Extended-Household as a Co-Residence Strategy: The Case Of Santiago De Chile

Extended- household, as a social phenomenon, depends on the value of relationships of support and dependence among the members of a community. When this collaborative relationship occurs between residents of the same dwelling, it is then understood as a situation of co-residence. In the case of Santiago de Chile, the Extended - household phenomenon has increased by 610%. Data shows that families prefer to sacrifice conditions of habitability, privacy and security to maintain networks of support, location and access to urban goods, rather than migrating to the periphery as homeowners. It is urgent to generate mechanisms that recognize the needs and preferences of those who make up this “chronic” housing deficit, which is shown today as a form of fragile resistance to socio-spatial segregation

La infección con fitoplasmas altera los rasgos morfo-anatómicos y fisiológicos de Ugni molinae Turcz

The “murtilla” (Ugni molinae Turcz., Myrtaceae), present in Contulmo Natural Monument (Araucanía Region, Chile), is affected by witches’ broom disease, caused by the presence of a phytoplasma in the sieve tubes of the phloem. This phytoplasma affects plants morphoanatomically, producing evident symptoms. Infected branches show reddening of leaves and general dwarfism. In the present study, we compared morphoanatomically and physiologically branches (modules) of murtilla with and without symptoms of witches’ broom disease. This was done in order to quantitatively evaluate the actual effect of the infection on adult plants. We cut branches of similar age, with and without symptoms, where we measured fluorescence, chlorophyll content, specific leaf area, stem size, pith size, and vessel size and number. We also measured fruit traits in symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. We did not found differences in the Fv/Fm (maximun efficiency of the PSII) and total chlorophyll content between symptomatic and asymptomatic modules. However, symptomatic modules had lower pith area, vessel size, and leaf area, and dry weight than asymptomatic modules. Infected plants also had less fruits per plant and with less total soluble solutes (TSS) in the fruits compared to healthy plants, although average individual fruit weight was similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. Witches’ broom disease affects the anatomy, morphology, and quality and quantity of fruits of murtilla plants. However, the disease does not seem to affect some physiological parameters. The murtilla in Chile has high economical potential as an edible fruit and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Future studies should focus on the vector of the disease and the possible effects of the infection on other commercially-relevant traits.La murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz., Myrtaceae), presente en el Monumento Natural Contulmo (Región de la Araucanía, Chile), se encuentra afectada por la enfermedad “escoba de bruja”, causada por la presencia de un fitoplasma en los tubos cribosos del floema. Este fitoplasma afecta morfoanatómicamente a las plantas, produciendo síntomas apreciables a simple vista. Las ramas afectadas presentan enrojecimiento de las hojas y enanismo generalizado. En este estudio se compararon morfoanatómica y fisiológicamente ramas de murtilla (módulos) con y sin síntomas de la enfermedad escoba de bruja. Esto con el objetivo de evaluar cuantitativamente el efecto real de la infección en plantas adultas. Se extrajeron ramas de edad similar, con y sin sintomatología, donde se evaluaron parámetros de fluorescencia, contenido de clorofila, área foliar específica, tamaño de tallos, área de médula del tallo y tamaño y número de vasos. Además se evaluaron las características de los frutos de plantas sintomáticas y asintomáticas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el Fv/Fm (eficiencia máxima del PSII) y contenido total de clorofilas entre módulos asintomáticos y sintomáticos. Sin embargo, los módulos sintomáticos presentan menor área de medula, tamaño de vasos, área foliar y peso seco que módulos asintomáticos. Las plantas enfermas, además, presentaron menos frutos por planta y con menos sólidos solubles totales (SST) que las plantas sanas, aunque el peso individual promedio de los frutos no varió entre plantas con y sin síntomas. La enfermedad escoba de bruja afecta la anatomía y morfología de las plantas de murtilla y la calidad y cantidad de los frutos, sin embargo, la enfermedad no parece afectar algunos parámetros fisiológicos. La murtilla en Chile tiene un alto potencial económico como alimento y en la industria cosmética y farmacéutica, por lo que futuros estudios debiesen considerar el vector de transmisión y los efectos que podría producir esta enfermedad en otras características de interés comercial

