1,424 research outputs found

    Os efeitos do suporte social em famílias de crianças com deficiência

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    O presente estudo enquadra-se numa das actuais linhas de investigação no âmbito dos estudos sobre as funções do suporte social em famílias de crianças com deficiência e da ligação entre o suporte social e os resultados na saúde e bem-estar parental (Cohen & Syme, 1985; Dunst, Trivette & Jodry, 1997; House & Kahn, 1985; Lopez et al., 2008; Mitchell & Trickett, 1980; Saranson, Saranson & Pierce, 1990a; Saranson & Saranson, 1985). Neste contexto, pretendemos fazer uma revisão da literatura científica no âmbito das novas abordagens das famílias de crianças com deficiência, as quais dão ênfase à complexidade e variabilidade do processo de adaptação parental, à análise dos factores envolvidos no funcionamento familiar e as suas modificações temporais, bem como, à poderosa influência da percepção do suporte social no ajustamento parental à deficiência

    The Modern Treaty-Executing Power: Constitutional Complexities in Contemporary Global Governance

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    Treaties have evolved significantly since the ratification of the United States Constitution, leading to uncertainty as to the constitutional limits on their domestic execution. This Note adapts existing constitutional doctrine on treaty execution to two distinct complications arising in the contemporary treaty regime. First, voluntary treaties imposing aspirational obligations on signatories raise the issue of the extent of obligations that Congress may domestically enforce by federal statute. Second, originating treaties which create international organizations and authorize them to adopt rule- and adjudication-type post-treaty pronouncements bring up a question of when, if ever, to incorporate those pronouncements into U.S. law, and at what level of legal precedence. Drawing on historical foundations, constitutional case law, and policy considerations in light of the evolving treaty regime, this Note proposes constitutional tests to address both developments. This Note introduces a two-step reasonableness inquiry for statutes executing voluntary treaties, based on the reasonableness of the statute in light of (1) the language and goals of the treaty, as well as (2) U.S. involvement in the treaty. For post-treaty pronouncements, this Note suggests that such pronouncements should be incorporated into U.S. law if they (1) do not violate a provision of the U.S. Constitution and (2) are valid under the originating treaty’s procedural and substantive law. Post-treaty pronouncements that pass this test should be incorporated at the same level of precedence as federal statutes in order to best address concerns regarding the balance between the federal government and states’ constitutionally protected powers. The complex methodology proposed in this Note provides a necessary mechanism for navigating an increasingly complex international legal order

    The Modern Treaty-Executing Power: Constitutional Complexities in Contemporary Global Governance

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    Treaties have evolved significantly since the ratification of the United States Constitution, leading to uncertainty as to the constitutional limits on their domestic execution. This Note adapts existing constitutional doctrine on treaty execution to two distinct complications arising in the contemporary treaty regime. First, voluntary treaties imposing aspirational obligations on signatories raise the issue of the extent of obligations that Congress may domestically enforce by federal statute. Second, originating treaties which create international organizations and authorize them to adopt rule- and adjudication-type post-treaty pronouncements bring up a question of when, if ever, to incorporate those pronouncements into U.S. law, and at what level of legal precedence. Drawing on historical foundations, constitutional case law, and policy considerations in light of the evolving treaty regime, this Note proposes constitutional tests to address both developments. This Note introduces a two-step reasonableness inquiry for statutes executing voluntary treaties, based on the reasonableness of the statute in light of (1) the language and goals of the treaty, as well as (2) U.S. involvement in the treaty. For post-treaty pronouncements, this Note suggests that such pronouncements should be incorporated into U.S. law if they (1) do not violate a provision of the U.S. Constitution and (2) are valid under the originating treaty’s procedural and substantive law. Post-treaty pronouncements that pass this test should be incorporated at the same level of precedence as federal statutes in order to best address concerns regarding the balance between the federal government and states’ constitutionally protected powers. The complex methodology proposed in this Note provides a necessary mechanism for navigating an increasingly complex international legal order

    Disoriented time and social knowledge : the historical essay in Brazil, c. 1870–1940

