CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA DA FOLHA DE Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (ERVA-MATE) E DE OUTRAS ESPÉCIES UTILIZADAS NA ADULTERAÇÃO DO MATE

The Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (mate) is a native species of South America. Its leaves and fines, dry and triturated are used to prepare “chimarrão” as well as for “terere”, soluble tea, tea and for pharmaceuthical applications. Due to the high demand of the product, adulteration with other native species is frequent. This paper deals with the identification of different chemical compounds in the leaves of mate and in some other species, commonly used in the adulteration of it, by means of chemical and instrumental analyses. The results indicated that I. dumosa contained, among other compounds, saponins of hemolitic action while P. sellowii presented cianidric action (0,032% in the dry plant). It was also verified that the chemical composition is highly related to the species, to the harvest time, to the position and age of leaves and to climate and soil conditions.A Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (erva-mate) é uma espécie nativa da América do Sul. As suas folhas e ramos finos, secos e triturados são utilizados como chimarrão, tererê, mate solúvel, chá mate e em preparações farmacêuticas. Em função da alta demanda do produto, o mercado ervateiro é freqüentemente vítima de falsificações, principalmente por misturas com outras espécies nativas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, mediante técnicas analíticas químicas e instrumentais, a presença de diferentes compostos químicos existentes na folha de erva-mate e de algumas espécies (Ilex theezans Mart., Ilex dumosa Reiss., Campomanesia xantocarpa Berg., Capsicodendrum dinisii Sch., Prunus sellowii Koeh.) utilizadas na adulteração do mate. Os resultados demonstraram que a I. dumosa apresentou, entre outros compostos, saponinas de ação hemolítica (destrói as células que transportam o oxigênio ao sangue) e o P. sellowii, ácido cianídrico (0,032% na planta seca), substância com toxidez comprovada. Constatou-se também, que a composição química das folhas está intimamente relacionada com a espécie, época de coleta do material, posição e idade das mesmas, além das condições de solo e clima

Инфекционные осложнения струмэктомии

ЗОБ /ХИРПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫЕ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ БОЛЕЗНИ /ХИРСТРУМЭКТОМИЯХИРУРГИЧЕСКАЯ РАНЕВАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯЭНДОКРИННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ БОЛЕЗНИ /ХИ

The impact of sarcopenic obesity on inflammation, lean body mass, and muscle strength in elderly women

Objective: The objective of this study was to apply the newly standardized definition for sarcopenia from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and the current definition for obesity to 1) determine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in obese elderly women; 2) compare the muscle strength, lean body mass, and markers of inflammation between obese elderly women with SO and nonsarcopenic obesity (NSO), and 3) elucidate the relationship between appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (aLM/BMI) with muscle strength, lean body mass, and obesity indices. Methods: A total of 64 elderly obese women (age: 68.35±6.04 years) underwent body composition analysis by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Participants were classified into two groups according to the definition of SO and NSO. Blood samples were collected for total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, uric acid, urea, interleukin-6 (IL-6), glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) measurements. Results: The SO group presented a significantly greater BMI, fat (%), glucose, a marginal trend toward significance for uric acid, and IL-6 compared to the NSO group. In addition, the SO group displayed lower values for muscle strength and lean body mass. From a correlation standpoint, a higher aLM/BMI was positively associated with lean body mass and muscle strength and negatively associated with a lower BMI and percentage body fat. Conclusion: The definition criteria from FNIH and obesity permit the ability to illustrate the prevalence and identify SO in elderly women with low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and impaired markers of inflammation

Relative Handgrip Strength as a Simple Tool to Evaluate Impaired Heart Rate Recovery and a Low Chronotropic Index in Obese Older Women

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 844-855, 2018. The aim of the present study was to compare differences in heart rate response following a treadmill exercise test in elderly obese women categorized into groups based on relative handgrip strength. Eighty-eight obese elderly women who were between the ages of 60 and 87 participated in the study and were categorized and enrolled to one of two groups based on lower (\u3c 1.51 m²) or higher (≥ 1.51 m²) relative handgrip strength, respectively. The heart rate recovery in the first and second minutes following the treadmill exercise test and the chronotropic index were compared between groups. The higher relative handgrip strength group presented a significantly higher peak heart rate during exercise and a quicker heart rate recovery following exercise versus the lower relative handgrip strength group (pp=0.059) toward a significantly greater chronotropic index in the higher versus the lower relative handgrip strength group. In conclusion, elderly women with greater relative handgrip strength also demonstrated a better heart rate response during and following exercise, possibly indicating better autonomic balance. The relative handgrip strength might be an important and inexpensive tool for the elderly obese women to indirect assess cardiovascular health

Idosas com síndrome metabólica apresentam maior risco cardiovascular e menor força muscular relativa

