Publisher Correction: Genetic tool development in marine protists: emerging model organisms for experimental cell biology.

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Genetic tool development in marine protists: emerging model organisms for experimental cell biology

Abstract: Diverse microbial ecosystems underpin life in the sea. Among these microbes are many unicellular eukaryotes that span the diversity of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genetic tractability has been limited to a few species, which do not represent eukaryotic diversity or environmentally relevant taxa. Here, we report on the development of genetic tools in a range of protists primarily from marine environments. We present evidence for foreign DNA delivery and expression in 13 species never before transformed and for advancement of tools for eight other species, as well as potential reasons for why transformation of yet another 17 species tested was not achieved. Our resource in genetic manipulation will provide insights into the ancestral eukaryotic lifeforms, general eukaryote cell biology, protein diversification and the evolution of cellular pathways

Genetic tool development in marine protists: emerging model organisms for experimental cell biology

Abstract: Diverse microbial ecosystems underpin life in the sea. Among these microbes are many unicellular eukaryotes that span the diversity of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genetic tractability has been limited to a few species, which do not represent eukaryotic diversity or environmentally relevant taxa. Here, we report on the development of genetic tools in a range of protists primarily from marine environments. We present evidence for foreign DNA delivery and expression in 13 species never before transformed and for advancement of tools for eight other species, as well as potential reasons for why transformation of yet another 17 species tested was not achieved. Our resource in genetic manipulation will provide insights into the ancestral eukaryotic lifeforms, general eukaryote cell biology, protein diversification and the evolution of cellular pathways

Concept of the storage process for component in assembly production lines of I4.0

V zaključni nalogi ja predstavljena idejna zasnova zalogovnika, ki temelji na smernicah Industrije 4.0. Glavna naloga zalogovnika je skladiščenje, razporejanje in strega sestavnih delov, podsestavov in izdelkov. V zalogovniku je možno imeti več različnih delov, ki so enoznačno popisani s sodobnimi tehnologijami kot je RFID. V prvem delu zaključne naloge je pregledana obstoječa literatura in koncepti zalogovnikov. V sklopu teoretičnih izhodišč smo podrobneje popisali možnosti urejanja in strege palet ter zaznavanje in sledenje paletam ali izdelkom. Pogledali smo tudi pogone za snovanje manipulatorske postaje znotraj zalogovnika. V nadaljevanju smo na podlagi teoretičnih izhodišč in idejnih zasnov zasnovali končni zalogovnik, ga ovrednotili s stališča zagotavljanja funkcionalnosti ter podrobneje popisali delovanje.Thesis presents the conceptual design of the warehouse, which is based on the guidelines of Industry 4.0. The main function of the warehouse is to store, distribute and handle the components, subassemblies and final products. It is possible to store several different parts, which are uniquely enumerated with modern technologies such as RFID. In the first part of the document, the existing literature and concepts of the warehouse are examined. Within the framework of theoretical background, the possibilities of different distribution and handling of the pallets are analysed in detail, as well as the perception and tracking of the pallets and products. We also looked at the drives for designing an appropriate manipulator used in the warehouse. Further on the final concept of the warehouse is designed, which is described in detail and evaluated in terms of providing the functionality

Patient-derived tumor organoids mimic treatment-induced DNA damage response in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, characterized by resistance to therapy. Despite aggressive treatment options, GB remains an incurable disease. Invasiveness and heterogeneity are key GB features that cannot be studied in preclinical in vitro models. In this study, we investigated the effects of standard therapy using patient-derived GB organoids (GBOs). GBOs reflect the complexity and heterogeneity of the original tumor tissue. No significant effect on GBO viability or invasion was observed after irradiation and temozolomide treatment. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (MDM2), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), and the serine/threonine kinases ATM and ATR were upregulated at the gene and protein levels after treatment. Our results show that the p53 pathway and DNA-damage response mechanisms were triggered, suggesting that GBOs recapitulate GB therapy resistance. GBOs thus provide a highly efficient platform to assess the specific responses of GB patients to therapy and to further explore therapy resistance

Odpornost glioblastoma na radioterapijo : vpliv rakavih matičnih celic in mikroo[ko]lja tumorja

Glioblastom je najpogostejši možganski tumor pri odraslih z zelo slabo prognozo preživetja bolnikov. Ta je posledica odpornosti glioblastoma na standardno zdravljenje, ki vključuje radioterapijo in kemoterapijo. Z namenom načrtovanja učinkovitejših pristopov zdravljenja preučujemo biološke mehanizme odpornosti glioblastoma na radioterapijo s poudarkom na mikrookolju tumorja in rakavih matičnih celicah. V predkliničnih raziskavah uporabljamo napredne in personalizirane celične modele, ki posnemajo mikrookolje tumorja v bolnikih in z večjo natančnostjo napovedo odziv bolnika na zdravljenje. Hkrati so takšni modeli pomembni za testiranje novih pristopov za zdravljenje kot je imunoterapija

CCR5-mediated signaling is involved in invasion of glioblastoma cells in its microenvironment

The chemokine CCL5/RANTES is a versatile inflammatory mediator, which interacts with the receptor CCR5, promoting cancer cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Glioblastoma is a highly invasive tumor, in which CCL5 expression correlates with shorter patient survival. Using immunohistochemistry, we identified CCL5 and CCR5 in a series of glioblastoma samples and cells, including glioblastoma stem cells. CCL5 and CCR5 gene expression were significantly higher in a cohort of 38 glioblastoma samples, compared to low-grade glioma and non-cancerous tissues. The in vitro invasion of patients-derived primary glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma stem cells was dependent on CCL5-induced CCR5 signaling and is strongly inhibited by the small molecule CCR5 antagonist maraviroc. Invasion of these cells, which was enhanced when co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), was inhibited by maraviroc, suggesting that MSCs release CCR5 ligands. In support of this model, we detected CCL5 and CCR5 in MSC monocultures and glioblastoma-associated MSC in tissue sections. We also found CCR5 expressing macrophages were in close proximity to glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, autocrine and paracrine cross-talk in glioblastoma and, in particular, glioblastoma stem cells with its stromal microenvironment, involves CCR5 and CCL5, contributing to glioblastoma invasion, suggesting the CCL5/CCR5 axis as a potential therapeutic target that can be targeted with repositioned drug maraviroc