Visualizando el Aprendizaje en Resolución de Problemas Abiertos en las Artes

In their paper, “Making learning visible” (Urrea and Bender, 2012), the authors describe a framework that makes the outcomes of large-scale education reform initiatives visible to and understandable and actionable by all audiences: school administrators, teachers, parents, and the children themselves. In this paper, we examine in detail data from a programming competition among schools from the “Conectandonos” project, a one-to-one computing initiative implemented in Costa Rica by Quirós Tanzi Foundation and the Costa Rican Ministry of Education. We apply the framework to the Turtle Blocks projects of 45 children. We demonstrate a correlation between the application of our framework to the children’s work and their learning outcomes as assessed subjectively. We argue that by demonstrating the efficacy of a mechanism for assessing open- ended problem-solving activities, we remove an obstacle from making the arts a more pervasive part of elementary education.En su artículo, "Hacer el aprendizaje visible" (Urrea y Bender, 2012), los autores describen un marco que hace que los resultados de las iniciativas de reforma de educación a gran escala sean visibles, y comprensibles y aplicables a todos los públicos: administradores educativos, educadores, padres de familia, y los propios niños. En este trabajo, examinamos detalladamente los datos de un concurso de programación entre escuelas del proyecto "Conectándonos", una iniciativa de la computación uno a uno implementado en Costa Rica por la Fundación Quirós Tanzi y el Ministerio de Educación Pública. Aplicamos este marco a los proyectos de Bloques de la Tortuga de 45 niños. Se demuestra una correlación entre la aplicación de nuestro marco al trabajo de los niños y sus resultados de aprendizaje, evaluados subjetivamente. Argumentamos que al demostrar la eficacia de un mecanismo de evaluación de actividades de resolución de problemas abiertos, eliminamos un obstáculo para hacer las artes una parte más dominante de la educación primaria

Draft Genome of Shewanella frigidimarina Ag06-30, a Marine Bacterium Isolated from Potter Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

We present the draft genome of Shewanella frigidimarina Ag06-30, a marine bacterium from King George Island, Antarctica,which encodes the carbapenemase SFP-1. The assembly contains 4,799,218 bp (GC content 41.24%). This strain harbors severalmobile genetic elements that provide insight into lateral gene transfer and bacterial plasticity and evolution.Fil: Parmeciano Di Noto, Gisela Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Susana Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: MacCormack, Walter P.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Iriarte, Andrés. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas ; UruguayFil: Quiroga, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; Argentin

Messenger RNA targeting to endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling sites.

Deficiencies in the protein-folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in all eukaryotic cells lead to ER stress and trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is sensed by Ire1, a transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease, which initiates the non-conventional splicing of the messenger RNA encoding a key transcription activator, Hac1 in yeast or XBP1 in metazoans. In the absence of ER stress, ribosomes are stalled on unspliced HAC1 mRNA. The translational control is imposed by a base-pairing interaction between the HAC1 intron and the HAC1 5' untranslated region. After excision of the intron, transfer RNA ligase joins the severed exons, lifting the translational block and allowing synthesis of Hac1 from the spliced HAC1 mRNA to ensue. Hac1 in turn drives the UPR gene expression program comprising 7-8% of the yeast genome to counteract ER stress. Here we show that, on activation, Ire1 molecules cluster in the ER membrane into discrete foci of higher-order oligomers, to which unspliced HAC1 mRNA is recruited by means of a conserved bipartite targeting element contained in the 3' untranslated region. Disruption of either Ire1 clustering or HAC1 mRNA recruitment impairs UPR signalling. The HAC1 3' untranslated region element is sufficient to target other mRNAs to Ire1 foci, as long as their translation is repressed. Translational repression afforded by the intron fulfils this requirement for HAC1 mRNA. Recruitment of mRNA to signalling centres provides a new paradigm for the control of eukaryotic gene expression

Topological Hall effect in thin films of Mn1.5_{1.5}PtSn

Spin chirality in metallic materials with non-coplanar magnetic order can give rise to a Berry phase induced topological Hall effect. Here, we report the observation of a large topological Hall effect in high-quality films of Mn$_{1.5}$PtSn that were grown by means of magnetron sputtering on MgO(001). The topological Hall resistivity is present up to $\mu_{0}H \approx 4~$T below the spin reorientation transition temperature, $T_{s}=185$~K. We find, that the maximum topological Hall resistivity is of comparable magnitude as the anomalous Hall resistivity. Owing to the size, the topological Hall effect is directly evident prior to the customarily performed subtraction of magnetometry data. Further, we underline the robustness of the topological Hall effect in Mn\textsubscript{2-x}PtSn by extracting the effect for multiple stoichiometries (x~=~0.5, 0.25, 0.1) and film thicknesses (t = 104, 52, 35~nm) with maximum topological Hall resistivities between $0.76~\mu\Omega$cm and $1.55~\mu\Omega$cm at 150~K.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Free-living greylag geese adjust their heart rates and body core temperatures to season and reproductive context

