Image Perception

n/

Improving medical image perception by hierarchical clustering based segmentation

It has been well documented that radiologists' performance is not perfect: they make both false positive and false negative decisions. For example, approximately thirty percent of early lung cancer is missed on chest radiographs when the evidence is clearly visible in retrospect. Currently computer-aided detection (CAD) uses software, designed to reduce errors by drawing radiologists' attention to possible abnormalities by placing prompts on images. Alberdi et al examined the effects of CAD prompts on performance, comparing the negative effect of no prompt on a cancer case with prompts on a normal case. They showed that no prompt on a cancer case can have a detrimental effect on reader sensitivity and that the reader performs worse than if the reader was not using CAD. This became particularly apparent when difficult cases were being read. They suggested that the readers were using CAD as a decision making tool instead of a prompting aid. They conclude that "incorrect CAD can have a detrimental effect on human decisions". The goal of this paper is to explore the possibility of using hierarchical clustering based segmentation (HSC), as a perceptual aid, to improve the performance of the reader

Improving medical image perception by hierarchical clustering based segmentation

It has been well documented that radiologists' performance is not perfect: they make both false positive and false negative decisions. For example, approximately thirty percent of early lung cancer is missed on chest radiographs when the evidence is clearly visible in retrospect [1]. Currently Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) uses software, designed to reduce errors by drawing radiologists' attention to possible abnormalities by placing prompts on images. Alberdi et al examined the effects of CAD prompts on performance, comparing the negative effect of no prompt on a cancer case with prompts on a normal case. They showed that no prompt on a cancer case can have a detrimental effect on reader sensitivity and that the reader performs worse than if the reader was not using CAD. This became particularly apparent when difficult cases were being read. They suggested that the readers were using CAD as a decision making tool instead of a prompting aid. They conclude that "incorrect CAD can have a detrimental effect on human decisions" [2]. The goal of this paper is to explore the possibility of using Hierarchical Clustering based Segmentation (HCS) [3], as a perceptual aid, to improve the performance of the reader

Descriptive Study On Destination Image Perception By The Surabaya Domestic Tourists

Tourist destinations is an important sector role inthe economy. For that a tourist destination should be handled properly in order to meet the expectations of tourists and the community. Indicators that can be used to find out how the performance of tourist destinations is the image of tourism destinations. This study aims to describe how the image of tourists to the city of Surabaya as a tourist destination. Dimensions are used to measure the perceptions of tourists are (1) environmental beauty and convenience, (2) the country’s citizens,(3) place and architectural structure, (4) shopping and tourist accommodation, and (5) local culture and cuisine. The results showed that respondents are divided into 2 based on the perception of the destination image Surabaya city. The most positive image in the dimension of the shopping and accommodation, and the lowest image is the structure of space and architecture. Tourists give the perception that the city of Surabaya has a shopping tour of interesting places to visit, but the historic sights and natural attractions are still not yet become an attractive option to visit

Body Image Perception: Adolescent Boys and Avatar Depiction in Video Games

Research on mass media’s impact on body image has mostly been focused on females thus far. Of the little research that has been done on male body image, most of it has been focused on adult males, and therefore the effect of mass media on adolescent boys’ body image is still a relatively primitive field of knowledge. Through comparing the exposure of adolescent boys to muscular avatars in popular video games, a source of mass media that a majority of adolescent boys are exposed to, and relating it to research done on the effects of frequent ideal image exposure through other forms of mass media on males, the influence of video games on the body image of adolescent boys can be determined. This study consisted of several factors: (1) understanding the impact of constantly viewing ideal images in mass media on males’ perceptions of their own bodies, (2) reviewing the body types of the male avatars in several modern, popular video games played by adolescent boys, (3) relating the exposure of video game avatars on adolescent boys’ views of their own physiques, and (4) examining the implications of negative body image on adolescent boys’ eating and exercise strategies. Although video game avatars tend to have a slightly different body shape than those presented in most types of mass media, their unifying trait of naturally unattainable muscularity resulted a reaction among adolescent boys that was similar to that of adult males with regard to mesomorphic (muscular, V-shaped) body types in mass media. This resulting negative body image can lead to psychological disorders such as depression or such physical disorders as anabolic steroid usage, unnatural dieting, and excessive exercising

The association between nutritional status and body image perception among Auxiliary Police in UiTM Selangor, Malaysia / Mohd Fariezzuan Harun