OBJETIVO: Comparar os parâmetros metabólicos, antropométricos, pressão arterial e força muscular de mulheres idosas com síndrome metabólica e sem síndrome metabólica. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle com 27 (67,3±4,8 anos 31,0±5,0kg/m²) idosas com síndrome metabólica e 33 (68,8±5,6 anos 27,2±5,3kg/m²) idosas controle sedentárias. As idosas foram submetidas à avaliação de composição por meio da absorciometria de raio X de dupla energia e teste de força muscular de 10 repetições máximas na extensão de joelhos. RESULTADOS: Quando comparadas às idosas sem síndrome metabólica, as idosas com síndrome metabólica apresentaram índices maiores para: massa corporal (72,2±13,5 x 63,4±14,6kg; p=0,03), índice de massa corporal (31,0±5,0 x 27,2±5,3kg/m²; p=0,007), massa gorda (30,9±9,9 x 24,4±8, 5kg; p=0,01), pressão arterial sistólica (125,1±8,2 x 119,3±8,7mmHg; p=0,01), pressão arterial diastólica (75,5±6,9 x 71,4±6,7mmHg; p=0,03), pressão arterial média (92,5±6,2 x 87,1±6,7mmHg; p=0,004), glicemia (103,8±19,1 x 91,1±5,9mg/dL; p=0,001), triglicerídeos (187,1±70,2 x 116,3±36,7mg/dL; p=0,001) e creatina quinase (122,6±58,6 x 89,8±32,5 U/L; p=0,01); foram menores: massa livre de gordura (55,9±5,8 x 59,3±6,7 %; p=0,05); HDL-C (40,7±5,0 x 50,5±10,1mg/dL p=0,001) e força muscular relativa (0,53±0,14 x 0,62±0,12; p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Idosas com síndrome metabólica apresentam maior risco cardiovascular e menor força muscular relativa, quando comparadas às idosas sem síndrome metabólica. A força muscular relativa pode estar relacionada aos fatores de risco cardiovascular da síndrome metabólica.OBJECTIVE: To compare the metabolic, anthropometric, arterial blood pressure, and muscle strength parameters of elderly women with and without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A case-control study with 27 (67.3±4.8 years of age, 31.0±5.0kg/m²) elderly women with metabolic syndrome and 33 (68.8±5.6 years of age, 27.2±5.3kg/m²) sedentary control elderly women. They were submitted to an evaluation of body composition by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength testing with 10 maximal repetitions of knee extension. RESULTS: When compared to the elderly women without metabolic syndrome, those with the metabolic syndrome had higher levels for body mass (72.2±13.5 versus 63.4±14.6kg, p=0.03), body mass index (31.0±5.0 versus 27.2±5.3kg/m2, p=0.007), fat mass (30.9±9.9 versus 24.4±8.5kg, p=0.01), systolic arterial pressure (125.1±8.2 versus 119.3±8.7mmHg, p=0.01), diastolic arterial pressure (75.5±6.9 versus 71.4±6.7mmHg, p=0.03), mean arterial pressure (92.5±6.2 versus 87.1±6.7mmHg, p=0.004), blood glucose (103.8±19.1 versus 91.1±5.9mg/dL, p=0.001), triglycerides (187.1±70.2 versus 116.3±36.7mg/dL, p=0.001), and creatine kinase (122.6±58.6 versus 89.8±32.5U/L, p=0.01); lower levels were found for fat-free mass (55.9±5.8 versus 59.3±6.7%; p=0.05), HDL-C (40.7±5.0 versus 50.5±10.1mg/dL, p=0.001), and relative muscle strength (0.53±0.14 versus 0.62±0.12, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Elderly women with metabolic syndrome have a higher cardiovascular risk and less relative muscle strength when compared to those without metabolic syndrome. Relative muscle strength may be related to the cardiovascularr risk factors of the metabolic syndrome

Prevalência de traumas em membros inferiores de pacientes atendidos pela fisioterapia no Hospital Regional de Ceilândia

Objetivos: verificar o perfil epidemiológico e a prevalência dos traumatismos de membros inferiores de pacientes atendidos por fisioterapeutas em um hospital público do Distrito Federal, demonstrando essa prevalência quanto à região anatômica, o tipo e o mecanismo de lesão e realizar uma análise da função muscular dos membros inferiores de dados de uma avaliação inicial. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal baseado na análise dos dados de fichas de avaliação realizadas durante o projeto Prevenção de Deformidades Ortopédicas em Pessoas com Deficiência Física do PET/Saúde Redes de Atenção à Saúde entre 2013 a 2015. Resultados: Foram analisadas no total 224 fichas, em que houve predomínio do sexo masculino (72,32%), idade média de 42,47±19,59 anos, etnia parda (43,30%), situação conjugal solteiro (40,63%), escolaridade de ensino fundamental completo (57,14%). A região anatômica mais acometida foi o fêmur (27,68%), a fratura (80,36%) foi o tipo de lesão mais prevalente, e o acidente de trânsito (43,75%) foi o mecanismo de lesão mais predominante. Quanto à função muscular avaliada inicialmente, no quadril e joelho houve prevalência de força muscular boa, no pé força muscular ruim e no hálux e artelhos função muscular regular

