10,919 research outputs found
The eye gaze direction of an observed person can bias perception, memory, and attention in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder
The reported experiments aimed to investigate whether a person and his or her gaze direction presented in the context of a naturalistic scene cause perception, memory, and attention to be biased in typically developing adolescents and high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A novel computerized image manipulation program presented a series of photographic scenes, each containing a person. The program enabled participants to laterally maneuver the scenes behind a static window, the borders of which partially occluded the scenes. The gaze direction of the person in the scenes spontaneously cued attention of both groups in the direction of gaze, affecting judgments of preference (Experiment 1a) and causing memory biases (Experiment 1b). Experiment 2 showed that the gaze direction of a person cues visual search accurately to the exact location of gaze in both groups. These findings suggest that biases in preference, memory, and attention are caused by another person's gaze direction when viewed in a complex scene in adolescents with and without ASD (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
The eye gaze direction of an observed person can bias perception, memory, and attention in adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder
The reported experiments aimed to investigate whether a person and his or her gaze direction presented in the context of a naturalistic scene cause perception, memory, and attention to be biased in typically developing adolescents and high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A novel computerized image manipulation program presented a series of photographic scenes, each containing a person. The program enabled participants to laterally maneuver the scenes behind a static window, the borders of which partially occluded the scenes. The gaze direction of the person in the scenes spontaneously cued attention of both groups in the direction of gaze, affecting judgments of preference (Experiment 1a) and causing memory biases (Experiment 1b). Experiment 2 showed that the gaze direction of a person cues visual search accurately to the exact location of gaze in both groups. These findings suggest that biases in preference, memory, and attention are caused by another person's gaze direction when viewed in a complex scene in adolescents with and without ASD (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Fast Hands-free Writing by Gaze Direction
We describe a method for text entry based on inverse arithmetic coding that
relies on gaze direction and which is faster and more accurate than using an
on-screen keyboard.
These benefits are derived from two innovations: the writing task is matched
to the capabilities of the eye, and a language model is used to make
predictable words and phrases easier to write.Comment: 3 pages. Final versio
Does gaze direction modulate facial expression processing in children with autism spectrum disorder?
Two experiments investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) integrate relevant communicative signals, such as gaze direction, when decoding a facial expression. In Experiment 1, typically developing children (9â14 years old; n = 14) were faster at detecting a facial expression accompanying a gaze direction with a congruent motivational tendency (i.e., an avoidant facial expression with averted eye gaze) than those with an incongruent motivational tendency. Children with ASD (9â14 years old; n = 14) were not affected by the gaze direction of facial stimuli. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2, which presented only the eye region of the face to typically developing children (n = 10) and children with ASD (n = 10). These results demonstrated that children with ASD do not encode and/or integrate multiple communicative signals based on their affective or motivational tendency
Visual Expectations in Infants: Evaluating the Gaze-Direction Model
Schlesinger (in press) recently proposed a model of
eye movements as a tool for investigating infantsâ
visual expectations. In the present study, this gaze-direction
model was evaluated by (a) generating a set
of predictions concerning how infants distribute their
attention during possible and impossible events, and
(b) testing these predictions in a replication of
Baillargeonâs "car study" (1986; Baillargeon &
DeVos, 1991). We find that the model successfully
predicts general features of infantsâ gaze direction,
but not specific differences obtained during the
possible and impossible events. The implications of
these results for infant cognition research and theory
are discussed
3D Face tracking and gaze estimation using a monocular camera
Estimating a userâs gaze direction, one of the main novel user interaction technologies, will eventually be used for numerous applications where current methods are becoming less effective. In this paper, a new method is presented for estimating the gaze direction using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), which ïŹnds a linear relationship between two datasets deïŹning the face pose and the corresponding facial appearance changes. Afterwards, iris tracking is performed by blob detection using a 4-connected component labeling algorithm. Finally, a gaze vector is calculated based on gathered eye properties. Results obtained from datasets and real-time input conïŹrm the robustness of this metho
Cognitive Biases and Gaze Direction: An Experimental Study
This paper investigates the validity of the model of dual processing by means of eyetracking methods. In this theoretical framework, gaze direction may be a revealing signal of how automatic detection is modified or sustained by controlled search. We performed an experiment by using a stylized decisional framework, i.e. informational cascade, proposed by economists to investigate the rationality of imitative behavior. Our main result is that automatic detection as revealed by gaze direction is driven by mechanisms that are dependent on cognitive biases. In particular, we find significant statistical correlation between subjectsâ first fixation and their revealed patterns of choice. Our findings support the hypothesis that the process of automatic detection is not independent on cognitive processes.informational cascades, overconfidence, eye-tracking, information processing, cognitive biases
Direction Estimation Model for Gaze Controlled Systems
Detection of gaze requires estimation of the position and the relation between userâs pupil and glint. This position is mapped into the region of interest using different edge detectors by detecting the glint coordinates and further gaze direction. In this research paper, a Gaze Direction Estimation (GDE) model has been proposed for the comparative analysis of two standard edge detectors Canny and Sobel for estimating automatic detection of the glint, its coordinates and subsequently the gaze direction. The results indicate fairly good percentage of the cases where the correct glint coordinates and subsequently correct gaze direction quadrants have been estimated. These results can further be used for improving the accuracy and performance of different eye gaze based systems
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