Chemical Contents of Hydroponic Plants

The world is increasingly sophisticated with technologies that help humans in the move, even in terms of compliance with food, but it is still in line with the development of technology that is the growing amount of human birth, so the lack of area for fulfillment in terms of planting of food crops, but the land is mostly reserved residential land, and even more we see this village, which is clearing land to grow crops other than basic foodstuffs, but only to enrich themselves. How do we as human beings who still want to meet the food needs facing arable land diminishing modern era is farming no longer have to use the soil of various methods of planting can be used for those who want to pursue her, one of which is farming hydroponic, hydroponics itself is a means farming without soil media when faced with the problems faced in the world in terms of food production, hydroponic gardening system offers a promising solution. In poor countries where soil or climate inhospitable to agriculture, hydroponics offers a means to grow crops with ease. also in areas where the soil has lost its nutrients or fertile land is hard to come by, hydroponics can be an ideal alternative to farming

Soil microstructure and electron microscopy

As part of the process of comparing Martian soils with terrestial soils, high resolution electron microscopy and associated techniques should be used to examine the finer soil particles, and various techniques of electron and optical microscopy should be used to examine the undisturbed structure of Martian soils. To examine the structure of fine grained portions of the soil, transmission electron microscopy may be required. A striking feature of many Martian soils is their red color. Although the present-day Martian climate appears to be cold, this color is reminiscent of terrestial tropical red clays. Their chemical contents are broadly similar

Detection of internal quality in kiwi with time-domain diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Time-domain diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (TRS), a medical sensing technique, was used to evaluate internal kiwi fruit quality. The application of this pulsed laser spectroscopic technique was studied as a new, possible non-destructive, method to detect optically different quality parameters: firmness, sugar content, and acidity. The main difference with other spectroscopic techniques is that TRS estimates separately and at the same time absorbed light and scattering inside the sample, at each wavelength, allowing simultaneous estimations of firmness and chemical contents. Standard tests (flesh puncture, compression with ball, .Brix, total acidity, skin color) have been used as references to build estimative models, using a multivariate statistical approach. Classification functions of the fruits into three groups achieved a performance of 75% correctly classified fruits for firmness, 60% for sugar content, and 97% for acidity. Results demonstrate good potential for this technique to be used in the development of new sensors for non-destructive quality assessment

Genome-inspired molecular identification in organic matter via Raman spectroscopy

Rapid, non-destructive characterization of molecular level chemistry for organic matter (OM) is experimentally challenging. Raman spectroscopy is one of the most widely used techniques for non-destructive chemical characterization, although it currently does not provide detailed identification of molecular components in OM, due to the combination of diffraction-limited spatial resolution and poor applicability of peak-fitting algorithms. Here, we develop a genome-inspired collective molecular structure fingerprinting approach, which utilizes ab initio calculations and data mining techniques to extract molecular level chemistry from the Raman spectra of OM. We illustrate the power of such an approach by identifying representative molecular fingerprints in OM, for which the molecular chemistry is to date inaccessible using non-destructive characterization techniques. Chemical properties such as aromatic cluster size distribution and H/C ratio can now be quantified directly using the identified molecular fingerprints. Our approach will enable non-destructive identification of chemical signatures with their correlation to the preservation of biosignatures in OM, accurate detection and quantification of environmental contamination, as well as objective assessment of OM with respect to their chemical contents

An investigation of the health hazards of some of the chemical content of powdered juice sold in the Gambia

This short piece takes a limited look at the health hazards of the chemical contents of seven fruit juices sold in The Gambia. All of them have very negative effects on health. The following additives were considered: sweeteners, coloring agents, flavoring agents and acidifiers vis-à-vis established studies. [African Journal of Chemical Education—AJCE 5(1), January 2015

Central Kalimantan's Fast Growing Species: Suitability for Pulp and Paper

Recent studies of fast growing species grown in PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, Central Kalimantan, show that based on their fiber dimensions there are five species, namely Endospermum diadenum, Dillenia spp., Adinandra dumosa, Adiandra sp., and Nauclea junghuhnii with good potential for pulp and paper production. The fiber length of those five wood species are was more than 2,200 µm on average. This paper studies the physical properties, fiber dimensions and their chemical contents to predict the paper and pulp quality. The result shows that all of the species were classified in the medium to high density category. All species were classified into the first class quality for pulp and paper. Based on chemical contents, Dillenia sp. is the most suitable species due to its high value of holocellulose and a-cellulose, low lignin content, and its fiber length is about 3,119 µm on average. A. dumosa also has good opportunities because it had the longest fiber lengths (3,137 µm on average) and high value of holocellulose, even though it has the highest lignin content. While Nuclea junghuhnii is less suitable due to low values of holocellulose and a-cellulose

Experimental analysis of groundwater flow through a landslide slip surface using natural and artificial water chemical tracers.