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    This article analyzes the relationships between the writing of history and the experience of time in Brazil, c. 1870–1940. The focus of the analysis is the historical essay, arguing that this kind of essay was a privileged discursive modality for dealing with the problems of temporal order that featured that historical moment, characterized by a deep questioning about the paths taken by the Brazilian republic, by a distortion of the ideal of progress that defined, since the nineteenth century, the features of the modern concept of history, and, finally, by a desire to renew interpretations focused on the development of the nation

    How do economic crises impact venture capital activity in European countries? : an empirical analysis

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    This thesis analyzes the impact of an Economic Crisis on Venture Capital Activity. For the analysis, a panel data was created with information on 20 European countries for the period between 2006 and 2012. Crisis was not found to significantly impact VC Activity (Investment or Fund Raising Levels). However, when accounting for the different Stages of Investment considered – Seed, Start-up and Later Stage – results were different. While Investments in Seed and Start-up Stages proved not to be significantly impacted by the Crisis variable, Later Stage was found to be. These results follow in line with the previous research done on the subject. Furthermore, the results yielded for the same test but using Fund Raising Levels proved to be insignificant for all stages assumed. Possible causes for the main results are theorized in this thesis.Esta tese tem como objectivo analisar o impacto de uma crise económica na actividade ao nível do capital de risco. Para a análise foi criado uma panel data com informação relativa a 20 países europeus para o periodo entre 2006 e 2012. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a variável Crise não impacta significativamente o investimento ou a angariação de fundos. No entanto, quando considerando as diferentes etapas de investimento consideradas – Seed, Start-up e Later Stage – os resultados foram distintos. Enquanto os Investimentos em Seed e Start-up não se mostraram significativamente impactados pela variável crise, Investimentos em Later Stage mostraram-se significativos. Os resultados vão de encontro às conclusões obtidas por Block & Sandner (2009). Por seu lado, ao testar a mesma relação, mas substituindo a variável Investimento por Fundos angariados, nenhuma conclusão significativa foi obtida. Possiveis causas para tal resultado são debatidas nesta tese

    Todos diferentes, todos pais: um programa de educação parental para famílias de crianças com autismo.

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    As famílias de crianças com Perturbações do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) estão sujeitas a níveis de stress mais elevados, inerentes às especificidades e carácter permanente da problemática. Este estudo pretende compreender as principais preocupações, prioridades e recursos das famílias, servindo de base a um programa de educação parental que permita capacitá-las a nível emocional e (in)formativo, melhorando a relação com a criança/jovem. Aplicou-se um plano de investigação de natureza exploratória e descritiva, com recolha transversal de dados, recorrendo a uma entrevista semiestruturada, Inventário de Necessidades da Família, Índice de Stress Parental e um questionário sociodemográfico. A amostra é de conveniência e composta por 11 cuidadores de crianças com PEA de um Agrupamento de Escolas de referência no Ensino Estruturado do Autismo do concelho da Figueira da Foz, abrangendo desde o nível pré-escolar ao ensino secundário. Concluiu-se que as principais necessidades destas famílias são de apoio (in)formativo, familiar e social, verificando-se uma parca rede de suporte informal e uma lacuna a nível de suporte formal específico para PEA no concelho. Regista-se ainda uma preocupação com o futuro, transversal a todas as faixas etárias das crianças/jovens e níveis de stress superiores aos valores normativos, à exceção do que se refere ao ajustamento emocional e afetivo da criança/jovem.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Equity research - Ferrari N.V.

