Characterization and analysis of azimuthally sensitive correlations

A unified framework for describing the azimuthal dependence of two-particle correlations in heavy-ion collisions is introduced, together with the methods for measuring the corresponding observables. The generalization to azimuthal correlations between more than two particles is presented.Comment: 7 pages; talk given at Hot Quarks 2004, Taos (NM), July 18-24,200

Effects of Surface Roughness on the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 over Cu

We have investigated the role of surface roughening on the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) over Cu. The activity and product selectivity of Cu surfaces roughened by plasma pretreatment in Ar, O2, or N2 were compared with that of electrochemically polished Cu samples. Differences in total and product current densities, the ratio of current densities for HER (the hydrogen evolution reaction) to CO2RR, and the ratio of current densities for C2+ to C1 products depend on the electrochemically active surface and are nearly independent of plasma composition. Theoretical analysis of an electropolished and roughened Cu surface reveals a higher fraction of undercoordinated Cu sites on the roughened surface, sites that bind CO preferentially. Roughened surfaces also contain square sites similar to those on a Cu(100) surface but with neighboring step sites, which adsorb OC-COH, a precursor to C2+ products. These findings explain the increases in the formation of oxygenates and hydrocarbons relative to CO and the ratio of oxygenates to hydrocarbons observed with increasing surface roughness

Effects of very low frequency electromagnetic method (VLFEM) and physicochemical change of Zango abattoir

The study examined the impact of livestock dung on ground water status in the study area. To achieve this, a very low frequency EM survey was conducted; the aim and objective was to detect fractures in the subsurface. VLF data were acquired at 5m intervals along two profiles, with maximum length of 60m in the North-South direction. The fraser filtered real component of the processed VLF data detected anomalous zones/ litho logical boundaries that may possibly serve as conduit for the movement of solid waste contaminant into the ground water. Water sample from the hand dug wells were collected in prewashed 250ml plastic container and analyzed in the Laboratory. Result obtained shows that physicochemical analysis deviate from WHO and SON standard and complement with VLF EM survey. This has shown that it is not free from certain heavy metals, as such, the water is not suitable for human and livestock consumption. It is recommended that the ground water in Zango should be treated using coagulants before use.Keywords: Abattoir, Livestock, SON, Water quality, WHO, Zang

Variability in the Lambda Orionis cluster substellar domain

We present the first results on variability of very low mass stars and brown dwarfs belonging to the 5 Myr Lambda Orionis cluster (Collinder 69). We have monitored almost continuously in the J filter a small area of the cluster which includes 12 possible members of the cluster during one night. Some members have turned to be short-term variable. One of them, LOri167, has a mass close to the planetary mass limit and its variability might be due to instabilities produced by the deuterium burning, although other mechanism cannot be ruled out.Comment: Accepted for Astronomische Nachrichten. Workshop "Ultra-low-mass star formation and evolution", La Palma June 200

Observing the Unobservable? Modeling Coronal Cavity Densities

Prominence cavities in coronal helmet streamers are readily detectable in white-light coronagraph images, yet their interpretation may be complicated by projection effects. In order to determine a cavity's density structure, it is essential to quantify the contribution of noncavity features along the line of sight. We model the coronal cavity as an axisymmetric torus that encircles the Sun at constant latitude and fit it to observations of a white-light cavity observed by the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) MK4 coronagraph from 2006 January 25 to 30. We demonstrate that spurious noncavity contributions (including departures from axisymmetry) are minimal enough to be incorporated in a density analysis as conservatively estimated uncertainties in the data. We calculate a radial density profile for cavity material and for the surrounding helmet streamer (which we refer to as the "cavity rim") and find that the cavity density is depleted by a maximum of 40% compared to the surrounding helmet streamer at low altitudes (1.18 R☉) but is consistently higher (double or more) than in coronal holes. We also find that the relative density depletion between cavity and surrounding helmet decreases as a function of height. We show that both increased temperature in the cavity relative to the surrounding helmet streamer and a magnetic flux rope configuration might lead to such a flattened density profile. Finally, our model provides general observational guidelines that can be used to determine when a cavity is sufficiently unobstructed to be a good candidate for plasma diagnostics

