On passion and moral behavior in achievement settings: The mediating role of pride

The Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al., 2003) distinguishes two types of passion: harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP) that predict adaptive and less adaptive outcomes, respectively. In the present research, we were interested in understanding the role of passion in the adoption of moral behavior in achievement settings. It was predicted that the two facets of pride (authentic and hubristic; Tracy & Robins, 2007) would mediate the passion-moral behavior relationship. Specifically, because people who are passionate about a given activity are highly involved in it, it was postulated that they should typically do well and thus experience high levels of pride when engaged in the activity. However, it was also hypothesized that while both types of passion should be conducive to authentic pride, only OP should lead to hubristic pride. Finally, in line with past research on pride (Carver, Sinclair, & Johnson, 2010; Tracy et al., 2009), only hubristic pride was expected to negatively predict moral behavior, while authentic pride was expected to positively predict moral behavior. Results of two studies conducted with paintball players (N=163, Study 1) and athletes (N=296, Study 2) supported the proposed model. Future research directions are discussed in light of the Dualistic Model of Passion

Passion, craving, and affect in online gaming: Predicting how gamers feel when playing and when prevented from playing

According to the Dualistic Model of Passion, two forms of passion can motivate a behavior: harmonious passion and obsessive passion. Across various life activities, studies have found that the two forms of passion show different relationships with affect, linking harmonious passion to positive affect and obsessive passion to negative affect. To investigate if this pattern also holds for online gaming, the present study investigated 160 gamers involved in playing massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMOs) and examined positive and negative affect (a) when playing and (b) when prevented from playing. In addition, the effects of general affect and craving for playing MMOs were controlled for. Results were as expected from the Dualistic Model of Passion: Harmonious passion for online gaming predicted positive affect when playing whereas obsessive passion predicted negative affect when playing and when prevented from playing. Moreover, these effects remained unchanged when general affect and craving were controlled for. With this, the present research shows that individual differences in passion for online gaming explain unique variance in gaming-related emotions. Moreover, the present findings suggests that craving is a variable that future research on positive and negative affect in online gaming should pay closer attention to

Pour la restauration de la Cour de révision

Il faut au départ un constat fort simple : la Cour d'appel, face au contexte actuel et confrontée au phénomène d'inflation judiciaire, ne peut assumer adéquatement son double rôle, soit l'oeuvre de révision des jugements et l'oeuvre de direction du droit. Devant cette situation et dans la conjoncture actuelle et prévisible, il faut penser à la restauration de la Cour de révisionTo begin with, a simple observation is in order : in the current situation and faced with judicial inflation, the Court of Appeal cannot adequately assume its dual role, namely that of judicial review and judicial orientation of the law. In this context and with the current and future outlook, it is appropriate to consider the reinstitution of a Court of Review

Modèle d'évaluation des coûts des programmes: vue générale

The university accepts the responsibility of educational programs, carries out research programs and offers programs in diverse areas to the community at large. In order to do this, the university requires human and physical resources which, without taking into con-sideration their intrinsic value, are all translated into financial resources. It follows logically that this requires an allocation of resources for the different programs which takes into account the development priorities which the very implantation of the programs tries to reveal. But the process which consists of foreseeing the rational allocation of resources is extremely delicate, as much on the level of political significance, internal and external, as on the technical level which consists of focussing on the tools required for a new reading of budgetary reality.L'Universite´ dispense des programmes d'enseignement, poursuit des programmes de re- cherche et offre des programmes de services divers a` la collectivite´. Pour ce faire, elle utilise des ressources humaines et physiques qui se traduisent toutes, quelle que soit leur valeur intrinse`que, en ressources financie`res. La logique - cela tombe sous le sens commun — requiert une allocation des ressources aux diffe´rents programmes qui tienne compte des priorite´s de de´veloppement que l'im- plantation me^me des programmes s'efforce de re´ve´ler. Mais l'ope´ration qui consiste a` pre´voir l'allocation rationnelle des ressources est extre^mement de´licate, autant sur le plan de sa signification politique, interne et externe, que sur celui, technique, qui consiste a` mettre au point les outils requis pour faire une lecture nouvelle de la re´alite´ budge´taire. En outre, l'universite´ moderne consomme annuellement des ressources financie`res e´normes, dont elle ne contro^le que tre`s imparfaitement la provenance. De´pendante des pouvoirs publics dont les priorite´s peuvent ne pas coi¨ncider avec celles qu 'elle veut se donner, l'universite´ est de plus en plus contrainte de mieux articuler ses instruments de de´veloppement et de raffiner davantage ses techniques de management. Cette toile de fond fait ressortir l'urgence pour toute universite´ de mettre en place et d'ope´rer un syste`me d'e´valuation des cou^ts, instrument indispensable aux fins a) d'e´clairer les de´cisions relatives a` l'allocation des ressources, tant pour la reconduction des programmes existants que pour l'implantation de nouveaux programmes; bj de faire les simulations ne´cessaires pour re´agir a` temps et d'une fac¸on approprie´e aux propositions de financement du gouvernement

