Mechanisms for service-oriented resource allocation in IoT

Albeit several IoT applications have been recently deployed in several fields, including environment and industry monitoring, Smart Home, Smart Hospital and Smart Agriculture, current deployments are mostly host-oriented, which is undoubtedly limiting the attained benefits brought up by IoT. Indeed, future IoT applications shall benefit from service-oriented communications, where the communication establishment between end-points is not dependent on prior knowledge of the host devices in charge of providing the service execution. Rather, an end-user service execution request is mapped into the most suitable resources able to provide the requested service. Furthermore, this model is a key enabler for the design of future services in Smart Cities, e-Health, Intelligent Transportation Systems, among other smart scenarios. Recognized the benefits of this model in future applications, considerable research effort must be devoted for addressing several challenges yet unsolved, such as the ones brought up by the high dynamicity and heterogeneity inherent to these scenarios. In fact, service-oriented communication requires an updated view of available resources, mapping service requests into the most suitable resources taking several constraints and requirements into account, resilience provisioning, QoS-aware service allocation, just to name a few. This thesis aims at proposing and evaluating mechanisms for efficient resource allocation in service-oriented IoT scenarios through the employment of two distinct baseline technologies. In the first approach, the so-called Path Computation Element (PCE), designed to decouple the host-oriented routing function from GMPLS switches in a centralized element, is extended to the service-oriented PCE (S-PCE) architecture, where a service identifier (SID) is used to identify the service required by an end-user. In this approach, the service request is mapped to one or a set of resources by a 2-steps mapping scheme that enables both selection of suitable resources according to request and resources characteristics, and avoidance of service disruption due to possible changes on resources¿ location. In the meantime, the inception of fog computing, as an extension of the cloud computing concept, leveraging idle computing resources at the edge of the network through their organization as highly virtualized micro data centers (MDC) enabled the reduction on the network latency observed by services launched at edge devices, further reducing the traffic at the core network and the energy consumption by network and cloud data center equipment, besides other benefits. Envisioning the benefits of the distributed and coordinated employment of both fog and cloud resources, the Fog-to-Cloud (F2C) architecture has been recently proposed, further empowering the distributed allocation of services into the most suitable resources, be it in cloud, fog or both. Since future IoT applications shall present strict demands that may be satisfied through a combined fog-cloud solution, aligned to the F2C architecture, the second approach for the service-oriented resource allocation, considered in this thesis, aims at providing QoS-aware resource allocation through the deployment of a hierarchical F2C topology, where resource are logically distributed into layers providing distinct characteristics in terms of network latency, disruption probability, IT power, etc. Therefore, distinct strategies for service distribution in F2C architectures, taking into consideration features such as service transmission delay, energy consumption and network load. Concerning the need for failure recovery mechanisms, distinct demands of heterogeneous services are considered in order to assess distinct strategies for allocation of protection resources in the F2C hierarchy. In addition, the impact of the layered control topology on the efficient allocation of resources in F2C is further evaluated. Finally, avenues for future work are presented.Aunque son ya varias las aplicaciones que se han desarrollado en el área de IoT, especialmente en el campo ambiental, Smart Home o Smart Health, las implementaciones actuales son en su mayoría ¿host-oriented¿, lo que sin duda limita sus potenciales beneficios. Una posible estrategia para reducir esos efectos negativos se centra en que las futuras aplicaciones se beneficien de las comunicaciones orientadas a servicios, ¿service-oriented¿, donde el establecimiento de comunicación entre puntos finales no depende del conocimiento previo de los hosts a cargo de proporcionar la ejecución del servicio. En este escenario, una solicitud de ejecución de servicio se asigna a los recursos más adecuados capaces de proporcionar el servicio solicitado. Este modelo se considera clave para el despliegue de futuros servicios en Smart Cities, e-Health, Intelligent Transportation Systems, etc. Reconocidos los beneficios de este modelo en las aplicaciones futuras, un substancial esfuerzo de investigación es necesario para abordar varios desafíos aún no resueltos, como los surgidos por la alta dinámica y heterogeneidad inherente a estos escenarios. De hecho, la comunicación service-oriented requiere una vista actualizada de los recursos disponibles, así como la asignación de solicitudes de servicio en los recursos más adecuados teniendo en cuenta varias restricciones y requisitos. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo proponer y evaluar mecanismos para la asignación eficiente de recursos en escenarios IoT orientados a servicios a través del empleo de dos tecnologías básicas distintas. En el primer enfoque, el llamado Path Computation Element (PCE), diseñado para desacoplar la función de enrutamiento de los conmutadores GMPLS hacia un elemento centralizado, se extiende generando la arquitectura service-oriented PCE (S-PCE). En S-PCE se utiliza un identificador de servicio (SID) para identificar el servicio requerido por un usuario final, y la solicitud se asigna, bien a uno o bien a un conjunto de recursos, mediante un esquema de asignación de 2 pasos que permite la selección de los recursos adecuados, evitando la interrupción del servicio debido a posibles cambios en la ubicación de los recursos. Mientras tanto, el inicio de Fog computing, como una extensión de Cloud computing, basado conceptualmente en aprovechar la infraestructura y los recursos inactivos en el extremo de la red a través de su organización como micro data centers (MDC), ha supuesto la reducción de la latencia de la red para los servicios lanzados por dispositivos localizados en el extremo de la red, reduciendo el tráfico en el centro de la red (backbone) así como el consumo de energía, además de otros beneficios. Asumiendo las ventajas de la utilización distribuida y coordinada de los recursos fog y cloud, la arquitectura Fog-to-Cloud (F2C) ha sido recientemente propuesta, destinada a potenciar la asignación distribuida de servicios en los recursos más adecuados, sea en cloud, fog o ambos. Dado que las futuras aplicaciones IoT deben presentar demandas que podrían ser satisfechas a través de una solución alineada con la arquitectura F2C, el segundo enfoque para la asignación de recurso orientado a servicio, considerado en esta tesis, tiene como objetivo proporcionar una asignación de recursos mediante el despliegue de una topología F2C, donde los recursos se distribuyen lógicamente en capas que proporcionan características distintas en términos de latencia de red, probabilidad de interrupción, etc. Así, se proponen distintas estrategias para la distribución de servicios, teniendo en cuenta características tales como QoS y consumo de energía. Con respecto a la necesidad de mecanismos de recuperación de fallos, se evalúan distintas estrategias para la asignación de recursos de protección en la jerarquía F2C. Además, se evalúa el impacto de la topología de control en capas sobre la asignación eficiente de recursos en F2C. Finalmente, las sugerencias para trabajos futuros son presentadas