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    Mestrado em FinançasEste relatório é uma avaliação da Ferrari N.V., preparada como Projeto de Trabalho Final de Mestrado em Finanças pelo ISEG. O trabalho segue o formato recomendado pelo Instituto CFA. A avaliação foi conduzida considerando dados disponíveis publicamente em 07 de outubro de 2020, e diversas fontes de informação foram utilizadas, como relatórios da empresa, Thomson Reuters, Bloomberg L.P., yahoofinance.com. Novidades após essa data não estão contempladas na análise. O preço alvo de €177.48 (dezembro de 2020) representa um potencial de valorização de 17% em relação ao preço de fechamento de 30 de julho de 2020, e a recomendação para a Ferrari N.V. é COMPRA, com risco médio avaliado.This report is a valuation of Ferrari N.V. prepared as a Master's in Finance Final Work Project at ISEG, following the format recommended by the CFA Institute for Equity Research reports. The study was conducted considering publicly available data on October 07th, 2020, and diverse sources of information were used, such as company reports, Thomson Reuters, Bloomberg L.P., yahoofinance.com. Novelties after this date were not included. The target price (TP) was achieved based on the DCF method, complemented with Adjusted Present Value, Economic Value Added and Relative Valuation. The TP of €177.48 (2020YE) represents an upside potential of 17% over the close price of July 30, 2020, and the final recommendation for Ferrari N.V. is BUY, with medium risk assessed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    A risk-based framework to manage single-use systems over lifecycle: Design, cleaning, operation, ongoing process verification

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    Using a formal risk management approach, SU systems (SUSs) and classical stainless steel-based systems (CSSs) are examined in detail. The risk assessment steps include: identification, analysis, mitigation and reevaluation/verification of risks over lifecycle. Adequate risk tools are used for each step. Failure modes specific of each type of system, are considered. The scientific background described in BPOG’s Guidelines on extractables (2014) and leachables (Jan.2017) for SUSs is built in, together with other authoritative sources for both types of systems. The risk quantitation, profiling and the holistic risk visualization for both technology platforms, allows companies with stainless steel only fermentation capacity and those with a mix of both technologies, to consider how to best evolve their capacity, when potential impacts on product quality and patient safety are taken into account. In addition to allowing the relative benchmarking of both technology platforms, comparisons over lifecycle of a specific platform are made possible by our approach, enabling companies to retain a complete picture of all their risk-based decisions and very detailed knowledge about their assets performance. The knowledge management component proposed is unique and supports several business processes and also decisions a company needs to justify before authorities. Our talk provides an insightful discussion of SUSs, using state-of-the-art risk-based and knowledge management tools, illustrated by examples on Design, Cleaning, Operation and Ongoing Process Verification, focusing on risks to quality and safety

    The overall redistributive effect and progressivity of the Portuguese tax-transfer system

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    The redistribution effect of the tax-transfer system is a first-order issue for policymakers. The degree of progressivity of taxes and transfers plays a central role in this respect. We apply the Kakwani index to evaluate the redistributive effect and progressivity of the overall tax and transfer system - including cash transfers, direct taxes and indirect tax liabilities - for Portugal in 2010 and 2015. To the best of our knowledge, this computation is novel for the Portuguese case. The first stage of our research project involves using parametric statistical techniques to link expenditure data from the HBS dataset with information on income and transfers from the EU-SILC. After building this new dataset, we assess both the overall redistributive effect and progressivity of the tax-transfer system, as well as the contribution of each tax and benefit instrument. Our empirical analysis shows that the overall redistributive effect translates into an inequality reduction of approximately 6 and 7 Gini percentage points, respectively for 2010 and 2015. The decrease in inequality is mainly driven by direct taxes, and this impact increased between 2010 and 2015. Corroborating the existing literature, cash benefits and direct taxes are progressive, while indirect taxes are regressive. The overall tax-transfer system is progressive. From 2010 to 2015, the Portuguese tax-transfer system became less progressive, yet the overall redistribution effect increased, mostly due to increased average direct tax rates.O efeito redistributivo de um sistema fiscal e uma quest ´ ao primordial para os decisores pol ˜ ´ıticos e o grau de progressividade dos impostos e das transferencias desempenha um papel central a ˆ este respeito. Nesta dissertac¸ao, aplicamos o ˜ ´ındice Kakwani para avaliar o efeito redistributivo e a progressividade do sistema global de impostos e transferencias - incluindo as prestac¸ ˆ oes so- ˜ ciais em dinheiro e impostos diretos e indiretos - para Portugal, em 2010 e 2015. No nosso melhor conhecimento, e a primeira vez que esta an ´ alise ´ e feita para o caso portugu ´ es. A primeira ˆ etapa do nosso projeto envolve a utilizac¸ao de m ˜ etodos estat ´ ´ısticos parametricos para combinar ´ dados sobre a despesa do IDEF com dados sobre o rendimento e transferencias das fam ˆ ´ılias do EU-SILC. Apos a construc¸ ´ ao deste novo conjunto de dados, avaliamos tanto o efeito redis- ˜ tributivo total e a progressividade do sistema fiscal, como a contribuic¸ao de cada instrumento ˜ de impostos e benef´ıcios. A nossa analise emp ´ ´ırica mostra que o efeito global redistributivo se traduz numa reduc¸ao da desigualdade de aproximadamente 6 e 7 pontos percentuais de Gini, ˜ respetivamente para 2010 e 2015. A diminuic¸ao da desigualdade ˜ e maioritariamente impul- ´ sionada pelos impostos diretos, e este impacto aumentou entre 2010 e 2015. Corroborando a literatura existente, as transferencias e os impostos diretos s ˆ ao progressivos, enquanto os im- ˜ postos indiretos sao regressivos. O sistema fiscal ˜ e progressivo. De 2010 a 2015, este tornou-se ´ menos progressivo, porem o efeito redistributivo total aumentou, devido sobretudo a um au- ´ mento da taxa media de impostos diretos

