63 research outputs found

    Burnout: Evaluación y estudio de la simulación

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    En el mundo laboral, las nuevas exigencias del trabajo, así como el desajuste entre los requisitos delpuesto de trabajo en las organizaciones y el mayor o menor rendimiento de cada sujeto, han originado laaparición de nuevos riesgos psicosociales, entre los que se encuentra el Síndrome de Burnout tambiénconocido como “el síndrome de estar quemado en el trabajo”. En el presente trabajo, se analiza la capacidadde una muestra de 50 personas para simular el padecimiento de burnout. El estudio se lleva a cabo medianteun cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) en dos momentos diferentes; una primera vez en lacondición de realidad de cada participante y una segunda en una condición de simulación de sufrimiento delpropio síndrome de burnout. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes fueron capaces de simular elburnout.<br /

    Psychosocial Resources for Hedonic Balance, Life Satisfaction and Happiness in the Elderly: A Path Analysis

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    This research was partially supported with the financial aid conceded to the "Psicologia de la Salud/Medicina Conductual" Research Group (CTS-267) by the Junta de Andalucia (Spain).We explored possible paths from physical and mental health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, optimism, and social support to happiness in older adults, considering hedonic balance and life satisfaction as mediators. A total of 154 Spanish male and female (50%) older adults (65–96 years old, M = 77.44, SD = 8.03; 64% noninstitutionalized elderly) voluntarily participated in this correlational, cross-sectional study. The participants completed self-reports on their perceived health status, self-efficacy, social support, optimism, and global subjective well-being (SWB) as well as its dimensions. Path analysis was used to examine direct and indirect relationships. The final model had an excellent fit with the data (χ2(10) = 11.837, p = 0.296, χ2/df = 1.184; SRMR = 0.050, CFI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.035), revealing the unique causal effects of all the included predictors on happiness. With the exception of self-efficacy, the psychosocial resources predicted older adults’ current happiness, and this relationship was fully mediated by hedonic balance and life satisfaction, which were found to be putative intermediary factors for SWB. Self-efficacy in turn predicted the remaining psychosocial resources. Our findings extend the existing evidence on the influences of health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, optimism, and social support on SWB. Furthermore, they support the proposal of hedonic balance and life satisfaction as dimensions of SWB, thus supporting the tripartite hierarchical model of happiness. These results may inform future interventions seeking to improve happiness in late adulthoodJunta de Andalucía CTS-26

    Optimism and social support moderate the indirect relationship between selfefficacy and happiness through mental health in the elderly

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    The authors are grateful to all the participants who made this study possible.We examined the role of self-efficacy, social support, optimism, and mental health in the prediction of happiness in the elderly. Moderated mediation analyses confirmed a full mediation in which self-efficacy, through perceived mental health and moderated by social support, predicts happiness moderated, in turn, by optimism. When an elder is self-efficacious, his or her mental well-being seems more likely to be improved and translated into enhanced happiness when social support and optimism are moderate to high. We provide preliminary results on the interplay of these psychosocial resources in improving subjective well-being that may help in designing tailored interventions for promoting happiness in late adulthood

    La doble piel de la arquitectura Maya: el estuco y el color

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    Maya architecture was one of the most widely employed backdrops for the colour, and this application extended over a continuous period from the Mid-Preclassic period to the end of the Late Postclassic. The principal buildings of the Maya Lowlands were covered with stucco layers and painted with a rich colour palette that included pigments and colorants, and its archaeometric study offers important information on lime technology and colour technology between ancient Maya. On the other hand, these studies are necessaries for the conservation and restoration of Maya architecture and its polychrome decoration. Some of the analytical techniques more employed in these studies are Optical Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electronic Microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) or Chromatographic Techniques (GC/MS; Pyr-GC/MS; HLPC)

    La rúbrica de evaluación de la competencia en expresión escrita. Percepción del alumnado sobre su funcionalidad.

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     This article presents a research in which rubrics’ functionality for the assessment of competence in writing of college students is analyzed. The research is approached from a descriptive and quantitative methodology by means of the elaboration of a questionnaire in which, after performing the statistical tests to verify the reliability of the scale created, the perception of the students is shown in three moments of the writing process (before, during and after). The results show that rubrics are especially beneficial to encourage objectivity, self-assessment and unity of action.   Este artículo presenta una investigación en la que se analiza la funcionalidad de las rúbricas para la evaluación de la competencia en expresión escrita del alumnado universitario. La investigación se afronta desde una metodología descriptiva y cuantitativa mediante la elaboración de un cuestionario en el que, tras realizar las pruebas estadísticas para comprobar la fiabilidad de la escala creada, se muestra la percepción del alumnado en tres momentos (antes, durante y después) del proceso de escritura. Los resultados muestran que las rúbricas son especialmente beneficiosas para fomentar la objetividad, la autoevaluación y unidad de acción.

    Neuroimaging reveals distinct brain glucose metabolism patterns associated with morphine consumption in Lewis and Fischer 344 rat strains.

