Evaluation of Cannabis sativa leaves aquatic extract effect on triple regions of hippocampus neuronal density in male rats

زمینه و هدف: در گیاه شاهدانه (sativa Cannabis ) بیش از 61 ماده شیمیایی یافت شده که کانابینوئید نامیده می شود. کانابینوئیدها در تمام مراحل حافظه نقش دارند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی اثر عصاره آبی برگ گیاه شاهدانه بردانسیته نورونی نواحی CA1,CA2,CA3 (CA Ammonis, Cornu) هیپوکامپ می باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 24 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار با وزن تقریبی 350-300 گرمی، به سه گروه تجربی 1 و تجربی 2 و گروه شاهد تقسیم شدند. عصاره آبی برگ گیاه شاهدانه با روش سوکسله تهیه شد و در دو گروه تجربی به ترتیب با دوزهای 25 و 50 میلی گرم به کیلوگرم به روش داخل صفاقی برای مدت 3 هفته (هر هفته یکبار) و به گروه شاهد نرمال سالین تزریق شد. پس از یک ماه حیوانات با رامپون و کتامین بیهوش و مغز به آرامی از جمجمه خارج و در فرمالین نمکی 10 قرار گرفت. پس از طی مراحل پاساژ بافتی از مغز برش های سریال 7 میکرونی تهیه شد و با هماتوکسیلین، ائوزین رنگ آمیزی شد. از نواحی CA1,CA2,CA3 عکسبرداری و به طریقه دایسکتور دانسیته نورونی محاسبه و نتایج گروه ها با استفاده آزمون های آماری t، ANOVA و توکی با هم مقایسه شدند. یافته ها: میانگین دانسیته نورونی ناحیه CAlدر گروه کنترل و تجربی 1 و 2 به ترتیب 553±37396، 233±10081 و 382±10986، ناحیه CA2 449±33045، 284±14648 و 378±17147 و در ناحیه CA3 437±26324، 215±10469 و 359±13829 بود. آنالیز های آماری کاهش معنی داری را در دانسیته نورونی نواحی CA1,CA2,CA3 گروه تجربی (دوز 25 و 50 mg/kg عصاره آبی) نسبت به گروه کنترل نشان داد (001/0>P). نتیجه گیری: احتمال می رود عصاره آبی برگ گیاه شاهدانه با داشتن ترکیبات کانابینوییدی آزادسازی دوپامین را افزایش داده و تولید ایمپالس های مهاری می کند و از این طریق باعث تخریب نورونی شده بنحوی که دانسیته نورونی این ناحیه کاهش یافته است

Biochemical characterization of digestive carbohydrases from Xanthogaleruca luteola and inhibition of its α-amylase by inhibitors extracted from the common bean

Xanthogaleruca luteola Müll. (Col.: Chrysomelidae) is a major urban insect pest on elm trees in Iran. Digestion in the alimentary canal of the elm leaf beetle is facilitated by some carbohydrases which are responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates. The presence of digestive carbohydrases was determined in the digestive system of adult and last larval instar of the elm leaf beetle. The specific activity of α-amylase in the digestive system of adult females and last larval instars were 0.49± 0.05 and 0.72± 0.07 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Also, the amylase activity in the midgut of the last larval instar was 3.125- and 4.16-fold higher than that its activity in the foregut and hindgut, respectively. Results showed that optimum activity for α-amylase was found at pH 5. As calculated from Lineweaver-Burk plots, the Km values for α-amylase were 0.64 and 1.44 mg/ml, when glycogen and starch were used as substrates, respectively. The effect of pH and temperature on α- and ß-glucosidase and α- and β-galactosidase activities was determined in the digestive system of X. luteola. Results showed that the activity of α- and ß-glucosidases in adult females was higher than in larvae, but the Яgalactosidase activity in larvae was more than that of the adult. In adult females the glucosidase activity was higher than the galactosidase activity. The zymogram pattern in the native gel revealed that X. luteola α-amylase, β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase in the digestive system had one, three and one isoforms. α-amylase inhibitors, purified from Phaseolus vulgaris L. with an ion-exchange DEAE cellulose column showed good inhibitory activity on X. luteola gut α-amylase

Superiority of Bayesian Model Averaging to Stepwise Model in Selection of Factors Related to the Incidence of Type II diabetes in Pre-diabetic Women