Gestión de la seguridad y salud ocupacional para aumentar la satisfacción laboral en la empresa Eventual Servis, 2020

La investigación tuvo como meta, poner en evidencia que el desarrollo de un plan de gestión seguridad y salud ocupacional aumenta la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores en la empresa Eventual Servis. Tipo de investigación aplicada, descriptiva, diseño pre experimental con pre prueba y post test a un solo grupo de estudio, en una población de 24 colaboradores. Las conclusiones es que, el 50% de los trabajadores de la empresa Eventual Servis manifiestan que el plan de seguridad y salud en el trabajo se encuentra en un nivel regular, el 20,8% en u nivel pobre y el 20,8% manifiestan que no se aplica el SGSST. Es decir, el 41.7% considera que se halla en tienen un nivel pobre, logrando impactar negativamente en el lugar de trabajo. El 54.2% de los trabajadores refieren, que la dimensión compromiso e involucramiento del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo está en un nivel pobre, el 25% refieren en nivel regular y el 20,8% manifiestan que no se aplica. Es decir, tienen un nivel de pobre a no cumplimiento (75%), lo cual da a conocer que, se halla en el intervalo de rango muy bajo, impactando de manera negativa en el logro de los KPI´s de la empresa. Por lo que se recomienda contratar personal externo especializado en SSO por un lapso de seis meses para asegurar una implementación exitosa, esta puede mantenerse a través de un plan anual mucho mejor estructurado y de largo plazo.TesisInfraestructura, Tecnología y Medio Ambient

Implementación de un sistema de recepción satelital para el riego automatizado de uso agrícola basado sobre SDR.

Se desarrolló una estimación de la necesidad hídrica de los cultivos, a partir de la información obtenida por el satélite meteorológico de la Administración Nacional Oceánica y Atmosférica (NOAA). El proyecto se ejecutó en la estación experimental Tunshi perteneciente a la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, la cual no contaba con un sistema de riego asistido por imágenes satelitales, para lo cual se propone uno, a través del análisis y decodificación de la señal en formato imagen, adquirida desde los satélites meteorológicos para su posterior almacenamiento y publicación, con ello se establece las necesidades hídricas de la plantación para la implementación del sistema automatizado de irrigación controlado desde aplicaciones Android. Para mejorar el tiempo de seguimiento al satélite se diseñó un sistema de control de posicionamiento automático para la antena Double Cross, basado en la adquisición de información de la cobertura del satélite y las predicciones, para lo cual se establece un control de los ángulos de azimut y elevación controlados con arduino mediante una brújula digital. Se implementó motores paso a paso y un diseño de engranajes impresos en 3D para la ubicación en tiempo real de la antena satelital. Se estableció un incremento del 44.4% del tiempo de recepción del satélite al implementar el sistema de posicionamiento. Los resultados indicaron que, al utilizar el cultivo de maíz como cultivo de referencia, se generó un porcentaje de variación entre el valor estimado y el observado del 5 al 10% por lo cual las imágenes APT del NOAA 18 son válidas para el análisis de evapotranspiración, pero a nivel Regional. Se recomienda para trabajos futuros utilizar satélites con mayor resolución espacial.An estimate of water needs in crops was developed, based on the information obtained by the meteorological satellite of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The project was executed in the Tunshi experimental station belonging to the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, which did not have an irrigation system assisted by satellite images, therefore one is proposed; this, through the analysis and decoding of the signal in image format acquired from meteorological satellites for its later storage and publication, thus establish the wáter needs of the plantation for the implementation of the automated irrigation sistema controlled from Android applications. To improve the satellite tracking time, an automatic positioning control system was designed for the Double Cross antenna, based on the acquisition of satellite coverage information and predictions, for which a control of the azimuth angles is established and elevation controlled with Arduino using a digital compass. Step-by-step motors and a design of 3d printed gears were implemented for the real-time location of the satellite antenna. An increase of 44.44% in the satellite reception time was established when implementing the positioning system. The results indicated that, when using the corn crop as reference, it was generated a percentage variation from 5 to 10% between the estimated and the observed value, therefore the APT images of the NOAA 18 are valid for the evapotranspiration analysis, but at the Regional level. It is recommended for future work to use satellites with higher spatial resolution

