Race Obsession-Avoidance Paradox: A Model for Multicultural Training in Counselor Education

The ability to discuss race-related issues is critical to multicultural competence. Counselor educators who address race-related issues in the classroom cite student resistance as a challenge to competency development. The Race Obsession-Avoidance Paradox (ROAParadox) identifies juxtaposed obsession and avoidance about race as a cultural phenomenon. The ROAParadox model was applied in a multicultural counseling course as a strategy for educating counseling students. Teaching scenarios illustrate the use of this model as a strategy to facilitate discussions on race relations and racism. Student responses and implications for teaching applications are provided along with recommendations for future research

Race Obsession-Avoidance Paradox: A Model for Multicultural Training in Counselor Education

The ability to discuss race-related issues is critical to multicultural competence. Counselor educators who address race-related issues in the classroom cite student resistance as a challenge to competency development. The Race Obsession-Avoidance Paradox (ROAParadox) identifies juxtaposed obsession and avoidance about race as a cultural phenomenon. The ROAParadox model was applied in a multicultural counseling course as a strategy for educating counseling students. Teaching scenarios illustrate the use of this model as a strategy to facilitate discussions on race relations and racism. Student responses and implications for teaching applications are provided along with recommendations for future research

Reflective Learning within a Counselor Education Curriculum

The literature on counselor education and supervision acknowledged the importance of self-awareness and self-reflection in supervision. As counselor educators we emphasized a need to prepare students for reflective practice prior to the practicum experience. In order to investigate how active learning and opportunities were being infused, we conducted an inquiry into the core curriculum of a Community Counseling program. Learning activities were categorized and charted according to the eight core areas of counselor education. This case study analysis provides a guide for a curriculum review of reflective learning and a catalyst for further inquiry

Reflective Learning within a Counselor Education Curriculum

The literature on counselor education and supervision acknowledged the importance of self-awareness and self-reflection in supervision. As counselor educators we emphasized a need to prepare students for reflective practice prior to the practicum experience. In order to investigate how active learning and opportunities were being infused, we conducted an inquiry into the core curriculum of a Community Counseling program. Learning activities were categorized and charted according to the eight core areas of counselor education. This case study analysis provides a guide for a curriculum review of reflective learning and a catalyst for further inquiry

A Social Media Policy for Clinical Mental Health Counseling Programs

The American Counseling Association 2014 Ethical Code mandates that counselors who engage in social media communication develop knowledge and skills related to ethical and legal considerations (American Counseling Association, 2014). In response to these expectations, this article introduces a social media policy created by faculty in a Clinical Mental Health Counseling program. An example and review of an implemented social media policy is provided, along with guidelines for a student-led training program. Case examples are provided that illustrate potential dilemmas of student misuse of social media, along with examples of faculty interventions. This article is designed to contribute to the professional discourse on how to address social media and technology in counselor training

Endless forms of sexual selection

In recent years, the field of sexual selection has exploded, with advances in theoretical and empirical research complementing each other in exciting ways. This perspective piece is the product of a "stock-taking\u27\u27 workshop on sexual selection and sexual conflict. Our aim is to identify and deliberate on outstanding questions and to stimulate discussion rather than provide a comprehensive overview of the entire field. These questions are organized into four thematic sections we deem essential to the field. First we focus on the evolution of mate choice and mating systems. Variation in mate quality can generate both competition and choice in the opposite sex, with implications for the evolution of mating systems. Limitations on mate choice may dictate the importance of direct vs. indirect benefits in mating decisions and consequently, mating systems, especially with regard to polyandry. Second, we focus on how sender and receiver mechanisms shape signal design. Mediation of honest signal content likely depends on integration of temporally variable social and physiological costs that are challenging to measure. We view the neuroethology of sensory and cognitive receiver biases as the main key to signal form and the \u27aesthetic sense\u27 proposed by Darwin. Since a receiver bias is sufficient to both initiate and drive ornament or armament exaggeration, without a genetically correlated or even coevolving receiver, this may be the appropriate \u27null model\u27 of sexual selection. Thirdly, we focus on the genetic architecture of sexually selected traits. Despite advances in modern molecular techniques, the number and identity of genes underlying performance, display and secondary sexual traits remains largely unknown. In-depth investigations into the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism in the context of long-term field studies will reveal constraints and trajectories of sexually selected trait evolution. Finally, we focus on sexual selection and conflict as drivers of speciation. Population divergence and speciation are often influenced by an interplay between sexual and natural selection. The extent to which sexual selection promotes or counteracts population divergence may vary depending on the genetic architecture of traits as well as the covariance between mating competition and local adaptation. Additionally, post-copulatory processes, such as selection against heterospecific sperm, may influence the importance of sexual selection in speciation. We propose that efforts to resolve these four themes can catalyze conceptual progress in the field of sexual selection, and we offer potential avenues of research to advance this progress

