Analysis of Defects on PCB Using Modern Optical Method

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na detekci defektů BGA (Ball Grid Array) součástek pomocí rentgenu. Defekty vznikají při přetavení BGA součástky během montáže, ale i později vlivem mechanického a tepelného namáhání. Proto je zde uveden přehled defektů a diagnostických metod BGA pouzder, např.: moderní rentgenová defektoskopie nebo mikrovýbrus. Je zde popsáno zařízení NORDSON DAGE XD7600NT jeho obsluha a nastavení. Zařízení umožnuje pokročilé metody snímání s názvem X-plane. Pro vytváření 3D modelů slouží rekonstrukční program s názvem CERA, který používá raw data z metody X-plane.This diploma thesis is focused on detecting of defects on BGA (Ball Grid Array) components using of X-ray. Defects are formed during reflow BGA components during assembly, but also later due to mechanical and thermal stress. Therefore, there is an overview of defects and methods of diagnosis of BGA packages eg .: modern X-ray defect detection or micro sections. There is disclosed a device NORDSON DAGE XD7600NT its operation and setup. The device enables advanced methods of scanning called X-plane. For creating 3D models used reconstructive software called CERA, which uses raw data from the method of X-Plane.

Friction of compliant contacts

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá studiem tření poddajných kontaktů a parametry je ovlivňující. První část této práce poskytuje analýzu aktuální problematiky tření a poddajných materiálů. V další části se nachází základní definice tření, poddajných materiálů a poddajných kontaktů spolu se samotnou studií aktuálních článků. Poslední část této práce je diskuze zabývající se všemi články a ovlivňujícími parametry, které z těchto článků vychází. Následována potenciálními výzkumnými směry.This bachelor’s thesis deals with the study of the friction of compliant contacts and parameters affecting it. First section of this thesis provides analysis of current problematics with friction and compliant materials. In the next section basic definition of friction, compliant material and compliant contacts is provided with an actual study of up-to-date articles. Last section of this thesis is discussion dealing with all the articles and pointing out the influencing parameters. Followed by potential research pathways.

Investigation of Reliability for Solder Joints in Nitrogen Atmosphere

Tato práce zkoumá vliv dusíkové atmosféry na kvalitu pájeného spoje bezolovnatými pájecími pastami. Pro pájecí pasty se změřily a nastavily teplotní profily. Součástí je realizace a měření vzorků v ochranné dusíkové atmosféře s různou koncentrací zbytkového kyslíku a bez ochranné atmosféry. Tato měření se porovnala a vyvodil se závěr vlivu dusíkové atmosféry. Byla zkoumána spolehlivost a jakost pájeného spoje.This thesis examines the influence of nitrogen atmosphere on the quality of the solder joint lead-free solder paste. For the solder paste were measured and set temperature profiles. Thesis includes the implementation and measurement of samples in a protective nitrogen atmosphere and without a protective atmosphere. These measurements are compared, and the conclusions were drawn for the influence of nitrogen atmosphere. The reliability and the quality of the soldered joints were investigated.

Belt conveyor for quartz sand

Cílem této bakalářské práce byl návrh pásového dopravníku dle zadaných parametrů a to dopravovaného materiálu, dopravního výkonu, osové vzdálenosti přesypů a výškového rozdílu. Na základě těchto vstupních parametrů byl proveden funkční výpočet dle normy ČSN ISO 5048. Byly stanoveny hlavní rozměry dopravníku, byly zvoleny vhodné komponenty, které jsou v práci popsány a byly navrženy potřebné části. Práce obsahuje pevnostní výpočet hřídele hnaného bubnu, výpočet trvanlivosti ložisek na hnaném hřídeli a výpočet bezpečnosti vzhledem k meznímu stavu vzpěrné stability šroubu napínacího zařízení. V závěrečné části je vyhodnocení navrhnutého dopravníků pro různé zrnitosti a vlhkosti dopravovaného materiálu. Práce obsahuje požadovanou výkresovou dokumentaci.The aim of this bachelor thesis is to design a belt conveyor according to the assigned parameters: conveyed material, conveyor capacity, axial distance between the drums at both ends and height difference. On the basis of these parameters a functional calculation is conducted in accordance with the standard ČSN ISO 5048. The main dimensions of the conveyor were determined as well as suitable components further described in the thesis. All necessary parts were designed. The thesis also includes strength calculation of drive shaft, calculation of bearing durability used for the drive shaft and calculation of safety factor in relation to limit state of bolt strut stability of tension mechanism. The conclusion part is focused on the evaluation of the designed conveyor when used for materials of different grain size and humidity. Required designed drawings are annexed.