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    Vulnerability to addiction may be given by the individual's risk of developing an addiction during their lifetime. A challenge in the neurobiology of drug addiction is understanding why some people become addicted to drugs. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to evaluate changes in brain glucose metabolism in response to chronic morphine self-administration (MSA) in two rat strains with different vulnerability to drug abuse, Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344). Four groups of animals were trained to self-administer morphine or saline for 15 days. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-PET studies were performed on the last day of MSA (acquisition phase) and after 15 days of withdrawal. PET data were analyzed using SPM12. LEW-animals self-administered more morphine injections per session than F344-animals. We found significant brain metabolic differences between LEW and F344 strains in the cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. In addition, the different brain metabolic patterns observed after the MSA study between these rat strains indicate differences in the efficiency of neural substrates to translate the drug effects, which could explain the differences in predisposition to morphine abuse between one individual and another. These findings have important implications for the use of these rat strains in translational morphine and opiate research.MLS was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (projects PI17/01766, and grant BA21/00030), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), “A way to make Europe”, CIBERSAM, Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2017/085), Fundación Mapfre, and Fundación Alicia Koplowitz. EA was supported by grants from Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad and Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RTA-RD16/020/0022), Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2016I073), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PSI2016-80541-P), UNED (Plan de Promoción de la Investigación 2018–2020), and the European Union´s Justice Programme – Drugs Policy Initiatives (JUST-2017-AG-DRUGS- 806996-JUSTSO). NLR was supported by Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, "Programa Intramural de Impulso a la I + D + I 2019″. MD work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and Insituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PT20/00044). The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN), and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV‐2015‐0505).S

    LA ADQUISICIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS PROFESIONALES A TRAVÉS DEL APRENDIZAJE SERVICIO DEL ALUMNADO DEL GRADO EN EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL

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    Esta experiencia plantea la potencialidad del Aprendizaje Servicio como metodología que favorece el desarrollo de competencias profesionales en el alumnado del Grado en Educación Infantil del Centro Universitario SAFA (adscrito a la Universidad de Jaén). Se han elaborado materiales y recursos TIC basándose en el planteamiento del Diseño Universal de Aprendizaje que han posibilitado llevar a cabo una educación inclusiva con niños y niñas de infantil haciendo accesible el currículo a todos y todas. Los objetivos que se plantean hacen referencia a la comprensión de la educación inclusiva en contextos reales, la búsqueda, selección y elaboración de recursos y materiales TIC desde la perspectiva del DUA así como potenciar la reflexión sobre el papel de las TEP para potenciar la educación inclusiva en las aulas de infantil. Las prácticas de ApS han permitido conocer el contexto real para poder ajustar los materiales y recursos a las necesidades del alumnado. El e-portafolio nos ha permitido evaluar los aprendizajes de los estudiantes de Magisterio implicados. En conclusión, se pone de manifiesto que la metodología de ApS favorece la educación inclusiva utilizando los recursos TIC para romper las barreras y ofrecer la oportunidad de aprender a todo el alumnado.This experience raises the potential of Service-Learning as a methodology that favors the development of professional skills in the students of the Degree in Early Childhood Education at SAFA University Center (dependent on the University of Jaén). ICT materials and resources have been developed following Universal Design for Learning which promotes an inclusive education making the curriculum accessible to all. The objectives refer to the understanding of inclusive education in real contexts, the search, selection and development of ICT resources and materials following the UDL perspective, as well as promoting reflection on the role of TEPs to promote inclusive education in preschool classrooms. ApS practices have allowed us to get in touch with the real educational context to be able to adjust the materials and resources to students’ needs. The e-portfolio has allowed us to evaluate the learning of prospect teachers involved. In conclusion, it is shown that the SL methodology favors inclusive education using ICT resources to break down barriers and offer the opportunity to learn to all students

    Competencia informacional

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    Guía de la Competencia Informacional como competencia transversal de la Universidad de Almería. Se define a la competencia informacional, se marcan sus objetivos y los resultados de su aprendizaj

    Uso de la reelina como biomarcador de enfermedades intestinales

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    La reelina puede ser utilizada como un único biomarcador en el diagnóstico e identificación de diferentes patologías intestinales y como biomarcador de la transición desde una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal hasta tumorogénesis. Los inventores han demostrado que, en respuesta a un daño tisular, como la inflamación, el intestino responde aumentando la expresión de reelina para reforzar la barrera intestinal y facilitar la reparación tisular. Si la inflamación progresa, se establecen las condiciones que reducen o suprimen la expresión de reelina, donde dicha ausencia favorece la formación de un microambiente desfavorable que agravaría la inflamación y/o induciría la tumorogénesis.Españ

    Las emociones en la enseñanza de las ciencias

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    En la primera parte del artículo, se incide en la importancia del estudio de las emociones desde la didáctica de las ciencias, así como en la necesidad de establecer programas de intervención metacognitivos y metaemocionales, tanto en el aprendizaje como en la formación del profesorado, para que alumnos y profesores puedan conocer sus emociones, controlarlas y autorregularlas. En la segunda parte, nos centramos en las emociones en el conocimiento didáctico del contenido del profesorado de ciencias, incluyendo algunos resultados tanto del diagnóstico emocional del profesorado, según distintas variables, como del programa de intervención de la Universidad de Extremadura.The first part of this communication highlights the importance of studying emotions in the context of science teaching. It also examines the need for programs of meta-emotional and metacognitive intervention in learning and teacher education that are aimed at both the future teachers'and their pupils' gaining awareness of, and then controlling and self-regulating, their emotions. The second part focuses on the role emotions play in science teachers' pædagogical content knowledge, with the presentation of some results concerning the University of Extremadura's intervention program and the emotional diagnosis of teachers.En la primera part de l'article, s'incideix en la importància de l'estudi de les emocions des de la didàctica de les ciències, així com en la necessitat d'establir programes d'intervenció metacognitivos i metaemocionales, tant en l'aprenentatge com en la formació del professorat, perquè alumnes i professors puguin conèixer les seves emocions, controlar-les i autorregularlas. En la segona part, ens centrem en les emocions en el coneixement didàctic del contingut del professorat de ciències, incloent alguns resultats tant del diagnòstic emocional del professorat, segons diferents variables, com del programa d'intervenció de la Universitat d'Extremadura
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