Renal Fornix Rupture Due To Acute Ureteral Obstruction

Background: Renal fornix rupture with fluid extravasation is a rare complication in cases of ureteral obstruction, which is usually caused by obstructive ureterolithiasis. The symptoms of renal fornix rupture are not very specific and can easily go unnoticed due to their underlying cause. Case representation: The present article reports a case of a patient of a 70-year-old, male, who was diagnosed with a ruptured renal fornix due to acute ureteral obstruction, following clinical assessment and a non-contrast CT scan. The proposed course of action was the endoscopic placement of a double J ureteral catheter. Conclusion: In the case described, the conservative treatment that was chosen by passing a double J catheter through the left ureter, for the patient proved to be an alternative to surgical treatment in the acute event, reducing the risk of possible complications from the operation. It was possible to conclude that although renal fornix rupture is a rare emergency with multiple etiologies, conservative treatment with urinary diversion using a double J ureteral stent was effective in solving the patient\u27s acute condition

VARIABILIDADE DA FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA EM CRIANÇAS OBESAS

Introduction:in recent years, several studies have performed the behavior of ANS on obesity by the heart rate variability (HRV). The literature describes that obese adults have dysfunctions on ANS, nevertheless there is a few information with childhood obesity and the findings are still inconclusive. Objective: gathering studies that approach the analysis of the ANS by HRV in obese children to understand better the influence of obesity on this system and in this population and provide an update of the findings published in the last eleven years. Methods: the search of articles was conducted on Pubmed, Ibesc, Medline, Scielo, Cochrane and Lilacs databases using the keywords: heart rate, autonomic nervous system, obesity, child and sympathetic nervous system of health subject headings (MeSH). Results: the electronic search resulted in 11 articles and, in general, showed a decrease in activity of the parasympathetic branch of obese children and inconclusive results by the sympathetic branch. Moreover, interventions as diet and physical activity could increase the ANS function in these children. Conclusion: obese children have changes on ANS function and this presents the necessity of precocious attention aims at avoiding future complications.Introdução: nos últimos anos, diversos estudos analisaram o comportamento do sistema nervosoautônomo (SNA) frente à obesidade e utilizaram, para esta análise, a variabilidade da frequênciacardíaca (VFC). Embora descrito na literatura que adultos obesos apresentam disfunções do SNA, faltam informações referentes a crianças obesas e os achados existentes ainda são inconclusivos. Objetivo: reunir estudos que abordem a análise do SNA, por meio da VFC, em crianças obesas para melhor compreender a influência da obesidade sobre esse sistema nessa população e fornecer uma atualização dos achados publicados nos últimos onze anos referentes ao tema. Método: a busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Ibecs, Medline, Scielo, Cochrane e Lilacs por meio dos seguintes descritores da área da saúde (DeCS): frequência cardíaca, sistema nervoso autônomo, obesidade, criança e sistema nervoso simpático e suas respectivas versões na língua inglesa (MeSH). Resultados: a busca resultou em 11 artigos, os quais demonstraram que, em geral, crianças obesas apresentam menor atividade do SNA parassimpático e os resultados são inconclusivos para a atividade simpática. Além disso, intervenções como dieta e atividade física podem melhorar a condição de atuação do SNA nessas crianças. Conclusão: crianças obesas apresentam modificações na atuação do SNA, o que demonstra a necessidade de atenção precoce a esta população para evitar complicações futuras

COMO A EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA TRAÇA O FUTURO DE PESSOAS BEM-SUCEDIDAS

In a country where financial education practices are not part of the population's reality, the media exploits children's vulnerabilities to attract new consumers, which is understandable in a capitalist world. The way parents position themselves on this issue in relation to their children makes a huge difference in the development of that child's knowledge of financial and critical education. The main objective of this research is to understand the level of knowledge that individuals have in relation to financial education, with the specific way of quantifying this knowledge and measuring the vision regarding the need to address this subject from early childhood education. The construction of the writing is based on logical and scientific methods, through quantitative and qualitative research through a sampling of the adult population regarding their knowledge about their financial life and limitations. To this end, we used a survey of published works, consisting