Body image plays an important role in determining people's satisfaction towards their physical appearance. This study examined the relationship between nutritional status and body image perception among Auxiliary Police. Body image perception among Auxiliary Police is important to be studied as they are the frontline in the university that provide a safe and healthful environment to work, live and learn in the campus. This study aims (i) to assess nutritional status consisting of anthropometric data (BMI) of Auxiliary Police in UiTM, (ii) to determine the body image perception among Auxiliary Police in UiTM, (iii) to correlate the nutritional status and body image perception of Auxiliary Police in UiTM. A total of 122 Auxiliary Police (l08 males and 14 females) aged between 20 to 60 years old from all UiTM campuses in Selangor (UiTM Shah Alam, UiTM Puncak Alam, UiTM Puncak Perdana, UiTM Sungai Buloh and UiTM Selayang) had involved in this cross sectional study. The instrument used in this study is Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) which is adapted from Dowson and Henderson (2001) and nutritional assessment is done by assessing their weight and height in order to obtain the BMI. All Auxiliary Police were chosen randomly. The data of this study is analysed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 and the Body Mass Index (BMI) were categorized by using the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007). Result shows that higher percentage of 54.1% Auxiliary Police have a low level of concern regarding body image perception compared to only 45.9% of them who have a higher concern towards their body image. Apart from that, it outline that there is no significant association between age, gender and household income with body image perception with p value = 0.198, P value = 0.450, P value 0.420 respectively. However, there is a positively strong relationship between BMI and body image perception with the p value obtained is < 0.05. Therefore, intervention programmes should be done to improve the body image perception among Auxiliary Police in UiTM. Keywords: Auxiliary Police, Body Dissatisfaction, Body Mass Index, Body Image Perception, Nutritional statu

Image management research

Two types of research issues are involved in image management systems with space station applications: image processing research and image perception research. The image processing issues are the traditional ones of digitizing, coding, compressing, storing, analyzing, and displaying, but with a new emphasis on the constraints imposed by the human perceiver. Two image coding algorithms have been developed that may increase the efficiency of image management systems (IMS). Image perception research involves a study of the theoretical and practical aspects of visual perception of electronically displayed images. Issues include how rapidly a user can search through a library of images, how to make this search more efficient, and how to present images in terms of resolution and split screens. Other issues include optimal interface to an IMS and how to code images in a way that is optimal for the human perceiver. A test-bed within which such issues can be addressed has been designed

Body image perception and body composition: assessment of perception inconsistency by a new index

BACKGROUND: A correct perception of the body image, as defined by comparison with actual anthropometric analyses, is crucial to ensure the best possible nutritional status of each individual. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) represents a leading technique to assess body composition parameters and, in particular, the fat mass. This study examined the self-perception of body image at various levels of adiposity proposing a new index. METHODS: We investigated 487 young Italian adults (mean age of males: 21.9 ± 2.4&nbsp;years; mean age of females: 21.0 ± 2.2&nbsp;years). Each subject could choose, on the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the silhouette that he/she considered most resembling his/her perceived body image as well as his/her ideal body image. On each subject, we performed anthropometric measurements and determined the values of Fat mass and &nbsp;út with BIA. A new index, FAIFAT (Feel fat status minus Actual fat status Inconsistency), was developed to evaluate possible fat status perception inconsistencies by BIA. RESULTS: Based on ideal and feel body image comparison, women showed higher dissatisfaction than men and preferred slimmer silhouettes. FAIFAT values indicated that the fat status perception was correct in the majority of the examined individuals and only three subjects showed a serious misperception. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that FAIFAT is an appropriate index for assessing the perceived fat status from the body image when compared with data obtained by BIA. In a population, the use of this index will allow the correct identification of groups at risk for eating disorders

Exploring the relationship between EU political opinion, Euroscepticism, and populist attitudes with destination image perception

This study is a preliminary exploration of the relationship between populist attitudes and destination image perception. The study focused on the relationship between European political opinion and populist attitudes with destination image perception of international destinations. A European context was the focus given recent political landscape in the European Union (EU) due to 'Brexit,' issues surrounding European integration, the unresolved Eurozone and refugee crisis, and the rise right-wing populist parties. The findings suggest that individuals' political opinion about the EU is related to the destination image perception. Confidence in the EU results in a more positive perception of less popular destinations, whereas Euroscepticism results in a more negative perception of less popular destinations