Communication and inclusion of children with language disorders due to neurologic aspects from the perspective of parents and teachers

The Brazilian educational system has been going through several modifications to answer to changes in inclusive policies. Studies regarding communication and inclusion of children with language disorders due to neurological causes require further attention, specifically in Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences. For the purpose of finding out how professionals in this field can contribute to the inclusion process, the aim of the study is to investigate the expectations, difficulties and support encountered by families and teachers of those children who undergo Speech-Language Pathology therapy. The corpus is composed of 11 children, 12 parents and 7 educators. The data was collected through the study of the children files, as well as from semi-structured interviews with families and teachers, video-recorded and transcribed orthographically. The data was analyzed according to references that support this study. The results show challenges in including some of the children in regular schools, particularly those with the most severe language disorders. There were also issues related to the preparation of the educators and the preparedness of some of the schools that received these students. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated that there have been advances, expressed by the inclusion of most of these children in regular schools and by greater willingness of the schools to receive these students. This finding was deduced from references to parents, educators and Speech-Language Pathologists sharing of information and experiences. From the perspective of the families and teachers, the findings point to the need for specialized health assistance and highlight the contribution of the Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences in communication and feeding in the process of inclusion.O sistema de educação brasileiro tem passado por diversas transformações em prol de mudanças que proporcionem uma política inclusiva. Estudos relativos à comunicação e inclusão de crianças com alterações de linguagem de origem neurológica necessitam, no entanto, de maior atenção, particularmente no âmbito da Fonoaudiologia. Tendo em vista buscar maiores subsídios de como o profissional desta área pode contribuir no processo de inclusão, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar as expectativas, dificuldades e facilidades encontradas pelas famílias e educadoras de crianças com alterações de linguagem em acompanhamento fonoaudiológico. O corpus constitui-se de 11 crianças, 12 familiares e 7 educadoras. Realizou-se a coleta de dados, por meio de estudo do prontuário institucional das crianças, e entrevistas semi-estruturadas distintas com os familiares e educadoras, gravadas em vídeo e transcritas ortograficamente. Os dados foram analisados à luz dos referenciais teóricos que respaldam esta pesquisa. Os resultados mostram dificuldades na inserção de algumas crianças na rede regular, particularmente, daquelas com maior comprometimento de linguagem, além de questionamentos quanto à formação do educador e preparo das instituições de ensino para receber tal população. Verificam-se avanços neste processo, expressos pela inclusão da maioria dos sujeitos na escola regular e por maior abertura institucional, evidenciada pelas referências de troca de informações/experiências entre pais, educadoras e fonoaudiólogos. Os achados corroboram, na perspectiva dos familiares e das educadoras, a necessidade do acompanhamento terapêutico especializado e evidenciam que a Fonoaudiologia pode contribuir, nos aspectos de comunicação e de alimentação, no processo de inclusão.25126

Comunicação e inclusão de crianças com alterações de linguagem de origem neurológica na perspectiva de pais e educadores Communication and inclusion of children with language disorders due to neurologic aspects from the perspective of parents and teachers

O sistema de educação brasileiro tem passado por diversas transformações em prol de mudanças que proporcionem uma política inclusiva. Estudos relativos à comunicação e inclusão de crianças com alterações de linguagem de origem neurológica necessitam, no entanto, de maior atenção, particularmente no âmbito da Fonoaudiologia. Tendo em vista buscar maiores subsídios de como o profissional desta área pode contribuir no processo de inclusão, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar as expectativas, dificuldades e facilidades encontradas pelas famílias e educadoras de crianças com alterações de linguagem em acompanhamento fonoaudiológico. O corpus constitui-se de 11 crianças, 12 familiares e 7 educadoras. Realizou-se a coleta de dados, por meio de estudo do prontuário institucional das crianças, e entrevistas semi-estruturadas distintas com os familiares e educadoras, gravadas em vídeo e transcritas ortograficamente. Os dados foram analisados à luz dos referenciais teóricos que respaldam esta pesquisa. Os resultados mostram dificuldades na inserção de algumas crianças na rede regular, particularmente, daquelas com maior comprometimento de linguagem, além de questionamentos quanto à formação do educador e preparo das instituições de ensino para receber tal população. Verificam-se avanços neste processo, expressos pela inclusão da maioria dos sujeitos na escola regular e por maior abertura institucional, evidenciada pelas referências de troca de informações/experiências entre pais, educadoras e fonoaudiólogos. Os achados corroboram, na perspectiva dos familiares e das educadoras, a necessidade do acompanhamento terapêutico especializado e evidenciam que a Fonoaudiologia pode contribuir, nos aspectos de comunicação e de alimentação, no processo de inclusão.The Brazilian educational system has been going through several modifications to answer to changes in inclusive policies. Studies regarding communication and inclusion of children with language disorders due to neurological causes require further attention, specifically in Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences. For the purpose of finding out how professionals in this field can contribute to the inclusion process, the aim of the study is to investigate the expectations, difficulties and support encountered by families and teachers of those children who undergo Speech-Language Pathology therapy. The corpus is composed of 11 children, 12 parents and 7 educators. The data was collected through the study of the children files, as well as from semi-structured interviews with families and teachers, video-recorded and transcribed orthographically. The data was analyzed according to references that support this study. The results show challenges in including some of the children in regular schools, particularly those with the most severe language disorders. There were also issues related to the preparation of the educators and the preparedness of some of the schools that received these students. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated that there have been advances, expressed by the inclusion of most of these children in regular schools and by greater willingness of the schools to receive these students. This finding was deduced from references to parents, educators and Speech-Language Pathologists sharing of information and experiences. From the perspective of the families and teachers, the findings point to the need for specialized health assistance and highlight the contribution of the Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences in communication and feeding in the process of inclusion

Motor and sensory effects of ipsilesional upper extremity hypothermia and contralesional sensory training for chronic stroke patients

As hypothermia by immersion can reduce the sensory nerve conduction velocity, this study hypothesized that the reduction of sensory input to the ipsilesional upper extremity (UE) using cryotherapy would reduce the inhibitory activity of the contralesional hemisphere in chronic stroke subjects. Objective: In this study, hypothermia was applied by immersing the ipsilesional UE in association with sensory training of the contralesional UE of stroke patients to assess the immediate (e.g. sensorimotor function, hemodynamics, and levels of comfort) and long-term (sensory and motor performances of the UEs) effects. Methods: The sample included 27 stroke patients allocated into group 1 (n=14), which received conventional physiotherapy for the affected UE, and group 2 (n=13), which underwent 10 sessions of immersion hypothermia of the ipsilesional wrist and hand. Assessments were performed pre- and post-treatment and at follow-up using esthesiometry, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), the Nottingham Sensory Assessment, functional tests, tactile and weight discrimination, motor sequence, level of comfort, and hemodynamic parameters. Results: The immediate effects of hypothermia using immersion of the ipsilesional UE in association with sensory training of the contralesional UE were hemodynamic stability during and after hypothermia, the absence of sensory abnormalities in the contralesional UE, hypoesthesia in the ipsilesional extremity (dermatomes C6 and C8) (P<0.05), the maintenance of acceptable levels of comfort, and good patient compliance to the technique. The long-term effects included significant increases in scores on tests performed without functional vision, in scores on blindfolded functional tests, and in tactile localization and joint position sense for the contralesional hand in group 2 as well as the maintenance of these gains at long-term follow-up (5 weeks). Improvement was also found in the tactile function of the C6 and C7 dermatomes of the contralesional hand (P<0.05). Conclusions: The use of immersion hypothermia on the ipsilesional UE in association with sensory training of the contralesional UE improved motor function and sensitivity in the contralesional UE of individuals with chronic stroke. Immersion hypothermia of the ipsilesional UE in chronic stroke patients is a safe, practical, inexpensive, and easily applied technique.As hypothermia by immersion can reduce the sensory nerve conduction velocity, this study hypothesized that the reduction of sensory input to the ipsilesional upper extremity (UE) using cryotherapy would reduce the inhibitory activity of the contralesional2214455sem informaçãosem informaçã

Sensory Deficits In Ipsilesional Upper-extremity In Chronic Stroke Patients.

Objective To investigate somatosensory deficits in the ipsilesional wrist and hand in chronic stroke patients and correlate these deficits with contralesional sensorimotor dysfunctions, functional testing, laterality and handedness.Methods Fifty subjects (twenty-two healthy volunteers and twenty-eight stroke patients) underwent evaluation with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, the sensory and motor Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the Nottingham Sensory Assessment in both wrists and hands and functional tests.Results Twenty-five patients had sensory changes in the wrist and hand contralateral to the stroke, and eighteen patients (64%) had sensory deficits in the ipsilesional wrist and hand. The most significant ipsilesional sensory loss was observed in the left-handed patients. We found that the patients with brain damage in the right hemisphere had better scores for ipsilesional tactile sensation.Conclusions A reduction in ipsilesional conscious proprioception, tactile or thermal sensation was found in stroke subjects. Right hemisphere damage and right-handed subjects had better scores in ipsilesional tactile sensation.73834-83

Chronic pain, associated factors, and impact on daily life: are there differences between the sexes? Dor crônica, fatores associados e influência na vida diária: existe diferença entre os sexos?

This pioneering cross-sectional study in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil, aimed to compare men and women with chronic pain by identifying associated factors and characterizing the pain and its impact on daily life. Considering an expected prevalence of 25%, 95% confidence interval, and 3% precision, a cluster sample of 1,597 individuals was selected. The descriptive analysis showed a predominance of women, age bracket of 18 to 29 years, and brown skin color. Prevalence of chronic pain was higher in women than in men. Risk factors were analyzed with logistic regression. Increasing age was an associated risk factor for chronic pain in both sexes. In women, 12 or more years of schooling were associated with lower prevalence of chronic pain, and divorce or widowhood was associated with higher prevalence. Lower back pain and headache were the two most frequently reported sites. There was no difference between the sexes in time since onset or intensity of pain. Chronic pain had a greater impact on daily life for women and generated more feelings of sadness.<br>Estudo transversal, pioneiro em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, com o objetivo de comparar homens e mulheres com dor crônica por meio da identificação dos fatores associados, caracterização da dor e influência na vida diária. Considerando a prevalência de 25%, nível de 95% de confiança e precisão de 3% foram entrevistadas 1.597 pessoas selecionadas por amostragem do tipo conglomerado. Na análise descritiva houve predomínio do sexo feminino, faixa etária entre 18 e 29 anos e cor parda. A prevalência de dor crônica foi maior nas mulheres em relação aos homens. Utilizou-se regressão logística para análise dos fatores de risco. Maior idade foi um fator associado à dor crônica em ambos os sexos. Nas mulheres, escolaridade a partir de 12 anos de estudos associou-se à menor prevalência, e estar divorciada/viúva e desempregada à maior prevalência de dor crônica. As regiões lombar e cefálica foram as mais referidas como locais de dor. Não houve diferença entre os sexos em relação ao tempo e intensidade dolorosa. A dor crônica teve maior influência na vida diária das mulheres e gerou mais sentimento de tristeza