Multilokalität und Mobilität

Der Beitrag behandelt Phänomen und Begriff der Multilokalität unter den Vorzeichen der globalisierten Urbanität. Als Grundlage dienen die Paradigmen der Mobile Culture Studies, die die statischen gesellschaftlichen Äußerungen unter dem Gesichtpunkt ihrer Bewegungskonstitution betrachten, namentlich die Begriffe des Wohnens und der Sesshaftigkeit. An einem konkreten Beispiel aus einer abgelegenen ländlichen Region werden die Motive für die heutigen Wanderungsbewegungen, die Grundlagen ihrer Beweglichkeit und ihre im gebauten Raum sichtbar werdenden Äußerungen dargestellt. Es erscheinen Hausbau als biographische Aufgabe, Beweglichkeit als Zukunftswunsch sowie neue Formen von Familie, deren Kategorien in den nationalen Statistiken noch nicht treffend abgebildet werden

Berufstätigkeit und psychische Komorbidität nach Organtransplantation

Die Wiederaufnahme einer produktiven Beschäftigung ist ein wesentliches Ziel der Rehabilitation nach Organtransplantation. In Deutschland ist jedoch die Mehrheit der organtransplantierten Patienten im erwerbsfähigen Alter frühberentet. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel, die Beschäftigungssituation Organtransplantierter und mögliche Einflussfaktoren am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig zu untersuchen. Dabei interessiert insbesondere der Einfluss der psychischen Komorbidität auf die berufliche Reintegration. Im Rahmen einer katamnestischen Querschnittsstudie wurden insgesamt 82 Patienten ein bis acht Jahre nach Leber-, Nieren- oder Pankreastransplantation befragt. Neben der Beschäftigungssituation und der psychischen Komorbidität (SKID-I, HADS), wurden soziodemografische, medizinische und arbeitsbezogene Merkmale sowie die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (EORTC QLQ-C30) als potenzielle Einflussfaktoren auf die Arbeitswiederaufnahme und die psychische Komorbidität erhoben. Die Auswertung der Daten zeigt, dass berufstätige Organtransplantierte eine signifikant bessere gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität haben und signifikant seltener unter psychischer Komorbidität leiden als frühberentete Organtransplantierte. Dieser Zusammenhang sollte Beachtung finden bei der Rehabilitation und Nachsorge transplantierter Patienten. Ziel muss es sein, die berufliche Reintegration zu fördern und gleichzeitig psychische Komorbidität auch im Langzeitverlauf nach Transplantation frühzeitig zu erkennen und adäquat zu behandeln, um das Risiko für Frühberentung zu senken und eine verbesserte Lebensqualität und damit auch den Gesamterfolg der Transplantation langfristig zu sichern

An ecosystem service approach to the study of vineyard landscapes in the context of climate change: a review

Vineyard landscapes significantly contribute to the economy, identity, culture, and biodiversity of many regions worldwide. Climate change, however, is increasingly threatening the resilience of vineyard landscapes and of their ecological conditions, undermining the provision of multiple ecosystem services. Previous research has often focused on climate change impacts, ecosystem conditions and ecosystem services without systematically reviewing how they have been studied in the literature on viticulture. Here, we systematically review the literature on vineyard landscapes to identify how ecosystem conditions and services have been investigated, and whether an integrative approach to investigate the effects of climate change was adopted. Our results indicate that there are still very few studies that explicitly address multiple ecosystem conditions and services together. Only 28 and 18% of the reviewed studies considered more than two ecosystem conditions or services, respectively. Moreover, while more than 97% of the relationships between ecosystem conditions and services studied were addressing provisioning and regulating services, only 3% examined cultural services. Finally, this review found that there is a lack of integrative studies that address simultaneously the relationships between ecosystem condition, ecosystem services and climate change (only 15 out of 112 studies). To overcome these gaps and to better understand the functioning of vineyard socio-ecological systems under climate change, multidisciplinary, integrative, and comprehensive approaches should be adopted by future studies. A holistic understanding of vineyard landscapes will indeed be crucial to support researchers and decision makers in developing sustainable adaptation strategies that enhance the ecological condition of vineyards and ensure the provision of multiple ecosystem services under future climate scenarios

Making food systems safer: Time to curb use of highly hazardous pesticides

Use of synthetic chemical pesticides has expanded widely. These insecti-cides, herbicides, and fungicides have helped to boost crop production, but at a major cost – one whose full extent remains unknown. Many commonly used pesticides – especially in developing countries – are now considered “highly hazardous” by experts due to their proven or likely harms to nature and people.1 Evidence from farms in the global South confirms heavy use of pesticides, including substances banned elsewhere. Farmers and nearby communities face the most direct health threats. This policy brief outlines key harms and research findings, high-lights alternatives to pesticide-intensive agricultural practices, and calls for phasing out the riskiest substances – in line with human rights and proper application of the precautionary principle

Attitudes towards psychopharmacology and psychotherapy in psychiatric patients with and without migration background