Introduction:  The world prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its related increment mortality rate which needs high controls cost has attracted high scientific attention. Early detection of individuals who face this disease more than the others can prevent getting sick or at least reduce the disease consequences on public health. Regarding the costs and limitations of diagnostic tests, a statistical model is presented that helps predict the time of diabetes incidence and determines its risk factors. Furthermore, this model determines the significant predictor variables on response and considers them as model equation parameters.Materials and Methods: In this study, 803 pre-diabetic women in the age range of more than 20 years were selected from Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS) to examine the predictor variables on time of diabetes incidence. They were entered into the study in the phases 1 and 2 and were followed up to the phase 4. The predictor variables selection was performed using the Stepwise Model (SM) and the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). Then, the predictive discrimination was used to compare the results of both models. The Log-rank test was performed and the Kaplan-Meier Curve was plotted. The statistical analyses were performed using R software (version 3.1.3).Results: The Backward Stepwise Model (BSM), the Forward Stepwise Model (FSM) and the BMA have used 9, 10 and 6 variables, respectively. Although the BMA selected predictor variables number is much lower than the SM, the prediction ability remains nearly constant.Conclusions: The BMA has averaged on the supported models using dataset. This model has shown nearly constant accuracy despite the selection of lower predictor variables number in comparison to the SM

Healthful characteristics of pennyroyal essential oil

Pennyroyal, an aromatic herb, is considered by food and medicine industries. It grows in different countries and provides various technological and functional properties. Essential oils (especially ‘Pulegune’) are the effective materials of pennyroyal that causes anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and aromatic properties. These essential oils have significant effects on preventing growth of several species of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Furthermore, these oils maintain food quality by preventing the oxidation of fatty acids and increasing product shelf life. Therefore, it seems that pennyroyal is an appropriate alternative for synthetic antioxidants. On the other hand, it can be used in treatment from medicinal point of view. Overall, pennyroyal essential oils are a good, natural and economical alternative for food and medicine industries. The present article focuses on the healthful and technological characteristics of pennyroyal essential oils

Comparative histological and histochemical inter-species investigation of mammalian sub mandibular salivary glands

The major and accessory sub mandibular glands were obtained from different species of rodents belong to families Muridae (Meriones lybicus, Mus musculs, Cricetulus migraturus, Nesokia indica, Laboratory hamster and Apodemus sp.)? Dipodidae (Alactage elater and Jucullus blanfordi) and Sciuridae (Funambulus pennanti). The skulls of these species were separated immediately after death and fixed in buin with decalcification. Five um sections were stained with hematoxilen-eosin and tetrachrom. Periodic acid shiff and alcian blue (pH 1) were performed for sulfated natural mucins. Microscopic histological features, including existence of mucus and serous acini, presence of different kinds of tubules and different types of ducts as well as the histochemical characteristic features including histochemistry of different tubules and ducts in 2 different pH levels in the major and accessory sub mandibular glands in different rodents showed that the studied species proved to be different and the histological and histochemical study of sub mandibular salivary glands proved practicable with good discriminatory potential in evaluating the inter-species differences

The Effect of Family Empowerment Model on Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy in South of Iran, 2018: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract Objectives:Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the nervous system that significantly affects the performance and behavior of children. Epileptic children are at greater risk of cognitive and behavioral disorders than healthy children. Various factors associated with this disease affect the patients’ family. Materials & Methods:The present study is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted to evaluate the effect of family empowerment on quality of life of epileptic children referred to the desired centers (Bessat Clinic affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Imam Reza Clinic of Shiraz) in two experimental and control groups. 80 parents of these children were selected and studied, if they met the inclusion criteria of study. In this study, Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE) was used. It is completed by parents of these children. Results:The age of the studied children was 4 to 8 yrs. According to these results, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the level of changes in all dimensions, so that the mean score of quality of life in different factors increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05 in all dimensions). Conclusion:Implementing the family-centered care plan by care providers, based on patient-family support relationships, identifying their strengths and weaknesses, prioritizing the services provided, and an effective interaction with the health team increase the family and staff satisfaction, reduce the costs, and improve the outcome of the disease. &nbsp

Examining the Effect of Teaching Islamic-based Coping Strategies on Indicators of Chronic Pain and Quality of Life among Women with Fibromyalgia

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Nowadays, beliefs and religious coping are regarded as significant factors in developing psychological comfort and personal adaptation among patients with chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of teaching Islamic-based coping strategies on women with fibromyalgia in terms of chronic pain and quality of life.Method: The research design was a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest and control group format. The sample included women with FMS who referred to Pain Clinics of Kermanshah in 2016. After ensuring research entry requirements, they were assessed based on IASP, ACR criteria, Demographic Questionnaires, PIS, CPAQ and WHOQOL-26. Those who got the highest scores were selected via convenience sampling. Then, the participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance. In this study, the ethical issues were all considered and the authors declared no conflict of interest.Results: The results indicate a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in reduction of pain intensity and increase in pain acceptance (P<0.05). In addition, the total scores of the quality of life as well as subscales of psychological, physical, social and environmental health were significantly different (P<0.05).Conclusion: Teaching Islamic-based coping strategies affects the chronic pain and quality of life among people with fibromyalgia. As a result, such teachings used in conjunction with standard medical care would have a beneficial effect on health, reducing the severity of clinical disorders.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here