Animals adaptively regulate their metabolic rate and hence energy expenditure over the annual cycle to cope with energetic challenges. We studied energy management in greylag geese. In all geese, profound seasonal changes of heart rate (fH) and body temperature (Tb) showed peaks in summer and troughs during winter, and also daily modulation of fH and Tb. Daily mean fH was on average 22% lower at the winter trough than at the summer peak, whereas daily mean Tb at the winter trough was only about 1 °C below the summer peak. Daily means of Tb together with those of air temperature and day length were the most important predictors of daily mean fH, which was further modulated by precipitation, reproductive state, and, to a minor degree, social rank. Peaks of fH and Tb occurred earlier in incubating females compared to males. Leading goslings increased daily mean fH. Our results suggest that in greylag geese, pronounced changes of fH over the year are caused by photoperiod-induced changes of endogenous heat production. Similar to large non-hibernating mammals, tolerance of lower Tb during winter seems the major factor permitting this. On top of these major seasonal changes, fH and Tb are elevated in incubating females

Bestimmung der Zytokine Interleukin-1ra, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10 und Interleukin-12 im Vaginalsekret bei Frauen mit Bakterieller Vaginose

Die Bakterielle Vaginose stellt in der gynäkologischen Infektiologie nach wie vor eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen der Vagina dar. Die auftretenden Symptome wie gräulich homogener Fluor vaginalis oft verbunden mit fischartigem Geruch sind für die Patientinnen sehr belastend und werden nicht selten aufgrund fehlender Diagnosestellung nicht gezielt behandelt. Bis jetzt konnten die der Bakteriellen Vaginose zugrunde liegenden Ursachen noch nicht hinreichend geklärt werden. Um die immunmodulatorischen Effekte zu untersuchen, die mit den Veränderungen der vaginalen Mikroflora im Sinne der Bakteriellen Vaginose assoziiert sind, und in Hinblick auf mögliche neue sowohl therapeutische als auch diagnostische Ansätze, bestimmten wir bei insgesamt 81 nicht schwangeren Frauen die pro-inflammatorischen Zytokine Interleukin-6 und IL- 12 und das anti-inflammatorische Zytokin IL-10 im Vaginalsekret mittels Elisa. Wir untersuchten 45 Patientinnen im Durchschnittsalter von 30,0 Jahren mit der klinischen Diagnose Bakterielle Vaginose und 36 asymptomatische Frauen im Durchschnittsalter von 33,7 Jahren. Interleukin-6 und IL-12 werden über die Immunantwort vom TH1-Typ vermittelt und zählen zu den pro-inflammatorischen Zytokinen, während Interleukin-10 hingegen ein TH2-vermittelter anti-inflammatorischer Immunmediator ist. Ziel war die Beurteilung der Rolle der zellvermittelten Immunität beim Krankheitsbild der BV. Die Auswertungen unserer Messergebnisse zeigten weder für die proinflammatorischen Zytokine IL-6 (p = 0,782807) und IL-12 (p = 0,671506) noch für das anti-inflammatorische Zytokin IL-10 (p = 0,389744) einen signifikanten Unterschied im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Die für die BV-typischen diagnostischen Marker, wie beispielsweise der pH-Wert, waren statistisch signifikant (p < 0,0001) verändert. Für die Aminprobe ließen sich in der Patientengruppe 42 / 45 positive Ergebnisse finden, während in der Kontrollgruppe 0 / 36 positiv waren. Anhand unserer Ergebnisse scheint die lokale Immunität zumindest in Bezug auf die von uns bestimmten Zytokine bei der Bakteriellen Vaginose eine untergeordnete Rolle zu spielen. Demzufolge lassen sich kaum Anhaltspunkte erkennen, aufgrund derer neue therapeutische Ansätze im Sinne einer Immuntherapie als effektiv zu sehen wären. So gilt eine Behandlung mit Metronidazol oder Clindamycin weiterhin als Mittel der Wahl, eine begleitende Therapie mit Laktobazillen zur Stabilisierung der Mikroflora wäre zu überlegen. Bei Frauen, die an BV erkrankt sind, kommt es vermehrt zu Komplikationen sowohl während der Schwangerschaft, wie ein Spontanabort oder eine Frühgeburt, als auch bei nicht schwangeren Frauen, wie eine Adnexitis oder Endometritis. Aufgrund dessen, dass das Krankheitsbild der Bakteriellen Vaginose möglicherweise in direktem Zusammenhang mit solchen Komplikationen steht, ist die Forschung auf dem Gebiet der BV notwendig und sinnvoll. Es wäre wichtig, Richtlinien für eine schnelle und sichere Diagnosestellung zu erarbeiten, um eine höhere therapeutischen Effektivität zu erreichen