Background: Sociodemographic factors, attitude towards treatment and acculturation may be important factors influencing the decision of immigrants to seek and maintain psychiatric treatment. A better understanding of these factors may significantly improve treatment adherence and outcome in these patients. Therefore, we investigated factors associated the attitude towards psychotherapy and medication in a sample of psychiatric outpatients with and without migration background. Methods: N = 381 patients in a psychiatric outpatient unit offering specialized treatment for migrants were included in this study. Attitude towards psychotherapy was assessed using the Questionnaire on Attitudes Toward Psychotherapeutic Treatment, attitude towards medication with the Drug Attitude Inventory-10. Acculturation, symptom load and sociodemographic variables were assessed in a general questionnaire. Statistical analyses included analyses of covariance and hierarchical regression. Results: Patients of Turkish and Eastern European origin reported a significantly more positive attitude towards medication than patients without migration background. When controlling for sociodemographic and clinical variables, we did not observe any significant differences in attitude towards psychotherapy. Acculturation neither influenced the attitude towards psychotherapy nor towards medication. Conclusion: Our study indicates that sociodemographic and clinical factors may be more relevant for patients´ attitudes towards treatment than acculturation. Considering these factors in psychiatric treatment of patients with migration background may improve treatment outcome and adherence

Genetic potential of the biocontrol agent pseudomonas brassicacearum (Formerly P. trivialis) 3Re2-7 unraveled by genome sequencing and mining, comparative genomics and transcriptomics

The genus Pseudomonas comprises many known plant-associated microbes with plant growth promotion and disease suppression properties. Genome-based studies allow the prediction of the underlying mechanisms using genome mining tools and the analysis of the genes unique for a strain by implementing comparative genomics. Here, we provide the genome sequence of the strain Pseudomonas brassicacearum 3Re2-7, formerly known as P. trivialis and P. reactans, elucidate its revised taxonomic classification, experimentally verify the gene predictions by transcriptome sequencing, describe its genetic biocontrol potential and contextualize it to other known Pseudomonas biocontrol agents. The P. brassicacearum 3Re2-7 genome comprises a circular chromosome with a size of 6,738,544 bp and a GC-content of 60.83%. 6267 genes were annotated, of which 6113 were shown to be transcribed in rich medium and/or in the presence of Rhizoctonia solani. Genome mining identified genes related to biocontrol traits such as secondary metabolite and siderophore biosynthesis, plant growth promotion, inorganic phosphate solubilization, biosynthesis of lipo- and exopolysaccharides, exoproteases, volatiles and detoxification. Core genome analysis revealed, that the 3Re2-7 genome exhibits a high collinearity with the representative genome for the species, P. brassicacearum subsp. brassicacearum NFM421. Comparative genomics allowed the identification of 105 specific genes and revealed gene clusters that might encode specialized biocontrol mechanisms of strain 3Re2-7. Moreover, we captured the transcriptome of P. brassicacearum 3Re2-7, confirming the transcription of the predicted biocontrol-related genes. The gene clusters coding for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (phlABCDEFGH) and hydrogen cyanide (hcnABC) were shown to be highly transcribed. Further genes predicted to encode putative alginate production enzymes, a pyrroloquinoline quinone precursor peptide PqqA and a matrixin family metalloprotease were also found to be highly transcribed. With this study, we provide a basis to further characterize the mechanisms for biocontrol in Pseudomonas species, towards a sustainable and safe application of P. brassicacearum biocontrol agents.Fil: Nelkner, Johanna. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: Torres Tejerizo, Gonzalo Arturo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Hassa, Julia. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: Lin, Timo Wentong. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: Witte, Julian. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: Verwaaijen, Bart. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: Winkler, Anika. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: Bunk, Boyke. Leibniz - Institute Dsmzgerman Collection Of Microorgani; AlemaniaFil: Spröer, Cathrin. Leibniz - Institute Dsmzgerman Collection Of Microorgani; AlemaniaFil: Overmann, Jörg. Leibniz - Institute Dsmzgerman Collection Of Microorgani; AlemaniaFil: Grosch, Rita. Leibniz - Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops; AlemaniaFil: Pühler, Alfred. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; AlemaniaFil: Schlüter, Andreas. Universitat Bielefeld. Center For Biotechnology; Alemani

Metastatic prostate cancer men’s attitudes towards treatment of the local tumour and metastasis evaluative research (IP5-MATTER) : protocol for a prospective, multicentre discrete choice experiment study

Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the participants, study PIs, trial clinicians, research nurses, Imperial Clinical Trial Unit staff and other site staff who have been responsible for setting up, recruiting participants and collecting the data for the IP5-MATTER trial. We are also grateful for the ongoing support of the Trial Management Group and our IP5-MATTER patient representatives. Finally, we would like to thank our trial funder the Wellcome Trust and University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Charity. Funding MJC’s research is support by University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Charity and the Wellcome Trust. Mesfin Genie and Verity Watson are based at the Health Economics Research Unit (HERU), University of Aberdeen. HERU is funded by the Chief Scientists Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate. KTJ acknowledges research grant from the UK National Institute of Health Research Clinical Research Network Eastern and has received educational grants from Bayer UK, Janssen Oncology, Pfizer, Roche, and Takeda. HUA’s research is supported by core funding from the United Kingdom’s National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Adoption of the ecosystem services concept in EU policies

The concept of ecosystem services has gained a strong political profile during the last 15 years. However, there is no specific EU policy devoted to governing ecosystem services. This article shows that the ecosystem services concept is already embedded in recent EU (environmentally-related) policies, such as the Biodiversity Strategy 2020 and the Invasive Alien Species Regulation. Our review of 12 policies shows that, overall, the coherence between existing policies and the ecosystem services concept is moderate. Policies showing very high coherence are confined to the policy arenas that address natural ecosystems, forestry, or agriculture. Given the sectoral nature of most EU policies and the limited options for revision in the near future, opportunities for improving coherence are most apparent in furthering the integration of the ecosystem services concept in the implementation of existing EU policies at national and regional levels