Tratamiento ambulatorio involuntario

Màster en Bioètica i Dret UB, VIII edició 2005-2007Discusión de las implicaciones bioéticas del tratamiento ambulatorio involuntari

Las nuevas formas de contratación y sus repercusiones en los derechos laborales. estudio desde el marco jurídico laboral vigente

ResumenEl derecho del trabajo vigente en México, sostenido bajo los pilares constitucionales de derecho social, se ha visto en los últimos años en franco debate sobre su actualidad. Las propuestas de reforma a la ley laboral de los distintos grupos parlamentarios, que incluyen las nuevas formas de contratación, han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad tanto de modernizar la ley con el objeto de alcanzar niveles de competitividad y productividad que exige el mundo globalizado, como de abatir el desempleo. Propuestas que en el fondo, en este estudio, el punto de debate es que las relaciones laborales se alejan de los principios que les permiten a los trabajadores contar con los mínimos derechos que reglamenta el sistema jurídico laboral en su beneficio y el de su familia. Los cambios, como en cualquier circunstancia y modo de vida, no son del todo malos; el problema, como muchos coincidimos, es que en materia laboral los cambios no traen aparejadas compensaciones sino, por el contrario, muchas exigencias hacia los trabajadores, como lo concerniente a la capacitación, condición sine qua non para ser contratados.AbstractMexican Labour Law in force, held on the constitutional pillars of Social Law, has been in recent years in open debate on its relevance. Proposals to reform it which include new recruitment by the various parliamentary groups, have highlighted the need to modernize the Law in order to achieve competitiveness and productivity levels demanded by the globalized world, as well as reduce unemployment. The focal point of debate is that labour relations get away from those principles that allow workers to have the minimum rights determined by the legal labour system to their benefit and that of their families. Changes as in all circumstances and lifestyle, are not all bad, the problem, as many agree, is that in labour issues, the changes do not imply compensation but on the contrary, imply demands to the workers, as regards to training which is sine qua non condition for recruitment

Ensayo de PCR multiplex para la detección en leche del género Salmonella, la subespecie I y el serotipo Typhimurium

Gastrointestinal disea ses  caused  by  foodstuffs  contaminated with  Salmonella entérica implicate  important  social  and economic  issues,  making  it  necessary  to  have  fast,  sensitive,  and  specific  systems  for  opportune  detection  of  the pathogen.  An  endpoint  PCR  protocol  for  identification  of  S.  entérica in  milk  is  presented  using  primer  pairs previously  validated  as  specific  to  the  genus  Salmonella (STM3098-f2/STM3098-r2),  subspecies  entérica (subspecies  I)  (STM4057-f/STM4057-r),  and  serotype  Typhimurium  (STM4497-f/  STM4497-r).  This  protocol allowed  for  detection  of  1  CFU/25  mL  of  spiked  milk  after  a  12  h  pre-enrichment  period  by  means  of  simple  and multiplex  PCR  assay  with  the  three  used  primer  pairs.  The  designed  protocol  can  be  applied  in  sanita ry  survey programs  for  detection  of  S.  entérica in  milk.Debido a la importancia social y económica de las enfermedades gastrointestinales causadas por alimentos contaminados con Salmonella enterica, es necesario contar con sistemas de detección rápidos, sensibles y específicos para la detección oportuna de dicho patógeno. En este trabajo se presenta un protocolo de PCR de punto final para la identificación de S. enterica en leche, que utiliza los pares de iniciadores STM3098-f2/STM3098-r2, STM4057-f/STM4057-r y STM4497-f/STM4497-r previamente validados como específicos del género Salmonella, de la subespecie I y del serotipo Typhimurium, respectivamente. El protocolo presentado permite la detección de 1 UFC/25 ml de leche contaminada artificialmente, con un periodo de pre-enriquecimiento de 12 h, en ensayos de PCR simple y multiplex con los tres pares de iniciadores. El protocolo diseñado puede ser aplicado en sistemas de vigilancia sanitaria para la detección de S. enterica en leche

Necrosis as Programmed Cell Death

The process of cell death is the mechanism through which organisms eliminate useless cells. Hence, it is a normal process that maintains homeostasis. Cell removal can be effectuated by several pathways that involve complex and regulated molecular events specific to each type of cell death. Diverse studies have evidenced different types of cell death: apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. This chapter presents a brief review of the apoptotic and autophagic cell death processes but focuses attention primarily on necrosis because it has previously been considered an accidental and uncontrolled form of cell death. More recent evidence, however, has shown that, under certain circumstances, necrosis is conducted by a controlled program called necroptosis, which is now included as a programmed cell death process

Kinetico-mechanistic studies on substitution reactions on cross-bridged cyclen CoIII complexes with nucleosides and nucleotides

