Love, jealousy, satisfaction and violence in young couples: A network analysis

In recent years, couples have been affected by health measures related to COVID-19, a circumstance that forces us to examine couple interactions in terms of crucial variables of their functioning. In this sense, the present study aimed to examine the association between love, jealousy, satisfaction, and violence in young couples through network analysis. A total of 834 young people and adults between 18 and 38 years of age (Mean = 20.97, SD = 2.39) participated; 646 women (77.50%) and 188 men (22.50%), who completed the Sternberg’s love scale (STLS-R), Brief Jealousy Scale (BJS), Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST-2). A partial unregularized network was estimated using the ggmModSelect function. The Bridge Strength index was calculated because the aim was to identify the bridge nodes between the variables under study. The results reveal that two nodes of the love variable, Commitment, and Intimacy, had a direct and moderate relationship with the Satisfaction node. The latter is the central node in the network. However, in the male group, the most intense associations are in Satisfaction-Intimacy, Violence-Passion, Jealousy-Commitment. It is concluded that there are relevant connections between the nodes of the network, which invite further research on couple relationships after the COVID-19 pandemic

Tareas de escritura y memoria auditiva inmediata en escolares Peruanos

The purpose of the study is determine the relationship between a group of writing tasks and the immediate auditory memory, as well as to establish differences according to sex and level of study. Two hundred and three schoolchildren of fifth and sixth of elementary education from Lima (Peru) participated, they were selected by a non-probabilistic sample. The Immediate Auditory Memory Test and the Battery for Evaluation of Writing Processes (known in Spanish as PROESC) were used. Central tendency measures were used for descriptive analysis. We employed the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman Rho test and probability of superiority as effect size measurement for the inferential analysis. The results indicated a moderate direct and significant correlation between writing tasks and immediate auditory memory in general way and low correlations between dimensions. Finally, it showed that the differences in immediate auditory memory and writing tasks according to sex and level of study does not have practical significance.El objetivo del estudio es determinar la relación entre un conjunto de tareas de escritura y la memoria auditiva inmediata, así como establecer diferencias en función al sexo y el grado de estudios. Participaron 203 escolares de quinto y sexto grado de educación de primaria de Lima (Perú), seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se utilizaron el Test de Memoria Auditiva Inmediata y la Batería de Evaluación de los Procesos de Escritura (PROESC). Para el análisis descriptivo se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central. Para el análisis inferencial se emplearon la U de Mann-Whitney, Rho de Spearman y la probabilidad de superioridad como medida del tamaño del efecto. Los resultados indicaron una correlación moderada, directa y significativa entre las tareas de escritura y la memoria auditiva inmediata en forma general y correlaciones bajas entre las dimensiones. Finalmente, se evidenció que las diferencias en memoria auditiva inmediata y las tareas de escritura en función del sexo y el grado de estudios no tienen significancia práctica.El objetivo del estudio es determinar la relación entre un conjunto de tareas de escritura y la memoria auditiva inmediata, así como establecer diferencias en función al sexo y el grado de estudios. Participaron 203 escolares de quinto y sexto grado de educación de primaria de Lima (Perú), seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se utilizaron el Test de Memoria Auditiva Inmediata y la Batería de Evaluación de los Procesos de Escritura (PROESC). Para el análisis descriptivo se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central. Para el análisis inferencial se emplearon la U de Mann-Whitney, Rho de Spearman y la probabilidad de superioridad como medida del tamaño del efecto. Los resultados indicaron una correlación moderada, directa y significativa entre las tareas de escritura y la memoria auditiva inmediata en forma general y correlaciones bajas entre las dimensiones. Finalmente, se evidenció que las diferencias en memoria auditiva inmediata y las tareas de escritura en función del sexo y el grado de estudios no tienen significancia práctica