Diamond-based electrodes for organic photovoltaic devices

The present paper demonstrates the possibility of replacing indium–tin oxide (ITO) with heavily boron-doped diamond (BDD). Plasma Enhanced Chemically Vapor Deposited BDDs layers of various thicknesses were prepared containing various boron concentrations in a gas phase. The dependence of the above-mentioned parameters on the optical and electrical properties of each BDD was studied in order to achieve optimal conditions for the effective application of diamond electrodes in organic electronics as a replacement for ITO. Bulk-heterojunction polymer–fullerene organic solar cells were fabricated to test the potency of BDD application in photovoltaic devices. The obtained results demonstrated the possibility of the aforementioned application. Even though the efficiency of BDD-based devices is lower compared to those using regular ITO-based architecture, the relevant issues were explained

What Should Professors Teach about the Protestant Work Ethic?

The purpose of this paper is to argue that Christian professors need to teach students to question assumptions underlying business constructs, even familiar constructs. The Protestant work ethic (PWE) is an important and influential work ethic, but after analysis, it will be shown to be neither biblical nor Protestant. By this we mean that some key definitional elements of the PWE are not Biblical and are not philosophically compatible with the theologies of Martin Luther or John Calvin. Our conclusion is that Christian professors should use the PWE as a cautionary tale to help Christian students evaluate worldviews. The authors suggest several classroom exercises to help students develop their skills in testing assumptions

Valence Bond States: Link models

An isotropic anti-ferromagnetic quantum state on a square lattice is characterized by symmetry arguments only. By construction, this quantum state is the result of an underlying valence bond structure without breaking any symmetry in the lattice or spin spaces. A detailed analysis of the correlations of the quantum state is given (using a mapping to a 2D classical statistical model and methods in field theory like mapping to the non-linear sigma model or bosonization techniques) as well as the results of numerical treatments (regarding exact diagonalization and variational methods). Finally, the physical relevance of the model is motivated. A comparison of the model to known anti-ferromagnetic Mott-Hubbard insulators is given by means of the two-point equal-time correlation function obtained i) numerically from the suggested state and ii) experimentally from neutron scattering on cuprates in the anti-ferromagnetic insulator phase.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures; added references, corrected some typos, new sections. Published versio

Morphology versus Vertical Phase Segregation in Solvent Annealed Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

The deep study of solvent annealed small molecules bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on DPP(TBFu)2 : PC60BM blend is carried out. To reveal the reason of the solvent annealing advantage over the thermal one, capacitance-voltage measurements were applied. It was found that controlling the vertical phase segregation in the solar cells a high fullerene population in the vicinity of the cathode could be achieved. This results in increase of the shunt resistance of the cell, thus improving the light harvesting efficiency

Atomic Layer-controlled Nonlinear Terahertz Valleytronics in Dirac Semi-metal and Semiconductor PtSe2

Platinum diselenide (PtSe2) is a promising two-dimensional (2D) material for the terahertz (THz) range as, unlike other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), its bandgap can be uniquely tuned from a semiconductor in the near-infrared to a semimetal with the number of atomic layers. This gives the material unique THz photonic properties that can be layer-engineered. Here, we demonstrate that a controlled THz nonlinearity - tuned from monolayer to bulk PtSe2 - can be realised in wafer size polycrystalline PtSe2 through the generation of ultrafast photocurrents and the engineering of the bandstructure valleys. This is combined with the PtSe2 layer interaction with the substrate for a broken material centro-symmetry permitting a second order nonlinearity. Further, we show layer-dependent circular dichroism, where the sign of the ultrafast currents and hence the phase of the emitted THz pulse can be controlled through the excitation of different bandstructure valleys. In particular, we show that a semimetal has a strong dichroism that is absent in the monolayer and few layer semiconducting limit. The microscopic origins of this TMD bandstructure engineering is highlighted through detailed DFT simulations and show that circular dichroism can be controlled when PtSe2 becomes a semimetal and when the K-valleys can be excited. As well as showing that PtSe2 is a promising material for THz generation through layer controlled optical nonlinearities, this work opens up new class of circular dichroism materials beyond the monolayer limit that has been the case of traditional TMDs, and impacting a range of domains from THz valleytronics, THz spintronics to harmonic generation

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161