Social Policy Responses of the Chilean State to the Earthquake and Tsunami of 2010

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from SAGE via https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X16648955 Decades of neoliberal policy have left Chile with a skeletal state that administers social policy through targeting and outsourcing in public-private partnerships that lack coordination. The reconstruction after the 2010 earthquake and tsunami responded to the emergency largely according to these same principles. While official reports on the reconstruction effort show a state that is complying with its goals, evidence from fieldwork in the city of Constitución illustrates that this method is highly inadequate in the context of a natural disaster. Chile should establish a social policy structure for natural disasters that allows for a rapid response to a social emergency based on universal or near-universal allocation criteria. Varias décadas de políticas neoliberales han dejado a Chile con un estado débil que simplemente administra las políticas sociales por medio de la focalización y las subcontrataciones en alianzas público-privadas que carecen de coordinación. La reconstrucción después del terremoto y el sunami de 2010 respondió a la catástrofe mayormente de acuerdo a estos mismos principios. Mientras los informes oficiales sobre los esfuerzos de reconstrucción muestran a un estado que cumple con sus metas, el trabajo de campo en la ciudad de Constitución demuestra que este método es decididamente insuficiente en el contexto de un desastre natural. Chile debe establecer unas estructuras de política pública para lidiar con los desastres naturales que permitan dar una respuesta rápida a las emergencias sociales en base a criterios de asignación universales o casi universales. </jats:p

Seismic moulin tremor

Through glacial moulins, meltwater is routed from the glacier surface to its base. Moulins are a main feature feeding subglacial drainage systems and thus influencing basal motion and ice dynamics, but their geometry remains poorly known. Here we show that analysis of the seismic wavefield generated by water falling into a moulin can help constrain its geometry. We present modeling results of hour-long seimic tremors emitted from a vertical moulin shaft, observed with a seismometer array installed at the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The tremor was triggered when the moulin water level exceeded a certain height, which we associate with the threshold for the waterfall to hit directly the surface of the moulin water column. The amplitude of the tremor signal changed over each tremor episode, in close relation to the amount of inflowing water. The tremor spectrum features multiple prominent peaks, whose characteristic frequencies are distributed like the resonant modes of a semiopen organ pipe and were found to depend on the moulin water level, consistent with a source composed of resonant tube waves (water pressure waves coupled to elastic deformation of the moulin walls) along the water-filled moulin pipe. Analysis of surface particle motions lends further support to this interpretation. The seismic wavefield was modeled as a superposition of sustained wave radiation by pressure sources on the side walls and at the bottom of the moulin. The former was found to dominate the wave field at close distance and the latter at large distance to the moulin

Impulsive aggressiveness of pregnant women affects the development of the fetal heart

Mounting evidence indicates that the development of the fetus is heavily influenced by the intra-uterine milieu during pregnancy, and that such influence may have life-long consequences for the individual. The intra- uterine milieu is not only influenced by nutritional factors, but also by maternal endocrine and autonomic activity. Such activity is prone to be affected by an individual's personality, but only little is known about influences of maternal personality on the development of the fetus. We tested pregnant women for their propensity for impulsive, uncontrollable outbursts of temper (referred to here as moderate Intermittent Explosive Disorder, mIED). After the women gave birth, we measured electrocardiograms (ECGs) from their newborn infants to compare ECGs between newborns of women with and without mIED. The data show that infants of women with mIED have larger QRS complexes in the electrocardiogram, and lower heart rate variability, compared to infants of women without mIED. These results reveal effects of maternal mIED on the fetal heart development. These effects may predispose the individual to increased risk for later cardio-vascular disease. The findings open perspectives for better risk prevention models for the unborn child