Love, jealousy, satisfaction and violence in young couples: A network analysis

In recent years, couples have been affected by health measures related to COVID-19, a circumstance that forces us to examine couple interactions in terms of crucial variables of their functioning. In this sense, the present study aimed to examine the association between love, jealousy, satisfaction, and violence in young couples through network analysis. A total of 834 young people and adults between 18 and 38 years of age (Mean = 20.97, SD = 2.39) participated; 646 women (77.50%) and 188 men (22.50%), who completed the Sternberg’s love scale (STLS-R), Brief Jealousy Scale (BJS), Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST-2). A partial unregularized network was estimated using the ggmModSelect function. The Bridge Strength index was calculated because the aim was to identify the bridge nodes between the variables under study. The results reveal that two nodes of the love variable, Commitment, and Intimacy, had a direct and moderate relationship with the Satisfaction node. The latter is the central node in the network. However, in the male group, the most intense associations are in Satisfaction-Intimacy, Violence-Passion, Jealousy-Commitment. It is concluded that there are relevant connections between the nodes of the network, which invite further research on couple relationships after the COVID-19 pandemic

Otras formas de entender la d de Cohen

Cohen’s d (d) is quite a used measure of the size of the effect and its report is compulsory necessary in sta-tistical analyzes. Nevertheless, researchers report that the difference between two distributions is small (d > .20). However, the interpretation of this coefficient is not clear in psychology studies. In this sense, it is necessary to con-vert the d into a probability measure to facilitate the inter-pretation of the distributions that are object of comparison. Among the most frequent measures are: Cohen’s U3, the superposition coefficient (OVL), the probability of superi-ority (PS) and the number needed to treat (NNT), which can be considered as alternative measures of the magnitude of a difference. For such purposes, R codes that can be easi-ly used by the researchers are provided, as well as a table showing the modifications of the alternative measures be-fore the increase in the size of the effect.La d de Cohen (d) es una medida del tamaño del efecto bastante utilizada y su reporte es una condición necesaria para los análisis estadísticos. No obstante, los investigadores reportan que la diferencia entre dos distribuciones es pequeña (d > .20). Sin embargo, la interpretación de ese coeficiente no es clara en estudios de psicología. En ese sentido, es necesario convertir la d en una medida de probabilidad y de esa forma facilitar la interpretación de las distribuciones que son objeto de comparación. Dentro de las medidas más frecuentes se encuentran: U3 de Cohen, el coeficiente de superposición (OVL), la probabilidad de superioridad (PS) y el número necesario para tratar (NNT) que pueden ser considerados como medidas alternativas de la magnitud de una diferencia. Para tales fines se proporcionan códigos en R que los investigadores pueden usar fácilmente, además de una tabla que evidencia las modificaciones de las medidas alternativas ante el incremento del tamaño del efecto

Validity Evidence and Reliability of a Subjective Well-Being Scale: A Psychometric Network Analysis

The objective of the present research was to analyze the psychometric properties of a short scale of subjective well-being based on the metrics corresponding to the network models. A total of 3196 young people and adults between 18 and 56 years of age (mean=25.88; SD=8.81) from three cities in Peru were selected by nonprobabilistic purposive sampling and divided into two phases: exploratory (n=642) and confrmatory (n=2527). The methodology used was network analysis to determine internal structure and reliability. Evidence in relation to another variable was explored by latent network modeling using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2) as convergence measures. The results reveal that the SWB is a unidimensional measure both in its exploratory phase by Exploratory Graphical Analysis (EGA) and confrmatory (CFI=1.00; RMSEA=0.00). The reliability obtained through structural consistency identifed that 100% of the time only one dimension was obtained; in addition, the items were stable because they replicated within the empirical dimension in all cases. The relationship with the PHQ-2 (r= −.44) and GAD-2 (r= −.34) maintained the expected direction and strength. The current data lays the groundwork for future research on subjective well-being in Peru, particularly because we now have a quick, valid, and reliable measure that can contribute to the scientifc literature on subjective wellbeing, which is an intriguing construct to investigate due to its association with basic human needs and the prevention of mental health problems in a community

Medición de la calidad de vida en adultos mayores institucionalizados de Lima (Perú)