Logarithmic Moduli Spaces for Surfaces of Class VII

In this paper we describe logarithmic moduli spaces of pairs (S,D) consisting of minimal surfaces S of class VII with positive second Betti number b_2 together with reduced divisors D of b_2 rational curves. The special case of Enoki surfaces has already been considered by Dloussky and Kohler. We use normal forms for the action of the fundamental group of the complement of D and for the associated holomorphic contraction germ from (C^2,0) to (C^2,0).Comment: Minor correction of the dimension of the moduli spac

The Whole Heliosphere Interval in the Context of a Long and Structured Solar Minimum: An Overview from Sun to Earth

Throughout months of extremely low solar activity during the recent extended solar-cycle minimum, structural evolution continued to be observed from the Sun through the solar wind and to the Earth. In 2008, the presence of long-lived and large low-latitude coronal holes meant that geospace was periodically impacted by high-speed streams, even though solar irradiance, activity, and interplanetary magnetic fields had reached levels as low as, or lower than, observed in past minima. This time period, which includes the first Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI 1: Carrington Rotation (CR) 2068), illustrates the effects of fast solar-wind streams on the Earth in an otherwise quiet heliosphere. By the end of 2008, sunspots and solar irradiance had reached their lowest levels for this minimum (e.g., WHI 2: CR 2078), and continued solar magnetic-flux evolution had led to a flattening of the heliospheric current sheet and the decay of the low-latitude coronal holes and associated Earth-intersecting high-speed solar-wind streams. As the new solar cycle slowly began, solar-wind and geospace observables stayed low or continued to decline, reaching very low levels by June – July 2009. At this point (e.g., WHI 3: CR 2085) the Sun–Earth system, taken as a whole, was at its quietest. In this article we present an overview of observations that span the period 2008 – 2009, with highlighted discussion of CRs 2068, 2078, and 2085. We show side-by-side observables from the Sun’s interior through its surface and atmosphere, through the solar wind and heliosphere and to the Earth’s space environment and upper atmosphere, and reference detailed studies of these various regimes within this topical issue and elsewhere

Electronic conduction and electrocatalysis by supramolecular tetraruthenated copper porphyrazine films

A new tetraruthenated copper(II)-tetra(3,4-pyridyl)porphyrazine species, [CuTRPyPz]4+, has been synthesized and fully characterized by means of analytical, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. This À-conjugated system contrasts with the related meso-tetrapyridylporphyrins by exhibiting strong electronic interaction between the coordinated peripheral complexes and the central ring. Based on favorable À-stacking and electrostatic interactions, layer-by-layer assembled films were successfully generated from the appropriate combination of [CuTRPyPz]4+ with copper(II)-tetrasulfonated phtalocyanine, [CuTSPc]4-. Their conducting and electrocatalytic properties were investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy and rotating disc voltammetry, exhibiting metallic behavior near the Ru(III/II) redox potential, as well as enhanced catalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite and sulphite ions.Uma nova espécie cobre(II)-tetra(3,4-piridil) porfirazina tetrarrutenada, [CuTRPyPz]4+ foi sintetizada e sua caracterização conduzida por meio de métodos analíticos, espectroscópicos e eletroquímicos. Sua extensa conjugação-À a distingue dos derivados análogos da meso-tetrapiridilporfirina, levando à ocorrência de interações eletrônicas mais fortes entre os complexos periféricos e o anel porfirazínico central. Com base nas interações eletrostáticas e de empilhamento-À, foram realizadas montagens, camada-por-camada, de filmes funcionais, combinando-se a [CuTRPyPz]4+ com a ftalocianina de cobre(II) tetrassulfonada, [CuTSPc]4-. As propriedades condutoras e eletrocatalíticas desses filmes foram investigadas através de técnicas de impedância e de voltametria de disco rotatório, observando-se um comportamento metálico nas proximidades do potencial do par redox Ru(III)/(II), bem como uma pronunciada atividade catalítica na oxidação de íons nitrito e sulfito, em meio aquoso.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Instituto do Milênio de Materiais Complexo