Ionizing Radiation Disinfestation Treatments against Pest Insects

Pesticides are often considered a suitable solution for controlling pests. However, the use of chemicals is very costly, and their residues have always the potential to pollute soil, air, and ground water and also pose significant risks to the natural ecosystems and nontarget organisms. Considering all these, irradiation could offer substantial and charming option for eliminating the export commodity fumigation uses for the undesirable effects of chemicals. Gamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X-rays are among the ionizing radiation sources utilized practically in sterile insect releasing programs using “self-contained” and “non-self-contained or panoramic” irradiators. When applying radiation sources, dosimetry should be adjusted to ensure quarantine security for large groups of insect pests. Because of growing concerns related to health problems and environmental pollutions, chemical sanitizing treatments are faced with a lot of regulatory restrictions, so irradiation reveals best choice for this purpose. The sterile insect technique (SIT) may have indispensable consideration for integrated pest management (IPM) of many important insect pests, including agricultural, veterinary, and medicinal importance. On the other hand, to overcome the obstacles of SIT treatments, genetic engineering techniques were supposed to ease the development of transgenic insects for sustainable tactics to control pest populations. Thus, genetic means should be an integral part of SIT treatments in controlling important pest populations

Can “What Ifs” Improve the Average Tourist’s Sustainable Behaviors? The Utility of Counterfactual Thinking in Tourism

Having surpassed one billion international tourists in 2012 (UNWTO 2013), tourism is not only one of the biggest industries in the world, but also a significant source of pressure on natural resources. In popular destinations, this pressure might be more visible. For example, roughly 50 % of visitors to Florida stay in hotels, causing them to be a large source o

Natural β-chitin-protein complex film obtained from waste razor shells for transdermal capsaicin carrier

In the literature, the produced β-chitin samples are in powder or flake forms but there is no natural β-chitin based film. Also, the commercially available transdermal patches are produced from synthetic polymers. In this regard,we produced natural β-chitin-protein complex (CPC) film fromthewaste shells of Ensis spp. The obtained natural filmwas characterized by FTIR, TGA and SEM. Additionally, swelling, thickness, contact angle and antioxidant tests were done to learn more about the films. After production and characterization of the film, capsaicin, which is commonly used for pain reliefwas loaded into the film. The loading capacitywas recorded as 5.79%. The kineticmodelswere studied in three different pH, then the resultswere fittedwith Higuchimodelwith high correlation at pH 7.4. After considering all the obtained results, the capsaicin loaded CPC film may be an alternative candidate for transdermal patch instead of the synthetic ones.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

DETERMINATION OF VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND FLOWER EFFECT OF TRANSGENIC \u3ci\u3eNICOTIANA TABACUM\u3c/i\u3e

Species and varieties in the Nicotiana genus may respond differently to photoperiodism in terms of flowering time control. These are classified as short day, neutral day and long day plants. One of these, Nicotiana tabacum cv. The Xanthi nc is a genotype which can flowering on a long day. But the genotype Kanamycin resistance can open its flowers in January when the resistance gene is transferred to the plant. On the other hand, the effect of rootstock to scion in plant species is very important. One of the issues raised is whether the transgenic plant in the rootstock is effect of transgen. In this study, it was aimed to determine whether flowering of the plants carrying transgenic plants are effective for flowering. In the study, control was grown without grafting, transgenic and control plants were reciprocally grafted and flowering time and plant development was recorded. According to the findings obtained, no effect of reciprocally grafted was observed in terms of flowering and plant development. However, it has come to the conclusion that it need detailed study to understand whether signal goes from rootstock to scion