Kinetico-mechanistic studies on the substitution reactivity of the [Co{(μ-ET)cyclen}(H2O)2] 3+ complex cation at pH values within the 6.0-7.0 range with biologically significant ligands have been carried out. The substitution processes have been found to occur exclusively on the mono-hydroxobridged [(Co{(μ-ET)cyclen}(H2O))2(μ-OH)]5+ species formed after equilibration of the cobalt complex in the relevant medium. The studies conducted on the substitution of the aqua/hydroxo ligands of this dinuclear species are indicative of a dominant role of outer-sphere complexation, involving hydrogen-bonding interactions. The values of the outer-sphere complex formation equilibrium constant are in line with the intervention of both the exiting aqua ligands and the NH groups at the encapsulating {(μ-ET)cyclen} ligand. These complexes result in the preferential formation of O- or N-bonded nucleotides depending on the structure of the base moiety of the ligand. Even the entry of the different donor bonded nucleotides is hampered by the hydrogen-bonding interaction with the dangling moiety of an already coordinated ligand. In general the overall substitution processes occur at a faster rate than those published for the fully alkylated encapsulating {(Me)2(μ-ET)cyclen} ligand derivative, as expected for the still available base-catalysing NH groups in the {(μ-ET)cyclen} ligand

Rescue of endemic states in interconnected networks with adaptive coupling

We study the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model of epidemic spreading on two layers of networks interconnected by adaptive links, which are rewired at random to avoid contacts between infected and susceptible nodes at the interlayer. We find that the rewiring reduces the effective connectivity for the transmission of the disease between layers, and may even totally decouple the networks. Weak endemic states, in which the epidemics spreads when the two layers are interconnected but not in each layer separately, show a transition from the endemic to the healthy phase when the rewiring overcomes a threshold value that depends on the infection rate, the strength of the coupling and the mean connectivity of the networks. In the strong endemic scenario, in which the epidemics is able to spread on each separate network -and therefore on the interconnected system- the prevalence in each layer decreases when increasing the rewiring, arriving to single network values only in the limit of infinitely fast rewiring. We also find that rewiring amplifies finite-size effects, preventing the disease transmission between finite networks, as there is a non zero probability that the epidemics stays confined in only one network during its lifetime

Atraer visitantes a barrios antiguos. Creación y gestión de la ciudad turística-histórica de Plymouth, UK

Plymouth is a city of United Kingdom that has considered tourism as a means of development. For this reason, it has created a series of strategies to promote this sector, making this historic city in a place of consumption and sales. It has resulted in a series of impacts that difficult them to turning it into a tourist-historic center. The author studies this particular case and makes us an evolutionary and historical tour of the city offering a comprehensive view of the changes that tourism has generated as well as urban plans that have been drawn to achieve the goal of attracting tourists.Plymouth es una ciudad de Reino Unido que se ha planteado el turismo como un medio de desarrollo. Para ello, ha creado una serie de estrategias dirigidas a fomentar este sector, convirtiendo así esta ciudad histórica en un lugar de consumo y venta. Esto ha traído como consecuencia una serie de impactos que le cuesta asumir ante la idea de convertirlo en un centro turístico-histórico. El autor aporta el estudio de este caso particular y nos hace un recorrido evolutivo e histórico de esta ciudad, ofreciéndonos una visión integral de los cambios que el turismo ha generado y los planes urbanísticos que se han trazado para lograr el objetivo de atraer turistas

Sacrificio y ciudad.: Notas sobre la formación humana en las urbes

El escrito tiene como principal propósito reflexionar en torno a las relaciones que pudiese haber entre sacrificio y ciudad. Para ello nos centramos en lo más elemental de lo que uno y otra pueden significar. La principal pregunta que guía esta reflexión es ¿qué elementos del sacrificio pueden encontrarse en lo que llamamos ciudad? No se retende hacer un análisis exhaustivo de estas nociones tan profundas y complejas, sino que partiremos de los significados más primarios, desde Durkheim, Mauss y Simmel, para centrar nuestra atención en sus vínculos. Al final nos preguntamos ¿es posible el espíritu del Don en el espacio urbano donde impera la economía monetaria? Asumimos que la profanación del vínculo y del espíritu del Don de nada es inevitable en las urbes, sin embargo, en el dar, recibir y devolver habita la nada como el espíritu del Don, y esta es la sangre que no se está dispuesto a pagar aunque simulemos que se otorga en las cosas que intercambiamos

Biphasic toxicodynamic features of some antimicrobial agents on microbial growth: a dynamic mathematical model and its implications on hormesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the present work, we describe a group of anomalous dose-response (DR) profiles and develop a dynamic model that is able to explain them. Responses were obtained from conventional assays of three antimicrobial agents (nisin, pediocin and phenol) against two microorganisms (<it>Carnobacterium piscicola </it>and <it>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</it>).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Some of these anomalous profiles show biphasic trends which are usually attributed to hormetic responses. But they can also be explained as the result of the time-course of the response from a microbial population with a bimodal distribution of sensitivity to an effector, and there is evidence suggesting this last origin. In light of interest in the hormetic phenomenology and the possibility of confusing it with other phenomena, especially in the bioassay of complex materials we try to define some criteria which allow us to distinguish between <it>sensu stricto </it>hormesis and biphasic responses due to other causes. Finally, we discuss some problems concerning the metric of the dose in connection with the exposure time, and we make a cautionary suggestion about the use of bacteriocins as antimicrobial agents.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The mathematical model proposed, which combines the basis of DR theory with microbial growth kinetics, can generate and explain all types of anomalous experimental profiles. These profiles could also be described in a simpler way by means of bisigmoidal equations. Such equations could be successfully used in a microbiology and toxicology context to discriminate between hormesis and other biphasic phenomena.</p