115 research outputs found
Herausforderungen bei der DurchfĂŒhrung von reproduzierbaren BCI-Messungen
Die Charakterisierung der elektromagnetischen Störfestigkeit ist ein wichtiger Qualifizierungsschritt fĂŒr elektronische Komponenten in Kraftfahrzeugen. Verschiedene Testmethoden können verwendet werden, um die ungestörte FunktionalitĂ€t des Systems sicherzustellen. Ein dabei angewandtes wichtiges Messverfahren ist die sogenannte âBulk Current Injectionâ Methode, kurz BCI genannt, welche in der ISO 11452-1 [1] beziehungsweise in ISO 11452-4 beschrieben [2]. Sie ist weit verbreitet und wird hĂ€ufig von vielen Automobilherstellern in ihren EMV-Spezifikationen zur Charakterisierung elektronischer GerĂ€te gefordert. Aus diesem Grund ist es wichtig, dass der durchgefĂŒhrte Messvorgang zuverlĂ€ssig ist und unabhĂ€ngig davon, wo und wann ein GerĂ€t gemessen wird, die Ergebnisse immer reproduzierbar sind [3]. Dies ist leider nicht immer der Fall, da diese Art der Messung hĂ€ufig zu Problemen bei der genauen DurchfĂŒhrung und Interpretation des Messaufbaus und der Testprozedur fĂŒhrt [4]. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen wurden dazu schon durchgefĂŒhrt und in Publikationen veröffentlicht [5], [6]. In [7] zum Beispiel wurden die Effekte von MasserĂŒckleitungen sowie das Ăbersprechen im Kabelbaum wĂ€hrend des BCI-Tests experimentell untersucht und es zeigte sich, dass die Testergebnisse erheblich von den unterschiedlichen Bedingungen im Kabelbaum abhĂ€ngen. P. S. Crovetti zeigte in [8], dass ĂŒber 100MHz der tatsĂ€chliche in den PrĂŒfling eingekoppelte Störstrom erheblich vom Störstrom, der wĂ€hrend des im Standard beschriebene Kalibrierungsverfahrens eingestellt wird, abweicht. Solche Diskrepanzen können zu unzuverlĂ€ssigen Ergebnissen bei BCI-Störfestigkeitstests fĂŒhren. Daher ist bei der DurchfĂŒhrung des BCI-Tests besondere Vorsicht geboten
IL1B-CGTC haplotype is associated with colorectal cancer in admixed individuals with increased African ancestry
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes can affect gene expression and thereby modulate inflammation and carcinogenesis. However, the data on the association between SNPs in the interleukin 1 beta gene (IL1B) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are conflicting. We found an association between a 4-SNP haplotype block of the IL1B (-3737C/-1464G/-511T/-31C) and CRC risk, and this association was exclusively observed in individuals with a higher proportion of African ancestry, such as individuals from the Coastal Colombian region (odds ratio, OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.31â3.25; pâ<â0.01). Moreover, a significant interaction between this CRC risk haplotype and local African ancestry dosage was identified in locus 2q14 (pâ=â0.03). We conclude that Colombian individuals with high African ancestry proportions at locus 2q14 harbour more IL1B-CGTC copies and are consequently at an increased risk of CRC. This haplotype has been previously found to increase the IL1B promoter activity and is the most frequent haplotype in African Americans. Despite of limitations in the number of samples and the lack of functional analysis to examine the effect of these haplotypes on CRC cell lines, our results suggest that inflammation and ethnicity play a major role in the modulation of CRC risk
Forecasting: theory and practice
Forecasting has always been at the forefront of decision making and planning. The uncertainty that surrounds the future is both exciting and challenging, with individuals and organisations seeking to minimise risks and maximise utilities. The large number of forecasting applications calls for a diverse set of forecasting methods to tackle real-life challenges. This article provides a non-systematic review of the theory and the practice of forecasting. We provide an overview of a wide range of theoretical, state-of-the-art models, methods, principles, and approaches to prepare, produce, organise, and evaluate forecasts. We then demonstrate how such theoretical concepts are applied in a variety of real-life contexts. We do not claim that this review is an exhaustive list of methods and applications. However, we wish that our encyclopedic presentation will offer a point of reference for the rich work that has been undertaken over the last decades, with some key insights for the future of forecasting theory and practice. Given its encyclopedic nature, the intended mode of reading is non-linear. We offer cross-references to allow the readers to navigate through the various topics. We complement the theoretical concepts and applications covered by large lists of free or open-source software implementations and publicly-available databases
Forecasting: theory and practice
Forecasting has always been in the forefront of decision making and planning.
The uncertainty that surrounds the future is both exciting and challenging,
with individuals and organisations seeking to minimise risks and maximise
utilities. The lack of a free-lunch theorem implies the need for a diverse set
of forecasting methods to tackle an array of applications. This unique article
provides a non-systematic review of the theory and the practice of forecasting.
We offer a wide range of theoretical, state-of-the-art models, methods,
principles, and approaches to prepare, produce, organise, and evaluate
forecasts. We then demonstrate how such theoretical concepts are applied in a
variety of real-life contexts, including operations, economics, finance,
energy, environment, and social good. We do not claim that this review is an
exhaustive list of methods and applications. The list was compiled based on the
expertise and interests of the authors. However, we wish that our encyclopedic
presentation will offer a point of reference for the rich work that has been
undertaken over the last decades, with some key insights for the future of the
forecasting theory and practice
Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men
ç·ć„łéăźäžćčłçăšèłăźæ§ć·ź --ç·ć„łéăźäžćčłçăŻèłæ§é ăźæ§ć·źăšéąéŁăă--. äșŹéœć€§ćŠăăŹăčăȘăȘăŒăč. 2023-05-10.Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining womenâs worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7, 876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on womenâs brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality
Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men
Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women's brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality
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