Introduction: Older adults experience physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes that impact their quality of life. It is therefore necessary to have instruments with appropriate measurement properties to identify and measure this variable, so that inferences or interpretations are valid for decision-making.Objective: This study analyzes the measurement properties of the WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire for Peruvian institutionalized seniors.Method: Participants included 300 adults over 65 years (Mage=78.41) institutionalized in a nursing home in the city of Lima, of which 173 (57.7%) were men and 127 (42.3%) were women. The internal structure of the WHOQOL-OLD was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), whereas the convergent validity was analyzed using the Quality of Life Index (QLI). In addition, reliability scores were calculated and a scale for the study sample was obtained.Results: The results show that the structure of the six factors involved in the WHOQOL-OLD is suitably adjusted to data (CFI = .97; TLI = .97; SRMR = .02; RMSEA = .06), with proper internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ranging from .94 to .98). Likewise, it is possible to observe significant relationships with the autonomy (rs = .13, p < .05) and social involvement (rs = .16, p < .01) dimensions included in the QLI.Conclusions: The WHOQOL-OLD Quality of Life Questionnaire has empirical evidence of validity and reliability that makes it an appropriate instrument to measure the quality of life variable.Introducción: Los adultos mayores experimentan cambios a nivel físico, cognitivo, social y emocional que tienen un impacto en su calidad de vida. Por lo tanto, resulta necesario disponer de instrumentos con adecuadas propiedades de medición para identificar y medir esta variable, de modo que las inferencias o interpretaciones sean válidas para la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las propiedades de medición del cuestionario de calidad de vida WHOQOL-OLD en adultos mayores peruanos institucionalizados.Método: Participaron 300 adultos mayores de 65 años (Medad=78.41) institucionalizados en un asilo de la ciudad de Lima, donde 173 (57.7%) fueron hombres y 127 (42.3%) fueron mujeres. Se analizó la estructura interna del WHOQOL-OLD a través del análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y la validez convergente con el Índice de Calidad de Vida (ICV). Asimismo, se estimaron puntuaciones de fiabilidad y se obtuvo un baremo para la muestra de estudio.Resultados: Los resultados indican que la estructura de seis factores del WHOQOL-OLD presenta un ajuste satisfactorio con los datos (CFI = .97; TLI = .97; SRMR = .02; RMSEA= .06) y una adecuada consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach entre .94 y .98). Asimismo, se evidencian relaciones significativas con las dimensiones autonomía (rs = .13, p < .05) y participación social del ICV (rs = .16, p < .01).Conclusiones: El cuestionario de calidad de vida WHOQOL-OLD cuenta con evidencias empíricas de validez y fiabilidad que lo sitúan como un instrumento adecuado para medir la variable de la calidad de vida

Measuring Boredom during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The aim of this study was to translate into Spanish and validate the Boredom Proneness Scale-Short (SBPS) in a sample of young people and adults in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 588 people between 17 and 53 years of age (M = 21.70; SD = 5.22) was selected as a sample. The methodology used combined Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Item Response Theory (IRT) to determine the internal structure, factor weights and reliability, which was estimated by means of the omega coefficient test information functioning and empirical or marginal reliability. Evidence of convergent validity of the SBPS was explored based on its relationship with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). Results reveal that the SBPS is a measure that should be interpreted uni-dimensionally. Reliability was excellent and convergence with the GAD-2 and PHQ-2 presented the expected relationship in both magnitude and direction

Aplicación de un programa para mejorar la velocidad y comprensión de lectura en estudiantes universitarios

The effect of a program to improve reading speed and comprehension was assessed in students from a private peruvian university, for which a quasi-experimental design of longitudinal pretest-postest type was developed and using a protocol based on a methodology of reading program fast, study and memory, was selected for a total sample of 1181 college freshmen from Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN) who were studying on the 2014-II academic semester. Results show a statistically significant increase on reading speed, but not in reading comprehension; furthermore, the practical effect of the program is moderate. It is concluded that the program had a positive moderate effect on reading speed; however, it was not an effective proposal to improve reading comprehension

Depresión según identidad étnica en población peruana: un estudio nacional mediante análisis de redes

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar la dinámica de los síntomas depresivos en población peruana según identidad étnica, y encontrar el síntoma central mediante análisis de redes. Para ello, se analizó la base de datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES), 2020. La muestra fue aleatoria y estuvo conformada por 32 634 participantes, a quienes se les administró el Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Se realizó un análisis de redes para conocer los síntomas centrales de la depresión de acuerdo con su identidad étnica. Los hallazgos señalaron que, en todos los grupos étnicos, el síntoma central fue el ánimo deprimido, a excepción de la población aymara, en quienes la centralidad recae en los problemas del sueño. Además, la menor interacción entre síntomas se presentó en quienes se identificaron como nativos amazónicos. Se concluye que la depresión puede manifestarse de manera distinta entre los grupos étnicos, especialmente en la población aymara, donde se encontró una expresión más somática, expresada en los problemas del sueño