Why do avian responses to change in Arctic green-up vary?

Global climate change has altered the timing of seasonal events (i.e., phenology) for a diverse range of biota. Within and among species, however, the degree to which alterations in phenology match climate variability differ substantially. To better understand factors driving these differences, we evaluated variation in timing of nesting of eight Arctic-breeding shorebird species at 18 sites over a 23-year period. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a proxy to determine the start of spring (SOS) growing season and quantified relationships between SOS and nest initiation dates as a measure of phenological responsiveness. Among species, we tested four life history traits (migration distance, seasonal timing of breeding, female body mass, expected female reproductive effort) as species-level predictors of responsiveness. For one species (Semipalmated Sandpiper), we also evaluated whether responsiveness varied across sites. Although no species in our study completely tracked annual variation in SOS, phenological responses were strongest for Western Sandpipers, Pectoral Sandpipers, and Red Phalaropes. Migration distance was the strongest additional predictor of responsiveness, with longer-distance migrant species generally tracking variation in SOS more closely than species that migrate shorter distances. Semipalmated Sandpipers are a widely distributed species, but adjustments in timing of nesting relative to variability in SOS did not vary across sites, suggesting that different breeding populations of this species were equally responsive to climate cues despite differing migration strategies. Our results unexpectedly show that long-distance migrants are more sensitive to local environmental conditions, which may help them to adapt to ongoing changes in climate. climate change, migration, NDVI, nest initiation, phenology, shorebirdspublishedVersio

A Social Media Policy for Clinical Mental Health Counseling Programs

The American Counseling Association 2014 Ethical Code mandates that counselors who engage in social media communication develop knowledge and skills related to ethical and legal considerations (American Counseling Association, 2014). In response to these expectations, this article introduces a social media policy created by faculty in a Clinical Mental Health Counseling program. An example and review of an implemented social media policy is provided, along with guidelines for a student-led training program. Case examples are provided that illustrate potential dilemmas of student misuse of social media, along with examples of faculty interventions. This article is designed to contribute to the professional discourse on how to address social media and technology in counselor training

Effects of leg flags on nest survival of four species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

Marking wild birds is an integral part of many field studies. However, if marks affect the vital rates or behavior of marked individuals, any conclusions reached by a study might be biased relative to the general population. Leg bands have rarely been found to have negative effects on birds and are frequently used to mark individuals. Leg flags, which are larger, heavier, and might produce more drag than bands, are commonly used on shorebirds and can help improve resighting rates. However, no one to date has assessed the possible effects of leg flags on the demographic performance of shorebirds. At seven sites in Arctic Alaska and western Canada, we marked individuals and monitored nest survival of four species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds, including Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), Western Sandpipers (C. mauri), Red-necked Phalaropes (Phalaropus lobatus), and Red Phalaropes (P. fulicarius). We used a daily nest survival model in a Bayesian framework to test for effects of leg flags, relative to birds with only bands, on daily survival rates of 1952 nests. We found no evidence of a difference in nest survival between birds with flags and those with only bands. Our results suggest, therefore, that leg flags have little effect on the nest success of Arctic-breeding sandpipers and phalaropes. Additional studies are needed, however, to evaluate the possible effects of flags on shorebirds that use other habitats and on survival rates of adults and chicks.acceptedVersio