of books, magazines, periodicals, scientific articles and academic works, all found in virtual libraries such as SciELO and Google Scholar. The result generated after applying the questionnaires to individuals demonstrated something already expected by researchers on the subject, in almost all of the questionnaire applied, the interviewees reported having difficulties in managing their financial lives, pointing out a need to learn about the subject. even in the early years of elementary school. En un país donde las prácticas de educación financiera no son parte de la realidad de la población, los medios explotan las vulnerabilidades de los niños para atraer nuevos consumidores, lo cual es comprensible en un mundo capitalista. La forma en que los padres se posicionan sobre este tema en relación con sus hijos marca una enorme diferencia en el desarrollo del conocimiento de ese niño sobre educación financiera y crítica. l principal objetivo de esta investigación es comprender el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los individuos en relación a la educación financiera, con la forma específica de cuantificar este conocimiento y medir la visión respecto de la necesidad de abordar este tema desde la educación infantil. La construcción del escrito se fundamenta en métodos lógicos y científicos, a través de una investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa mediante un muestreo de la población adulta respecto de sus conocimientos sobre su vida financiera y sus limitaciones. Para ello, utilizamos una encuesta de trabajos publicados, compuestos por libros, revistas, periódicos, artículos científicos y trabajos académicos, todos encontrados en bibliotecas virtuales como SciELO y Google Scholar. El resultado generado luego de aplicar los cuestionarios a individuos demostró algo ya esperado por los investigadores en el tema, en casi todos los cuestionarios aplicados, los entrevistados reportaron tener dificultades en el manejo de su vida financiera, señalando una necesidad de aprender sobre el tema, incluso en los primeros años de la escuela primaria. Num país onde as práticas de educação financeira não fazem parte da realidade da população, os meios de comunicação exploram as vulnerabilidades das crianças para atrair novos consumidores, o que é compreensível em um mundo capitalista. A forma como os pais se posicionam sobre esta questão em relação aos seus filhos faz uma enorme diferença no desenvolvimento do conhecimento da educação financeira e crítica dessa criança. As escolas por sua vez, falham no processo de ensino sobre a educação financeira, não trazendo para as aulas assuntos financeiros de maneira atualizada e lúdica aos alunos, desde os primeiros anos de ensinamento, assunto esse garantido por lei através da pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC. O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa é entender o nível de conhecimento que os indivíduos têm em relação à educação financeira, tendo como forma específica quantificar esse conhecimento e dosar a visão em relação à necessidade de abordar esse assunto desde a educação infantil. A construção da escrita baseia-se em métodos lógicos e científicos e de uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa através de uma amostragem com a população adulta sobre o conhecimento de sua vida financeira e limitações. Para tanto, valeu-se do levantamento de obras publicadas, constituídas de livros, revistas, periódicos, artigos científicos e trabalhos acadêmicos, todos encontrados em bibliotecas virtuais como SciELO e Google Scholar.Num país onde as práticas de educação financeira não fazem parte da realidade da população, os meios de comunicação exploram as vulnerabilidades das crianças para atrair novos consumidores, o que é compreensível em um mundo capitalista. A forma como os pais se posicionam sobre esta questão em relação aos seus filhos faz uma enorme diferença no desenvolvimento do conhecimento da educação financeira e crítica dessa criança. As escolas por sua vez, falham no processo de ensino sobre a educação financeira, não trazendo para as aulas assuntos financeiros de maneira atualizada e lúdica aos alunos, desde os primeiros anos de ensinamento, assunto esse garantido por lei através da pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC. O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa é entender o nível de conhecimento que os indivíduos têm em relação à educação financeira, tendo como forma específica quantificar esse conhecimento e dosar a visão em relação à necessidade de abordar esse assunto desde a educação infantil. A construção da escrita baseia-se em métodos lógicos e científicos e de uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa através de uma amostragem com a população adulta sobre o conhecimento de sua vida financeira e limitações. Para tanto, valeu-se do levantamento de obras publicadas, constituídas de livros, revistas, periódicos, artigos científicos e trabalhos acadêmicos, todos encontrados em bibliotecas virtuais como SciELO e Google Scholar