Channelling carbon flux through the meta-cleavage route for improved poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) production from benzoate and lignin-based aromatics in Pseudomonas putida H

Lignin-based aromatics are attractive raw materials to derive medium-chain length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHAs), biodegradable polymers of commercial value. So far, this conversion has exclusively used the ortho-cleavage route of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which results in the secretion of toxic intermediates and limited performance. Pseudomonas putida H exhibits the ortho- and the meta-cleavage pathways where the latter appears promising because it stoichiometrically yields higher levels of acetyl-CoA. Here, we created a double-mutant H-ΔcatAΔA2 that utilizes the meta route exclusively and synthesized 30% more PHA on benzoate than the parental strain but suffered from catechol accumulation. The single deletion of the catA2 gene in the H strain provoked a slight attenuation on the enzymatic capacity of the ortho route (25%) and activation of the meta route by nearly 8-fold, producing twice as much mcl-PHAs compared to the wild type. Inline, the mutant H-ΔcatA2 showed a 2-fold increase in the intracellular malonyl-CoA abundance – the main precursor for mcl-PHAs synthesis. As inferred from flux simulation and enzyme activity assays, the superior performance of H-ΔcatA2 benefited from reduced flux through the TCA cycle and malic enzyme and diminished by-product formation. In a benzoate-based fed-batch, P. putida H-ΔcatA2 achieved a PHA titre of 6.1 g l–1 and a volumetric productivity of 1.8 g l–1 day–1. Using Kraft lignin hydrolysate as feedstock, the engineered strain formed 1.4 g l- 1 PHA. The balancing of carbon flux between the parallel catechol-degrading routes emerges as an important strategy to prevent intermediate accumulation and elevate mcl-PHA production in P. putida H and, as shown here, sets the next level to derive this sustainable biopolymer from lignin hydrolysates and aromatics

Investigating the complex X-ray spectrum of a broad-line 2MASS red quasar: XMM-Newton observation of FTM 0830+3759

We report results from a 50 ks XMM-Newton observation of the dust-reddened broad-line quasar FTM 0830+3759 (z=0.413) selected from the FIRST/2MASS Red Quasar survey. For this AGN, a very short 9 ks Chandra exposure had suggested a feature-rich X-ray spectrum and HST images revealed a very disturbed host galaxy morphology. Contrary to classical, optically-selected quasars, the X-ray properties of red (i.e. with J-Ks> 1.7 and R-Ks> 4) broad line quasars are still quite unexplored, although there is a growing consensus that, due to moderate obscuration, these objects can offer a unique view of spectral components typically swamped by the AGN light in normal, blue quasars. The XMM-Newton observation discussed here has definitely confirmed the complexity of the X-ray spectrum revealing the presence of a cold (or mildly-ionized) absorber with Nh ~10^{22} cm^-2 along the line of sight to the nucleus and a Compton reflection component accompanied by an intense Fe K emission line in this quasar with a Lum(2-10) ~5 x 10^{44} erg/s. A soft-excess component is also required by the data. The match between the column density derived by our spectral analysis and that expected on the basis of reddening due to the dust suggests the possibility that both absorptions occur in the same medium. FTM 0830+3759 is characterized by an extinction/absorption-corrected X-ray-to-optical flux ratio alphaox = -2.3, that is steeper than expected on the basis of its UV luminosity. These findings indicate that the X-ray properties of FTM 0830+3759 differs from those typically observed for optically-selected broad line quasars with comparable hard X-ray luminosity.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Gemini multi-conjugate adaptive optics system review II: Commissioning, operation and overall performance

