Measurement of nutrient leakage from organic crop rotation in Finland

Water discharge and nutrient leakage studies were conducted in an experimental field on organic farming practices for 20 years. Water discharge was measured and flow-weighted water samples were taken from mixed crop rotation

Recent changes of water discharge and sediment load in the Yellow River basin, China

The Yellow River basin contributes approximately 6% of the sediment load from all river systems globally, and the annual runoff directly supports 12% of the Chinese population. As a result, describing and understanding recent variations of water discharge and sediment load under global change scenarios are of considerable importance. The present study considers the annual hydrologic series of the water discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River basin obtained from 15 gauging stations (10 mainstream, 5 tributaries). The Mann-Kendall test method was adopted to detect both gradual and abrupt change of hydrological series since the 1950s. With the exception of the area draining to the Upper Tangnaihai station, results indicate that both water discharge and sediment load have decreased significantly (p<0.05). The declining trend is greater with distance downstream, and drainage area has a significant positive effect on the rate of decline. It is suggested that the abrupt change of the water discharge from the late 1980s to the early 1990s arose from human extraction, and that the abrupt change in sediment load was linked to disturbance from reservoir construction.Geography, PhysicalGeosciences, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)43ARTICLE4541-5613

Water discharge and nutrient leaching from organic mixed crop rotation

Water discharge and nutrient leaching studies were conducted in an experimental field under organic farming practice for 20 years. The water discharge measurements cover five years out of a six-year crop rotation. The water discharge for the whole year was 1520 m³/ha (=152 mm). More than 2/3 of the total discharge occurred in April-May. The total precipitation for the whole year was 680 mm. The total amount of N in the drainage runoff was 11.5 kg/ha and the flow-weighted average content 7.5 mg/l. The total amount of P in the drainage runoff was 48 g/ha and the flow-weighted average content 0.031 mg/l. 85 % of the total P was dissolved reactive phosphorus (DPR). Some preliminary correlation between N leaching and N management was observed, i.e. higher N concentrations in drainage water were found on green fallow after autumn ploughing compared to first-year grass or spring cereal. Variation in the P concentration of the drainage water between the plots seems to be correlated to soil P status rather than P management

Characterization of Ground Water Discharge to Hampton Harbor

The project goals were to assess inter-tidal groundwater discharge and concurrent nutrient loading to Hampton Harbor. This will include maps of suspected groundwater discharge zones and measurements of nutrient loading. The principal means of assessment was an aerial survey of the study area during low tide using thermal infrared (TIR) imagery. The TIR imagery was used to detect and locate upwelling groundwater discharge zones within the harbor. The location of groundwater discharge zones as it relates to upgradient land use can be instructive for water quality

Solar-powered pump

A solar powered pump particularly suited for intermittently delivering a stream of water is reported. The pump is characterized by a housing adapted to be seated in a source of water having a water discharge port disposed above the water line of the source, a sump including a valved inlet port through which water is introduced to the sump, disposed beneath the water line, a displacer supported for vertical reciprocation in said housing, an air passageway extended between the vertically spaced faces of the displacer, and a tipple disposed adjacent to the water discharge port adapted to be filled in response to a discharge of water from the housing. Air above a displacer is expanded in response to solar energy impinging on the housing and transferred into pressurizing relation with the sump for forcing water from the sump

ECOLOGIC APPROACH TO THE RESTORATION PROCESS AT AREAS DEGRADED BY MINING OPERATIONS

Donetsk Region belongs to the zone of the most Ukrainian critical ones in provision with water and the quality of water. The main reason of the water quality deterioration is anthropogenic pollution due to untreated water discharge by the region’s industrial enterprises to water objects

Under water discharge in bubbles in very low conductive solutions

This contribution presents experimental results obtained with underwater electric discharge created in rising gas bubbles. This discharge configuration is relatively new, and combines both gas and liquid phase discharges. The properties and mechanism of bubble discharge generation were investigated using a single pulsed high voltage. The electric discharge was generated in a pin-to-plate electrode configuration submerged in deionized water with conductivity of 2.0–5.0 μS/m. The gas bubbles were formed by injecting the gas through a glass filter disc at the bottom of the water tank. Air and helium were used as inlet gas. A spark gap pulse generator triggered the single negative high voltage pulses with rise times below 10 ns and peak voltages of 15–20 kV. The bubble position at the moment of high voltage application was accidental. The measured spectra were qualitatively reproducible, but significant quantitative differences were observed. We observed two types of discharge inside the bubble: delayed and direct spark discharge. The emission spectra of these two discharge kinds were qualitatively very similar

Water-Data Report 2013

The report provides a brief overview of daily water discharge over the course of a year at Waller Creek at Koenig Lane. Water year data from 2007 to 2013 is also included.Surface water records for USGS station at Waller Creek and Koenig LaneWaller Creek Working Grou

Feasibility studies in relation to the IMO Ballast Water Convention

This project is aimed to develop possibilities to overcome the difficulties which arise from the implementation of the Ballast Water Convention (IMO 2004). For this purpose, three feasibility studies have been conducted: assessment of the applicability of small scale test systems; development of protocols for testing active substance residues; risk assessment of ballast water discharge