Comparison of thoracic kyphosis between sedentary and physically active older adults by the flexicurve method

Thoracic hyperkyphosis is one of the most common postural changes, which is defined as an increase of thoracic spine curvature in the sagittal plane. The alterations that occur in the postural control system with age influence functional mobility and result in a lack of balance in older adults. The objective of this study was to compare thoracic kyphosis between physically active and sedentary older adults in order to determine the influence of physical activity on dorsal kyphosis in the elderly. In a cross-sectional study, 40 healthy volunteers of both genders, ranging in age from 60 to 69 years, were randomly divided into a physically active group and a sedentary group and evaluated by the flexicurve method. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and the Student t-test for independent samples were used for analysis. The results showed that physically active older adults presented fewer changes in the curvature of the thoracic spine than sedentary subjects, but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, active and sedentary older adults present similar characteristics in terms of thoracic kyphosis

A comparative study of thoracic kyphosis angles and respiratory muscle strength of elderly women

OBJECTIVE: The increase in thoracic kyphosis and the decrease in respiratory muscle strength are among the most frequently observed physiological changes in the elderly. The aim of this study was to compare thoracic kyphosis angle and respiratory muscle strength measurements among women who do physical activity with those who do not. METHOD: We evaluated 54 elderly women aged between 60 and 80 years old, and distributed them into two groups: Group 1, with 27 physically active elderly women (71.3 ± 5.1 years old); and Group 2, with 27 elderly women who do not do physical activity (70.2 ± 4.8 years old). Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and the angle degree of the thoracic kyphosis was measured using the Flexicurva method. For data analysis, we used Pearson's correlation test and Student's t-test, with a significance level set at p &lt; 0.05. RESULTS: Group 1participants showed higher values of MIP and MEP when compared to those in Group 2. A possible reason for this result could be the effects of regular physical activity and, specifically, the sport practiced. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that regular participation in physical activity contributes to the maintenance of respiratory muscle strength and delays the increase of the thoracic kyphosis angle in physically active elderly women.</p

Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients receiving three targeted therapies (TTs) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)

431 Background: In recent years, TTs have improved the prognosis of mRCC patients (pts). Despite a non-negligible number of pts received 3 TTs in clinical practice, no TTs have been evaluated as third-line. Aim of this study is to investigate the clinical outcome in pts who received 3 TTs. Methods: Pts with clear-cell mRCC who received 3 TTs were included. A questionnaire was sent to main Italian centers involved in the treatment of mRCC. Demographic data, history of RCC, type and length of first-, second- and third-line were collected; MSKCC risk class was calculated before starting the first-line. Sequences were evaluated by class (TKI-TKI-mTOR vs. TKI-mTOR-TKI) or by drug (Su-So-Ev vs. Su-Ev-So). Median PFS, OS and Time to Strategy Failure (TTSF: from start of first- to end of thrid-line) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meyer method with 95% CI and curves were compared with log-rank test. Cox model was used to explore predictors of TTSF and OS. The study had the ethical approval. Results: 2,065 pts were screened and 281 pts (13%) were treated with 3 TTs. No differences were found between TKI-TKI-mTOR and TKI-mTOR-TKI groups. The TTSF was 36.5 (30.5–42.6) mos vs. 29.3 (23.6–34.9) mos (p=0.059), and the OS was 50.7 (40.6–60.8) vs. 37.8 (34.2–41.5) mos (p=0.004), for TKI-TKI-mTOR and and TKI-mTOR-TKI, respectively. TTSF for Su-So-Ev was 32.1 vs. 30.4 mos for Su-Ev-So (p=0.006). The median OS was not reached in the group treated with Su-So-Ev compared to 35.6 (95%CI, 31.6–39.6) mos in the group treated with Su-Ev-So (p&lt;0.001). The univariate and multivariable Cox analyses for TTSF and OS showed that the only predictive factor is the primary resistance to 1st line (HR: 3.15, 95%CI, 1.98-4.99; p&lt;0.001). The Prognostic factors are the initial MSKCC group (HR: 2.07, 95% CI, 1.41 -3.05; p&lt;0.001), the sequence of therapy (HR: 2.59, 95% CI, 1.59-4.22; p&lt;0.001) and the primary resistance to first line (HR: 2.20, 95% CI, 1.16-4.11; p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: We report as the sequential treatment with two antiangiogenic inhibitors followed by an mTOR inhibitor could increase survival and the control disease in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. </jats:p