Modeling the Eberhard inequality based tests

Last year the first experimental tests closing the detection loophole (also referred to as the fair sampling loophole) were performed by two experimental groups \cite{Zeilinger}, \cite{Kwiat}. To violate Bell-type inequalities (the Eberhard inequality in the first test and the Clauser-Horne inequality in the second test), one has to optimize a number of parameters involved in the experiment (angles of polarization beam splitters and quantum state parameters). Although these are technicalities, their optimal determination plays an important role in approaching statistically significant violations of the inequalities. In this paper we study this problem for the Eberhard inequality in very detail by using the advanced method of numerical optimization, the Nelder-Mead method. First of all, we improve the the results of optimization for the original Eberhard model \cite{Eberhard} and the Gustina et al. work \cite{Zeilinger} ("Vienna-13 experiment") by using the model of this experiment presented in Kofler et al. \cite{Zeilinger1}. We also take into account the well known fact that detectors can have different efficiencies and perform the corresponding optimization. In previous studies the objective function had the meaning of the mathematical expectation. However, it is also useful to investigate the possible level of variability of the results, expressed in terms of standard deviation. In this paper we consider the optimization of parameters for the Eberhard inequality using coefficient of variation taking into account possible random fluctuations in the setup of angles during the experiment

Industrial and intellectual capital clusters in the Baltic states

Various recent developments, eg the 'new economic geography' as exemplified by say, Krugman, P. (1991) or work originating in the business literature (Porter 1998), point to industrial and intellectual capital clusters as key factors associated with economic development. Indeed recent evidence suggests that multiple clustering leads to higher regional economic development. This leads to the idea that clusters should be encouraged as for example in the Latvian context in Phare (2001), an idea that is explicitly supported by theoretical argument in Norman and Venables (2001). In this paper we explore and describe the geographic concentration of production and human resources in the three Baltic States and attempt to identify its determinants. In particular, we address the issues of industrial and human resource base restructuring in the Baltic States. For the investigation of the regions or districts of the Baltic countries and their industries a variety of statistical methods and measures are used, including cluster analysis and the location quotient method, which may be used to measure the concentration and importance of an economic activity in cluster regions relative to other selected territories. Work is in progress but the aim is to reveal the pattern and dynamics of industrial and intellectual clusters in the Baltic states since independence. Casual evidence suggests that economic activity is less concentrated in Lithuania than in either Latvia or Estonia. The paper seeks to establish more formally whether there are indeed significant differences between the three Baltic countries with respect to i) the extent of cluster formation in general, ii) differences in the extent to which clusters have emerged in particular industries, and iii) how these have changed over time. The territorial units of analysis employed in the research are counties in Lithuania and Estonia (10 and 15 respectively) and in Latvia districts (26 of them). The descriptive part of the paper develops the work of Francis (2000) and Rivza and Stokmane (2000). Having calculated the descriptive statistics the paper combines several theoretical approaches to measure and evaluate clusters. In particular we modify Davis and Weinstein (1998) model to apply it to the case of the Baltic States. Davis, D.R. and D.E. Weinstein (1998) "Market Access, Economic Geography, and Comparative Advantage: An Empirical Assessment"; NBER Working Paper W6787 Francis, I.(2000),"Basic Analysis of Riga's Economy"; 6th Nordic-Baltic Conference in Regional Science. Riga, Latvia, October 4-7 2000. Reports, pp.111-115 Krugman, P. (1991a) Geography and Trade; Cambridge: MIT Press Norman, V.D. and A.J. Venables (2001) "Industrial Clusters: Equilibrium, Welfare, and Policy"; mimeo, London School of Economics Phare project (2001) Support to Industrial Cluster Restructuring; News Letters, Riga, Latvia Porter, M.E. (1998) "Clusters and the New Economics of Competition"; Harvard Business Review, 76:6 Rivza, B. and I. Stokmane (2000), "Economic and Social Analysis of the Baltic Countries"; 6th Nordic-Baltic conference in Regional Science. Riga, Latvia, October 4-7 2000. Reports, pp.293-296

Fuzzy Model Thermal Image Analysis for Detection Breast Cancer in Women

Fuzzy model thermal image analysis diagnostic information system was described. Input and output linguistic variables of fuzzy model of information system diagnostic of breast cancer in women were characterized. Selection of membership functions was realized. Fuzzy knowledge base was created on the basis of expert statements