    Desempenho biomecânico de compósitos experimentais com análogos biomiméticos e fosfatos de cálcio para a remineralização da dentina

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    Orientadores: Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti, Americo Bortolazzo CorrrerTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo do estudo foi gerar uma nova metodologia restauradora, através de um compósito fluído fotopolimerizável com fosfatos de cálcio e incorporação de tri-metafosfato de sódio em primer autocondicionante para auto-produção de fosfoproteína biomineralizadora da matriz de colágeno na interface de união. A hipótese desse trabalho foi de que a inovadora metodologia irá recuperar as propriedades mecânicas, remineralizará e aumentará a longevidade da interface de união. No Capítulo 1 foi realizado análise qualitativa em relação à presença de fosfato e apatita carbonata nas amostras de dentina desmineralizada e após contato com os compósitos experimentais (VSG1- 0% fosfato, VSG2- 10% fosfato, VSG3- 20% fosfato e VSG4- 30% fosfato) armazenados em água destilada e solução de PBS no período de 24h, 7 dias, 1 e 3 meses. As amostras foram analisadas por espectroscopia (ATR / FTIR) e análise microscópica (ESEM / EDX). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de três fatores e teste de Tukey ('alfa'=0.05). Em 24h os maiores picos referentes às bandas de apatita carbonatada (CO32- - v2) fosfato (PO43- - v1,v3) e bruxita (DCPD- vO-H) foram para os grupos VSG2 (água destilada) e VSG3 (PBS). Em 7 dias esses picos diminuiram e ocorreu aumento dos picos para os grupos VSG1 (água destilada), VSG2 (PBS) e VSG4 (PBS). Após 1 mês, o material VSG2 (PBS) apresentou aumento do pico, por outro lado o grupo VSG4 (PBS) manteve-se similar ao do período de 7 dias. Aos 3 meses, nota-se aumento para o material VSG3 (água destilada) e grupo controle (VSG1) em PBS. A análise em EDX não mostrou diferença estatística entre os grupos no decorrer do tempo. No Capítulo 2, o objetivo foi avaliar a influência de fosfato de cálcio como partículas de carga em relação ao grau de conversão, dureza, resistência flexural e módulo elástico. O material experimental VSG4 mostrou maiores valores de dureza após 6 meses e maior grau de conversão nos períodos de 3 meses e 6 meses. Maiores valores de resistência à flexão foram encontrados para o material experimental VSG2 bem como para o material comercial Wave HV (SDI). Maior módulo de elasticidade foi obtido para o material VSG4, valores estes similares aos obtidos para o material comercial Filtek Z350XT (3M/ESPE). Assim, pode-se concluir que a utilização de fosfatos de cálcio não afetou as propriedades mecânicas após envelhecimento em solução de PBS. No Capítulo 3, o objetivo foi avaliar por microscopia de confocal e microscopia óptica a micropermeabilidade por penetração de corante fluoresceína e nanoinfiltração por nitrato de prata amoniacal na camada híbrida assim como a resistência adesiva nos períodos de 24 h e 6 meses em solução de PBS. Os dados referentes ao teste de união foram submetidos à análise de variância de dois fatores e teste de Tukey ('alfa'=0.05). Os resultados mostraram que em relação à resistência adesiva não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos e período de armazenamento. A inclusão de fosfato de cálcio e o uso de tri-metafosfato de sódio auxiliaram no processo de remineralização para o material experimental VSG3 e VSG4 os quais mostraram