On Passion and Sports Fans:A Look at Football

The purpose of the present research was to test the applicability of the Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al., 2003) to being a sport (football) fan. The model posits that passion is a strong inclination toward an activity that individuals like (or even love), that they value, and in which they invest time and energy. Furthermore, two types of passion are proposed: harmonious and obsessive passion. While obsessive passion entails an uncontrollable urge to engage in the passionate activity, harmonious passion entails a sense of volition while engaging in the activity. Finally, the model posits that harmonious passion leads to more adaptive outcomes than obsessive passion. Three studies provided support for this dualistic conceptualization of passion. Study 1 showed that harmonious passion was positively associated with adaptive behaviours (e.g., celebrate the team’s victory), while obsessive passion was rather positively associated with maladaptive behaviours (e.g., to risk losing one’s employment to go to the team’s game). Study 2 used a short Passion Scale and showed that harmonious passion was positively related to the positive affective life of fans during the 2006 FIFA World Cup, psychological health (self-esteem and life satisfaction), and public displays of adaptive behaviours (e.g., celebrating one’s team victory in the streets), while obsessive passion was predictive of maladaptive affective life (e.g., hating opposing team’s fans) and behaviours (e.g., mocking the opposing team’s fans). Finally, Study 3 examined the role of obsessive passion as a predictor of partner’s conflict that in turn undermined partner’s relationship satisfaction. Overall, the present results provided support for the Dualistic Model of Passion. The conceptual and applied implications of the findings are discussed

Motivation profiles in sport: A self-determination theory perspective

The present study examined the link between motivation profiles among adult sports participants and the outcomes of enjoyment, effort, positive and negative affect, attitude toward sport participation, intention to continue sport participation, satisfaction, and persistence in sport. Two samples of participants (n = 590 and n = 555) completed the Sport Motivation Scale and a range of self-report measures to assess the outcome variables. Exploratory cluster analyses applied to Sample 1 and confirmatory cluster analysis applied to Sample 2 identified two clusters of sport participants. The first comprised participants with high scores on both non self-determined and self-determined motives. The second comprised participants with high scores on self-determined motives but low scores on non self- determined motives. Participants in the first cluster scored higher on all outcome variables. The results are discussed with reference to a more in-depth understanding of the motivation dynamics of sport participation based on Self-Determination Theory

Exercise Addiction in Athletes and Leisure Exercisers: The Moderating Role of Passion

Background and aims Recently, empirical research has linked obsessive passion to the etiology of exercise addiction, and the conceptual reason behind the fact that the latter is more prevalent in athletes than leisure exercisers has been challenged. The aim of this study was to determine the link between exercise addiction and harmonious passion, obsessive passion, and dedication to sports, in the context of athletic levels. A sample comprised of low- and high-level competitive athletes and non-competitive leisure exercisers (n = 313) was examined, in a cross-sectional design, in which participants completed the Spanish validated versions of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (Sicilia, Alías-García, Ferriz, & Moreno-Murcia, 2013) and Passion Scale (Chamarro et al., 2015). Results Obsessive passion and dedication to sports emerged as strong predictors of exercise addiction. Competitive athletes scored higher than leisure exercisers on all measures. Athletes competing at low and high levels only differed in dedication to their sports from each other. Team-sports athletes reported greater harmonious and obsessive passions, and dedication to sports, but not different exercise addictions, than people taking part in individual sports. Conclusions The concept of exercise addiction is not a plain and independent construct and may not reflect a psychological dysfunction in the athletic population. Athletes could interpret exercise addiction screening-items differently from non-athletes. Athletes in team sports report greater passion and dedication than those practicing individual sports

Implications of motivation differences in preclinical-clinical transition of dental students:A one-year follow-up study

Background Patient contact and clinical-based learning have been suggested as positive determinants of student motivation. However, few studies have been conducted on how this impacts dental student motivation. Based on the self-determination theory, this study aims to explore differences in the quality of motivation of dental student transition from preclinical (no previous patient contact) to clinical courses. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted with 95 Chilean students who completed the Academic Motivation Scale in two iterations over a one-year period. Results Paired t-test showed a significant increase in relative autonomous motivation as well as in amotivation. Discussions This suggests that while clinical contact supports student self-determination, an abrupt transition might be associated with maladjustment, which could lead to feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. Future research could usefully explore if early and gradual clinical experiences enhance student adaptation to the clinical context, thus increasing relative autonomous motivation and decreasing amotivation in the time

Passion and Pacing in Endurance Performance

Endurance sports are booming, with sports passionates of varying skills and expertise battering city streets and back roads on their weekly or daily exercise rounds. The investments required for performing in endurance exercise are nevertheless considerable, and passion for their sport might explain the efforts endurance athletes are willing to make. Passion may be defined as a strong motivational force and as such might be related to the neurophysiological basis underlying the drive to exercise. A complex relationship between the brain and other systems is responsible for athletes' exercise behavior and thus performance in sports. We anticipate important consequences of athletes' short term choices, for example concerning risk taking actions, on long term outcomes, such as injuries, overtraining and burnout. We propose to consider athletes' type of passion, in combination with neurophysiological parameters, as an explanatory factor inunderstanding the apparent disparity in the regulation of exercise intensity during endurance sports. Previous research has demonstrated that athletes can be passionate toward their sport in either a harmonious or an obsessive way. Although both lead to considerable investments and therefore often to successful performances, obsessive passion may affect athlete well-being and performance on the long run, due to the corresponding inflexible exercise behavior. In this perspective we will thus examine the influence of passion in sport on athletes' short term and long term decision-making and exercise behavior, in particular related to the regulation of exercise intensity, and discuss the expected long term effects of both types of passion for sport