International audienceArtificial and natural tracer tests combined with high accurate electronic distancemeter measurements are conducted on a small landslide with a well known slip surface geometry. Outflow yields and chemical contents are monitored for all the experiment duration and they analyzed to estimate the slip surface hydraulic parameters. The main result is that the slip surface acts as a drain for groundwater flows that evacuates interstitial pressures in the slope and brings the sliding mass to be more stable one

Building bridges to chemistry through biological contents : development and testing of a university seminar for teacher students of science at primary school level

Im Sachunterricht werden chemische Aspekte trotz expliziter Vorgaben in Lehrplänen nur deutlich unterrepräsentiert unterrichtet. Während die Bildungsrelevanz dieser Inhalte von Lehrkräften nicht in Frage gestellt wird, mangelt es ihnen häufig an positiven Einstellungen, Interesse und Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept gegenüber chemiebezogenen Inhalten sowie an einer positiven Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung in Bezug auf das Unterrichten dieser Inhalte. Unter Beachtung dieser Ursachen wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Seminar für Grundschullehramtsstudierende entwickelt, mit dem bereits während der universitären Ausbildung günstige Voraussetzungen zur Vermittlung chemischer Themen im Sachunterricht gelegt werden sollen. Leitende Idee dabei ist eine Verknüpfung chemischer Inhalte mit biologischen, um im Sinne eines Motivationstransfers die positiven Einstellungen der Studierenden zur Biologie bzw. zur Natur zu nutzen. Zur Untersuchung der Lehrveranstaltung in Hinblick auf die genannten Faktoren werden verschiedene Testverfahren eingesetzt, um im Rahmen einer Methodentriangulation ein breites Bild der Wirkungen des Seminars zu erhalten. Zu diesen Methoden zählen das Own Word Mapping, ein selbstentwickelter bildbezogener Assoziationstest, das Semantisches Differential und ein Fragebogen mit ergänzender mündlicher Befragung. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Studierende nach dem Seminar verstärkt Verbindungen zwischen Chemie und Biologie erkennen und chemische Aspekte in ihrer Umgebung eher wahrnehmen. Zudem ist ein positiver Einfluss auf unbewusste Einstellungen gegenüber dem Konzept Chemie, auf das Interesse und das Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept bezüglich chemischer Inhalte sowie auf die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung in Bezug auf das Unterrichten dieser Inhalte erkennbar. Die in der Arbeit vorgestellte Seminargestaltung kann somit dazu beitragen, günstige Voraussetzungen für einen Einbezug chemischer Themen im zukünftigen Unterricht der Studierenden zu schaffen.Chemical contents in primary schools are still underrepresented, notwithstanding respective curriculum guidelines. Although teachers are aware of the significance of these contents, they often lack positive attitudes towards chemical topics and do not show much interest in them. Closely related is a widespread low self-efficacy for chemical contents and a negative self-concept to teach them. In this thesis the mentioned reasons for the underrepresentation of chemical contents are taken into account to develop a seminar for students of general studies (science and social studies at primary school level). Thus favourable preconditions for the teaching of chemical contents in primary school are expected to be created during university education. The guiding principle of the seminar is a combination of chemical and biological contents in order to transfer the students’ positive attitudes towards biology also to chemistry. A variety of different methods is used to evaluate the effects of the seminar in order to gain a comprehensive overview through this triangulation. These methods include Own Word Mapping, a self-developed, picture based association test, the Semantic Differential and a questionnaire with complementary oral questioning. The results indicate that the students perceive more connections between chemistry and biology and more chemical aspects in their environment after the seminar. Furthermore, a positive influence of the seminar on the unconscious attitudes towards chemistry and on the interest in chemical topics is revealed. Students show a higher self-efficacy concerning chemistry as well as a more positive self-concept concerning the teaching of chemical contents. The design of the seminar therefore supports the foundation of favorable conditions for an increased teaching of chemical aspects in primary school

The radial metallicity gradient and the history of elemental enrichment in M81 through emission-line probes

We present a new set of weak-line abundances of HII regions in M81, based on Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) observations. The aim is to derive plasma and abundance analysis for a sizable set of emission-line targets to study the galactic chemical contents in the framework of galactic metallicity gradients. We used the weak-line abundance approach by deriving electron density and temperatures for several HII regions in M81. Gradient analysis is based on oxygen abundances.Together with a set of HII region abundances determined similarly by us with Multi-Mirror Telescope (MMT) spectra, the new data yield to a radial oxygen gradient of -0.088$\pm$0.013 dex kpc$^{-1}$, which is steeper than the metallicity gradient obtained for planetary nebulae (-0.044$\pm$0.007 dex kpc$^{-1}$). This result could be interpreted as gradient evolution with time: Models of galactic evolution with inside-out disk formation associated to pre-enriched gas infall would produce such difference of gradients, although stellar migration effects would also induce a difference in the metallicity gradients between the old and young populations. By comparing the M81 metallicity gradients with those of other spiral galaxies, all consistently derived from weak-line analysis, we can infer that similar gradient difference is common among spirals. The metallicity gradient slopes for HII regions and PNe seem to be steeper in M81 than in other galactic disks, which is likely due to the fact that M81 belongs to a galaxy group. We also found that M81 has experienced an average oxygen enrichment of 0.14$\pm$0.08 dex in the spatial domain defined by the observations. Our data are compatible with a break in the radial oxygen gradient slope around R$_{25}$ as inferred by other authors both in M81 and in other galaxies.Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics, in pres