency across system components, inelastic computing resources, or fully trusted computing resources.In this dissertation, we propose new system designs and optimizations that address scalability and efficiency of distributed data management systems in cloud environments. We also propose several protocols and new programming paradigms to extend the functionality and enhance the robustness of permissionless blockchains. The work presented spans global-scale transaction processing, large-scale stream processing, atomic transaction processing across permissionless blockchains, and extending the functionality and the use-cases of permissionless blockchains. In all these directions, the focus is on rethinking system and protocol designs to account for novel cloud and permissionless blockchain assumptions. For global-scale transaction processing, we propose GPlacer, a placement optimization framework that decides replica placement of fully and partial geo-replicated databases. For large-scale stream processing, we propose Cache-on-Track (CoT) an adaptive and elastic client-side cache that addresses server-side load-imbalances that occur in large-scale distributed storage layers. In permissionless blockchain transaction processing, we propose AC3WN, the first correct cross-chain commitment protocol that guarantees atomicity of cross-chain transactions. Also, we propose TXSC, a transactional smart contract programming framework. TXSC provides smart contract developers with transaction primitives. These primitives allow developers to write smart contracts without the need to reason about the anomalies that can arise due to concurrent smart contract function executions. In addition, we propose a forward-looking architecture that unifies both permissioned and permissionless blockchains and exploits the running infrastructure of permissionless blockchains to build global asset management systems

Distributed Service Broker Policy Algorithm for Logistics over Cloud

Logistics information system focuses on flow of information with storage and services of goods supply from the origin point to consumption point of organization. Logistics information system makes this flow more efficient with the help of cloud. Cloud computing manages the logistics information system centrally. The centralized data center keeps the track of information distribution which creates network congestion and overloading on data center when various requests of users from different regions occur at same time. So, the data center needs to be maintained effectively for better performance. This paper presents the distributed service broker policy to implement centralized data center and proposes distributed data center for logistics information system over cloud. This paper also presents the result of distributed service broker policy algorithm to reduce network congestion, higher latency and cost due to large number of demand of particular service in distributed data center for logistics

Scenarios for the development of smart grids in the UK: literature review

Smart grids are expected to play a central role in any transition to a low-carbon energy future, and much research is currently underway on practically every area of smart grids. However, it is evident that even basic aspects such as theoretical and operational definitions, are yet to be agreed upon and be clearly defined. Some aspects (efficient management of supply, including intermittent supply, two-way communication between the producer and user of electricity, use of IT technology to respond to and manage demand, and ensuring safe and secure electricity distribution) are more commonly accepted than others (such as smart meters) in defining what comprises a smart grid. It is clear that smart grid developments enjoy political and financial support both at UK and EU levels, and from the majority of related industries. The reasons for this vary and include the hope that smart grids will facilitate the achievement of carbon reduction targets, create new employment opportunities, and reduce costs relevant to energy generation (fewer power stations) and distribution (fewer losses and better stability). However, smart grid development depends on additional factors, beyond the energy industry. These relate to issues of public acceptability of relevant technologies and associated risks (e.g. data safety, privacy, cyber security), pricing, competition, and regulation; implying the involvement of a wide range of players such as the industry, regulators and consumers. The above constitute a complex set of variables and actors, and interactions between them. In order to best explore ways of possible deployment of smart grids, the use of scenarios is most adequate, as they can incorporate several parameters and variables into a coherent storyline. Scenarios have been previously used in the context of smart grids, but have traditionally focused on factors such as economic growth or policy evolution. Important additional socio-technical aspects of smart grids emerge from the literature review in this report and therefore need to be incorporated in our scenarios. These can be grouped into four (interlinked) main categories: supply side aspects, demand side aspects, policy and regulation, and technical aspects.

Enabling Distributed Applications Optimization in Cloud Environment

The past few years have seen dramatic growth in the popularity of public clouds, such as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Container-as-a-Service (CaaS). In both commercial and scientific fields, quick environment setup and application deployment become a mandatory requirement. As a result, more and more organizations choose cloud environments instead of setting up the environment by themselves from scratch. The cloud computing resources such as server engines, orchestration, and the underlying server resources are served to the users as a service from a cloud provider. Most of the applications that run in public clouds are the distributed applications, also called multi-tier applications, which require a set of servers, a service ensemble, that cooperate and communicate to jointly provide a certain service or accomplish a task. Moreover, a few research efforts are conducting in providing an overall solution for distributed applications optimization in the public cloud. In this dissertation, we present three systems that enable distributed applications optimization: (1) the first part introduces DocMan, a toolset for detecting containerized application’s dependencies in CaaS clouds, (2) the second part introduces a system to deal with hot/cold blocks in distributed applications, (3) the third part introduces a system named FP4S, a novel fragment-based parallel state recovery mechanism that can handle many simultaneous failures for a large number of concurrently running stream applications

Future Challenges and Mitigation Methods for High Photovoltaic Penetration: A Survey

: Integration of high volume (high penetration) of photovoltaic (PV) generation with power grids consequently leads to some technical challenges that are mainly due to the intermittent nature of solar energy, the volume of data involved in the smart grid architecture, and the impact power electronic-based smart inverters. These challenges include reverse power flow, voltage fluctuations, power quality issues, dynamic stability, big data challenges and others. This paper investigates the existing challenges with the current level of PV penetration and looks into the challenges with high PV penetration in future scenarios such as smart cities, transactive energy, proliferation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), possible eclipse events, big data issues and environmental impacts. Within the context of these future scenarios, this paper reviewed the existing solutions and provides insights to new and future solutions that could be explored to ultimately address these issues and improve the smart grid’s security, reliability and resilienc

Design Space Exploration and Resource Management of Multi/Many-Core Systems

The increasing demand of processing a higher number of applications and related data on computing platforms has resulted in reliance on multi-/many-core chips as they facilitate parallel processing. However, there is a desire for these platforms to be energy-efficient and reliable, and they need to perform secure computations for the interest of the whole community. This book provides perspectives on the aforementioned aspects from leading researchers in terms of state-of-the-art contributions and upcoming trends