The Gemini Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics System - GeMS, a facility instrument mounted on the Gemini South telescope, delivers a uniform, near diffraction limited images at near infrared wavelengths (0.95 microns- 2.5 microns) over a field of view of 120 arc seconds. GeMS is the first sodium layer based multi laser guide star adaptive optics system used in astronomy. It uses five laser guide stars distributed on a 60 arc seconds square constellation to measure for atmospheric distortions and two deformable mirrors to compensate for it. In this paper, the second devoted to describe the GeMS project, we present the commissioning, overall performance and operational scheme of GeMS. Performance of each sub-system is derived from the commissioning results. The typical image quality, expressed in full with half maximum, Strehl ratios and variations over the field delivered by the system are then described. A discussion of the main contributor to performance limitation is carried-out. Finally, overheads and future system upgrades are described.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Formación ciudadana y participación política en jóvenes de la Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile

Los resultados de este artículo son producto de una investigación mayor sobre participación política. En él se analizan los discursos de jóvenes universitarios respecto de la formación ciudadana recibida en la escuela, en su vínculo con la participación política. Se realizaron tres focus group con estudiantes de primer año de carreras de la Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile. Los resultados apuntan que la visión de los jóvenes sobre la formación recibida es más bien crítica. Por un lado, se identifica la necesidad de una formación ciudadana, que permite abordar la complejidad de la actividad política. Por otro, se constata que la formación escolar no responde a esta necesidad, puesto que se califica como deficiente y sesgada. Para los estudiantes, la educación debe asumir un rol politizador, entregando insumos para incidir en el cambio social. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.28

La educación psicomotriz en tiempos de pandemia

The teaching of psychomotricity is one of the most important areas within the early ages. A correct implementation manages to develop children with motor, cognitive, social and emotional integrity, so that, in the future, they can function in society without problems. The main objective of this research is to analyze the perception of knowledge, real knowledge and how the teaching of psychomotricity was carried out during the pandemic. A shared mixed survey was carried out with Physical Education teachers and Preschool Educators and with students of these careers who are doing internships. Identifying a low level in the implementation of psychomotricity during the pandemic, thus concluding the weak knowledge about this discipline.La enseñanza de la psicomotricidad es una de las áreas de mayor importancia dentro de las edades tempranas. Una correcta implementación logra desarrollar a los niños motriz, cognitiva, social y emocionalmente íntegros, con el fin de que, en un futuro, estos puedan desenvolverse en la sociedad sin problemas. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar la percepción del conocimiento, el conocimiento real y de qué forma se llevó a cabo la enseñanza de la psicomotricidad durante la pandemia. Se realizó una encuesta mixta compartida con profesores de Educación Física y educadoras de Párvulo y con estudiantes de estas carreras que se encuentren realizando prácticas, identificando un bajo nivel en la implementación de la psicomotricidad durante la pandemia y concluyendo con ello el débil conocimiento sobre esta disciplina

A Highly Magnified Gravitationally Lensed Red QSO at z = 2.5 with a Significant Flux Ratio Anomaly

We present the discovery of a gravitationally lensed dust-reddened QSO at z = 2.517, identified in a survey for QSOs by infrared selection. Hubble Space Telescope imaging reveals a quadruply lensed system in a cusp configuration, with a maximum image separation of ~1.8\arcsec. We find that compared to the central image of the cusp, the neighboring brightest image is anomalous by a factor of ~ 7 - 10, which is the largest flux anomaly measured to date in a lensed QSO. Incorporating high-resolution Jansky Very Large Array radio imaging and sub-mm imaging with the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimetre Array, we conclude that a low-mass perturber is the most likely explanation for the anomaly. The optical through near-infrared spectrum reveals that the QSO is moderately reddened with E(B - V) = 0.7 - 0.9. We see an upturn in the ultraviolet spectrum due to ~ 1% of the intrinsic emission being leaked back into the line of sight, which suggests that the reddening is intrinsic and not due to the lens. The QSO may have an Eddington ratio as high as L/L_Edd ~ 0.2. Consistent with previous red QSO samples, this source exhibits outflows in its spectrum as well as morphological properties suggestive of it being in a merger-driven transitional phase. We find a host-galaxy stellar mass of log M_*/M_Sun = 11.4, which is higher than the local M_BH vs. M_* relation, but consistent with other high redshift QSOs. When de-magnified, this QSO is at the knee of the luminosity function, allowing for the detailed study of a more typical moderate-luminosity infrared-selected QSO at high redshift.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 29 pages, 18 figures, 8 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1807.0543