XcitED. Event production and event manual for xEdu Oy

This thesis is a product-oriented work that was commissioned by xEdu Oy, a Helsinki based educational technology start-up accelerator company. The primary objective of this work was to improve and optimize the production process of XcitED, an annual EdTech start-up conference organized by commissioning company, by creating an XcitED Manual, a detailed event production guide. The final product, XcitED Manual, was evaluated by the commissioning party and it was stated that they would benefits from this manual to a great extent as having clear guidelines and easy to follow instructions makes production of XcitED easier, resulting in more commercially successful event. The event was planned and implemented withing 4 weeks in Autumn 2019

Understanding abstract algebra concepts

This study discusses various theoretical perspectives on abstract concept formation. Students\u27 reasoning about abstract objects is described based on theoretical proposition that abstraction is a shift from abstract to concrete. Existing literature suggested a theoretical framework for the study. The framework describes process of abstraction through its elements: assembling, theoretical generalization into abstract entity, and articulation. The elements of the theoretical framework are identified from students\u27 interpretations of and manipulations with elementary abstract algebra concepts including the concepts of binary operation, identity and inverse element, group, subgroup, cyclic group. To accomplish this, students participating in the abstract algebra class were observed during one semester. Analysis of interviews conducted with seven students and written artifacts collected from seventeen participants revealed different aspects of students\u27 reasoning about abstract objects. Discussion of the analysis allowed formulating characteristics of processes of abstraction and generalization. The data showed that the students often find it difficult to reason about abstract algebra concepts. They prefer to deal with concrete objects and often are confused if the problem is stated in more general terms. Moreover, number of students based their arguments about a certain object on their understanding of a concrete structure. For example, some students said that if integer 1 does not belong to a given structure then this structure cannot be a group. Also, since abstract algebra concepts are complex structures, participating students repeatedly missed some elements of these structures during problem solving. One of the frequently missed elements was quantification of objects. Students often were confused how to use quantifiers. The study elaborates on these problems and offers theoretical explanations of the difficulties. The explanations, therefore, provide implications for instructions and future research

About the Multi Criteria Ranging Problem in the Fuzzy Environment

Decision making and technical decision analysis demand computer-aided techniques and therefore more and more support by formal techniques. In recent years fuzzy decision analysis and related techniques gained importance as an efficient method for planning and optimization applications in fields like production planning, financial and economical modeling and forecasting or classification. It is also known, that the hierarchical modeling of the situation is one of the most popular modeling method. It is shown, how to use the fuzzy hierarchical model in complex with other methods of Multiple Criteria Decision Making. We propose a novel approach to overcome the inherent limitations of Hierarchical Methods by exploiting multiple criteria decision making

Optimizing the distribution network of perishable products to Small Format Stores

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67).FoodCo is a leading foods company that has reputed brands and global operations with revenues in excess of USD 5Bn. Although FoodCo's sales to Small Format Stores (SFS) customers are a small part of the overall sales, it is a fast growing segment where FoodCo sees future. However, distribution to the SFS channel is a challenge - FoodCo needs to ship refrigerated and frozen products to over 40,000 stores through multiple distributors. Furthermore, such stores are characterized by low sales velocity relative to traditional retailers. The transactional nature of FoodCo's supply chain relationship with channel partners creates challenges for FoodCo in influencing key decisions in the supply chain. To tackle the problem, the authors reviewed the literature and interviewed experts and practitioners to understand best practices in Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) companies across the world serving SFS. Although there were few direct parallels, collaboration was found to be a practice that successful companies employed. The authors also analyzed data including store sales, orders to FoodCo, promotions and supply chain costs, etc. They created a quantitative model that suggested that fees paid out to distributors for their full service are not proportional to the costs. They also concluded that FoodCo's lack of visibility into the sell-through demand made it subject to a strong bullwhip effect, leading to large amounts of inventories and shrinkage. Further, they identified that store sales were scattered geographically and that direct shipments to high selling stores were not possible. Based on the analysis, the authors recommend that FoodCo start collaborating with their channel partners. First, FoodCo could communicate the value of collaboration to its channel partners in order to gain their support. Then, FoodCo and the retailers can share their demand plan with each other, foster collaboration and elevate the manufacturer-retailer relationships to a strategic level. Further, FoodCo could build scale by consolidating volumes through a single re-distributor for channels where the sales volumes are very low.by Sachin Khandekar and Aleksandra Titova.M.Eng.in Logistic