Eficácia dos Protocolos de Suporte Avançado de Vida no Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar de Parada Cardiorrespiratória: Uma Revisão Integrativa

This article presents an integrative review on the effectiveness of Advanced Life Support (ALS) protocols in the pre-hospital management of cardiac arrest. The research was conducted by analyzing nine studies selected from electronic databases, published between 2018 and 2023. The results indicate that the standardization of ALS practices, according to the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, significantly increases the rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital discharge. Additionally, continuous education and regular training of healthcare professionals are crucial for the effectiveness of pre-hospital care. Adequate infrastructure and availability of resources are also determinants for the success of ALS interventions. The integration of educational technologies and technological advancements in the training of healthcare professionals proved to be a promising strategy to improve the application of protocols. This study contributes to the field of pre-hospital resuscitation by providing a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing the effectiveness of ALS protocols, highlighting the need for a multifaceted approach that combines standardization, continuous education, adequate resources, and technological innovations.Este artigo apresenta uma revisão integrativa sobre a eficácia dos protocolos de Suporte Avançado de Vida (SAV) no atendimento pré-hospitalar de parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR). A pesquisa foi conduzida através da análise de nove estudos selecionados em bases de dados eletrônicas, publicados entre 2018 e 2023. Os resultados indicam que a padronização das práticas de SAV, conforme as diretrizes da American Heart Association (AHA), aumenta significativamente as taxas de retorno da circulação espontânea (RCE) e a sobrevivência até a alta hospitalar. Além disso, a educação continuada e o treinamento regular dos profissionais de saúde são cruciais para a eficácia do atendimento pré-hospitalar. A infraestrutura adequada e a disponibilidade de recursos também são determinantes para o sucesso das intervenções de SAV. A integração de tecnologias educacionais e avanços tecnológicos na formação dos profissionais de saúde mostrou-se uma estratégia promissora para melhorar a aplicação dos protocolos. Este estudo contribui para o campo da ressuscitação pré-hospitalar ao fornecer uma visão abrangente sobre os fatores que influenciam a eficácia dos protocolos de SAV, destacando a necessidade de uma abordagem multifacetada que combine padronização, educação contínua recursos adequados e inovações tecnológicas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions