Industrial safety and technologicalization: An analysis of the management of industrial safety programs in Saudi Arabia

The problem of this research was to determine the present industrial safety measures in selected Saudi Arabian industries, and to determine the status of government activity and involvement in industrial safety. The procedural methods that were incorporated in this research were: An intensive review of the literature was conducted concerning the management principals and theories of industrial safety programs. Two data collection instruments were designed. The questionnaire was designed to determine: (a) the status of industrial safety procedures, (b) the practices of management regarding safety, and (c) the extent of management acceptance of responsibility for industrial safety in accordance with the basic elements of any safety program. The second instrument was an interview schedule and it was designed to determine the status of government activities and to provide information concerning the extent of the government\u27s involvement, practice and responsibility for industrial safety. The questionnaires were personally delivered to 119 industries and personally collected from 103 industries -- a return rate of 86.6%. Interview sessions were held with 20 government officials in both administrative and educational branches of government. The findings indicated: Lack of leadership in managing the safety function by industry\u27s management. Inadequate management knowledge of its responsibility and function for accident prevention. Inadequate safety training for supervisors and employees, and of making safety training an organizational requirement. Insufficient records on work-related injuries, lost work time, and cost of accidents. Insufficiency of clearly established procedures and defined requirements for physical surveys. Absence of medically trained personnel in industrial facilities. Lack of management\u27s activities in motivating workers in safety and promoting safe work habits. Inadequate government support and activities for industry regarding safety. Inadequacy of government involvement in safety. Insufficient government accident records. Absence of a government industrial safety policy. The conclusions drawn from the study were that the management of Saudi Arabian industry evidenced a minimal leadership role in managing the safety functions of their organizations. Management\u27s knowledge of its responsibility for preventing accidents was insufficient. The government\u27s current practices, activities and safety measures for the prevention of industrial accidents were minimal. In addition, there was an apparent insufficient involvement and coordination among the many different government ministries and agencies in industrial safety. Efforts should be initiated to bring about greater awareness and activity on the part of industry and government in respect to safety programming and accident prevention

Design of a Model of Knee Joint for Educational Purposes

Uses ofmodels play an important role by simulating the bone, obviating the need to experiment on humans or animals.The aim of the present study was to access local materials as gypsum and wax is to be tested for performing a   knee model matching bone in the density also to explore how students can come to understand function through a modelbaseddesign task.The basic element of the model structure was gypsum powder, water for mixing and as a solvent to change the powder form into a liquid then solid after its dryness, the materials used in imaging also includes commercial silicon which represent muscle tissue  and wax.Conclusions: The presented model not only has lower cost and complexity, which make it suitable for educational purposes, but also is capable of providing good images of knee joint for quality control and training purposeswill improve the learning experience, and reduces the time on task for students and the material costs as well.The produced new, simple, and low-cost modelmight beused for training purpose for student radiographers. Keywords: Knee Joint, Educational Purposes,Wax,Silicon

Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) Seven Years Experience From Department Of Surgery, Faculty Of Medicine, Umm-Alqura, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Aims and objectives: In this article we aim to sharing and exchanging experiences at all levels of applying objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), to reduce trial and errors cost inefficiencies and to help and accelerate the acceptance the new comers to this assessment tool. Setting and Methods: The department of surgery, faculty of medicine, Umm-Alqura University Makkah adopting OSCE as an essential tool of assessment in fourth, fifth and sixth years, from the first batch of the students (1420H/1999/2000). It was first held in may 2000 (batch I- 21 students) and the numbers gradually increasing, till it reached 146 students in 2007 (batch 7). During these seven years experience of running the examinations we have run till now more than twenty five consecutive OSCE examinations, and sometime quadruplicated, which have been continuously evaluated and reviewed with the help of our external examiners. We are always refining the process and content with some development of new and innovative implementation, the department has improved the process and contents of OSCE. Lessons learned and conclusions: A well-organized OSCE requires significant investment in terms of planning, resources and enthusiasm, but can have potentially beneficial impacts on the assessments tools especially in big number of candidates. However OSCE is a very good adjunct tool of assessment, and can be used in multicentric ways for big number of candidates, but also has its limitations and should be combined with other forms of assessment, which may be more valid and comprehensive to test competencies not easily tested within the OSCE format. Keywords: OSCE- Experience- Department of surgery, Umm - Alqura University.Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 3 (3) 2008: pp. 185-19

Development of a capture-gated fast neutron detector with pulse shape discrimination using digital pulse processing

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Design of a Model of Forearm Bone Fractures for Educational Purposes

This work explore new approach to demonstrate possible forearm fractures in humans as an educating means for student radiographers. The Design of abnormal bones are not normally available as phantoms, the manufacturer usually produce normal human musculoskeletal models for educational purpose. Hence fractures and abnormalities are usually first time observed by the students in clinical practice at the hospital, the author believe that this work can positively improve the clinical skill laboratories sessions at an earlier stage prior to the hospital training. With the help of such phantom, it can be considered as foundation practical sessions added to radiographic techniques, clinical practice and pathology courses to students radiographers and technologist. Moreover, a model was developed with high quality and low cost produced by local materials for medical education purposes. The present result indicated that the use of models for education and training purposes where interactive training tools will improve the learning experience, and reduces the time on task for students and the material costs as well. Keywords: Forearm, Fractures, Educational Purpose

Quick algorithms for real-time discrimination of neutrons and gamma rays

Several new methods for the digital discrimination of neutrons and gamma-rays in a mixed radiation field are presented. The methods introduced discriminate neutrons and gamma rays successfully in the digital domain. They are mathematically simple and exploit samples during the life time of the pulse, hence appropriate for field measurements. All these methods are applied to a set of mixed neutron and photon signals from a stilbene scintillator and their discrimination qualities are compared.V článku je prezentováno několik nových metod pro digitální diskriminace neutronů a gama záření ve směsném radiačním poli. Klasické metody diskriminace neutronů a gama záření pracují úspěšně v digitální doméně. Jsou matematicky jednoduché a využívat vzorků během doby trvání impulsu (odezvy) a jsou tedy vhodné pro měření v terénu. Všechny tyto metody jsou aplikovány na řadu odezev smíšených polí neutronového a fotonového záření ze scintilátoru typu stilben a jejich separační vlastnosti jsou porovnány.Several new methods for the digital discrimination of neutrons and gamma-rays in a mixed radiation field are presented. The methods introduced discriminate neutrons and gamma rays successfully in the digital domain. They are mathematically simple and exploit samples during the life time of the pulse, hence appropriate for field measurements. All these methods are applied to a set of mixed neutron and photon signals from a stilbene scintillator and their discrimination qualities are compared

Evaluation of the Biological Activities of Two Macro-Algae Collected from the Red Sea of Jeddah

Marine algae were used in many biological applications. Two marine algal samples, Halimeda tuna and Dictyota dichotoma, were collected from Obhur region, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, washed with water, dried and extracted with methanol. The antimicrobial activities were conducted against some pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the extracts of both Halimeda tuna and Dictyota dichotoma were active against at least one of the tested organisms. The highest antimicrobial activities of the extracts Halimeda tuna and Dictyota dichotoma were against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia. On contrast, both Halimeda tuna and Dictyota dichotoma showed weak inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Moreover, the mixture of the two algal extracts showed excellent inhibition for all the tested bacteria. In addition, a toxicological experiment was conducted for the two algal extracts using Artemia salina as test organism. No toxicity was found for the two tested methanolic extracts.   Furthermore, moderate antitumor activity was recorded for the two tested algal extracts against two cell lines, MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) using in vitro MTT and Neutral Red assays. Also, the chemical analysis of each algal extract was carried out. In conclusion, these algal extracts inhibited some pathogenic microbes and can be used as antimicrobial agents.  In conclusion, the two collected macro- algae showed antibacterial activities specially against Salmonella which contaminate food, thus the powder or the extracts of these two algae can be used safely as food additive

30-day mortality rate following hip fractures in elderly patients admitted to a tertiary care center

BackgroundThe incidence of hip fractures in elderly people is steadily rising. Hip fractures sometimes cause mortality especially within 30-days of the injury/incidence. Mortality varies according to the regions or institutes and its determination is clinically or socially important.AimsWe attempted this cross-sectional study to determine the 30-day mortality rate and its associated factors in elderly patients (>65) admitted to a tertiary center of Saudi Arabia for hip fractures.Methods A non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used and determined the 30-day mortality rate and its associated factors on 130 patients.Results A 30-days mortality rate of 15.4 per cent (n=20). Patients (n=130) backgrounds were as follows. Male: female; 57.7 per cent (n=75) and 42.3 per cent (n=55) respectively, with age of 79.6 (SD: 8.5; range 65–88). Comorbidities were present: diabetes mellitus70 per cent (n=91), hypertension 81.5 per cent (n=106), and dyslipidaemia (n=43).ConclusionMortality was 15.4 per cent. Male gender, dementia, and place of fall influenced the 30-days mortality rate. Fracture-type, medical comorbidities, and the causes of fall did not affect the mortality