melhores resultados, reduzindo a permeabilidade dentinária após 6 mesesAbstract: The aim of this study was to generate a new therapeutic restorative methodology through a flowable composite with bioactive calcium phosphates and incorporation of sodium tri-metaphosphate in self-etching primer will serve as a biomimetic analogs to self-phosphoprotein biomineralization production of collagen within the matrix the bonded interface. The hypothesis is that the revolutionary biomineralisation will recover the biomechanical properties, remineralise and increase the longevity of the bonded interfaces. In the chapter 1 was designed to qualitatively compare the presence of phosphate and carbonated apatite between demineralized dentin samples and experimental composite (VSG1- 0% phosphate, VSG2- 10% phosphate, VSG3- 20% phosphate e VSG4- 30% phosphate) storage in distilled water and PBS solution in 24h, 7 days, 1 e 3 months. The samples were analyzed by (ATR/FTIR) and (ESEM/EDX). Data were subjected to variance analysis with three factors and Tukey ('alfa' = 0.05). The results showed that in 24 hours the higher peak related the bands of carbonated apatite (CO32- - v2), phosphate (PO43- - v1,v3) and brushite (DCPD- vO-H) was found to the experimental material VSG2 (distilled water) and VSG3 (PBS). After 7 days, these same peaks suffered a drop therefore having an increased peak to control group VSG1 (distilled water), VSG2 (PBS) and VSG4 (PBS) groups. At 1 month , the material VSG2 (PBS) showed an increase in their peak, on the other hand VSG4 group (PBS solution) was maintained as compared to results 7 days and after 3 months, was an increase in the peaks to VSG3 materials (distilled water) and control group (VSG1) in PBS solution. The EDX analysis showed no statistical difference between the groups over time. In the chapter 2, the objective was to evaluate the in?uence of calcium phosphate as a filler in experimental composite and their correlation with the degree of conversion, microhardness, flexural resistance and elastic modulus. The experimental material VSG4 showed higher hardness values after 6 months and higher degree of conversion at 3 months and 6 months. Further flexural strength values were found for the experimental material VSG2 well as the commercial material Wave HV (SDI). Higher elasticity modulus was obtained for the experimental material VSG4, similar values to the commercial Filtek Supreme (Z350XT- 3M/ESPE). Thus, it can be concluded that the use of calcium phosphate did not affect the mechanical properties after storage in PBS solution. In the chapter 3, the aim was evaluated by confocal microscopy and optcial microscopy the micropermeability by fluorescein dye penetration and the nanoleakage by ammoniacal silver nitrate as well as the adhesive strength over 24h and 6 months in buffer solution (PBS) by microtensile test. Data on microtensile test were subjected to variance analysis with two factors and Tukey ('alfa'= 0.05). The results showed that the bond strength was not statistically different between the experimental groups. The calcium phosphate inclusion as filler particles and the use of tri-sodium metaphosphate aided in the remineralization process mainly to the experimental material VSG3 and VSG4 which showed better micropermeability and nanoleakage reducing dentin permeability after 6 months.DoutoradoMateriais DentariosDoutora em Materiais Dentário
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