Diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de planos de gestão de parques urbanos em Porto Alegre - RS

A necessidade de ferramentas gerenciais para auxiliar na gestão e no planejamento de parques urbanos em Porto Alegre é uma realidade que se estende à maioria das cidades brasileiras, nas quais não é comum o desenvolvimento de planos de gestão de parques urbanos (PGPU). O município de Porto Alegre pretende desenvolver o PGPU de alguns parques, mas falta referencial (teórico e empírico) para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Frente a essa problemática, o presente estudo visa a contribuir com as necessidades da Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, objetivando a proposição de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de planos de gestão de parques urbanos no Município. Os conceitos utilizados para esta pesquisa estão relacionados a áreas verdes urbanas, parques urbanos, gestão de parques urbanos, planos de gestão de parques urbanos e participação para o desenvolvimento de um PGPU. Para isso, adotou-se como método a pesquisa construtiva (design science research). Considerando essa estratégia, a pesquisa foi dividida em quatro etapas. A primeira etapa teve como objetivo delimitar e compreender os temas relacionados à pesquisa por meio da fundamentação teórica dos conceitos abordados. A segunda etapa prestou-se a realizar o diagnóstico dos parques em Porto Alegre, por meio de revisão de literatura, consulta a atores da pesquisa (técnicos municipais), análise de documentos e da legislação municipal pertinente à temática abordada. A terceira etapa teve como objetivo a análise de dois planos diretores de parques urbanos brasileiros (Parque Ibirapuera, em São Paulo, e do Parque Renné Giannetti, em Belo Horizonte) e dois master plans no contexto internacional (Weston Park, em Canberra, na Austrália, e do City Park, em Denver, nos Estados Unidos). Tais planos foram analisados por meio de uma matriz dividida em ‘processo’ de desenvolvimento e ‘produto’ que representa cada um dos planos analisados. A partir disso, foi estabelecido um esboço do ‘escopo’ para o desenvolvimento de um PGPU. A quarta etapa, compreendeu a percepção de técnicos municipais e pesquisadores, que foram obtidas por meio da realização de grupos focais, a fim de avaliar os resultados das etapas anteriores e obter contribuições para o refinamento do escopo e das diretrizes propostas.The demand for management tools to assist in the management and planning of urban parks in Porto Alegre is a reality that extends to most Brazilian cities, in which the development of urban park management plans (PGPU) is not common. The municipality of Porto Alegre intends to develop the PGPU for some parks, but there is a lack of theoretical and empirical support for the development of this work. Faced with this issue, this study aims to contribute to the needs of the Municipality of Porto Alegre, aiming to propose guidelines for the development of management plans for urban parks in the city. The concepts used for this research are related to urban green areas, urban parks, urban park management, urban park management plans and participation in the development of a PGPU. For this, constructive research (design science research) was adopted as a method. Considering this strategy, the research was divided into four stages. The first stage aimed to delimit and to comprehend the topics related to research through the theoretical foundation of the themes covered. The second step was to carry out the diagnosis of the parks in Porto Alegre, through literature review, consultation with research actors (municipal technicians), analysis of documents and municipal legislation relevant to the topic addressed. The third stage aimed to analyze two master plans of Brazilian urban parks (Parque Ibirapuera, in São Paulo, and Parque Renné Giannetti, in Belo Horizonte) and other two on the international context (Weston Park, in Canberra, Australia, and City Park, in Denver, USA). Such plans were analyzed using a matrix divided into development 'process' and 'product' that represents each of the analyzed plans. From this, a draft of the 'scope' for the development of a PGPU was established. The fourth stage comprises the perception of municipal technicians and researchers, which were obtained by focus groups, in order to assess the results of the previous stages and to obtain contributions to refine the scope and the proposed guidelines

O processo de composição pessoal em “A Lastimável Tragédia de Tito Andrônico”, de William Shakespeare

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Artes Cênicas, 2016.Este trabalho visa desenvolver algumas reflexões sobre o processo coletivo e pessoal da montagem do espetáculo “A Lastimável Tragédia de Tito Andrônico”, resultado final da turma do Projeto de Diplomação 2/2013. Para tanto, buscarei relacionar meu processo pessoal às investigações e provocações surgidas em sala de aula, como exercícios teatrais, proposição e ensaio de cenas, bem como a reflexões de autores que respaldaram esse processo de composição e interpretação

Social Wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

This study was developed aiming to compile data concerning the occurrence and distribution of social wasp species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, as well as recording exclusive and rare species. For this purpose, we compiled studies from the specialized literature and created a table containing the species occurrence in the different states which present the phytogeographic domain. A total of 170 species was recorded, corresponding to almost a half of the richness of social wasps in Brazil, including 50 endemic, with highlight to Rio de Janeiro state, which nevertheless is insufficiently sampled. This way, from this work, it is concluded that Brazilian Atlantic Forest must be seen as an important refuge for Polistinae

Resistência de linhagens de feijoeiro-comum a isolados de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum em diferentes condições ambientais

The objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lines to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the aggressiveness of the isolates, and the inheritance of resistance to white mold, under two environmental conditions. The experiments were carried out under field and greenhouse conditions. In each one, four isolates were inoculated in 14 common bean lines using the straw-test inoculation method and severity on plants. No common bean line with a high level of resistance to white mold was identified, and most of the lines were moderately resistant to the pathogen. In general, the BRS Campeiro, BRS Radiante, BRSMG Talismã, and Ouro Negro cultivars stand out for resistance. Under field conditions, the UFLA 3 isolate discriminates well the lines, while, under greenhouse conditions, UFLA 26 and UFLA 92 are the most aggressive isolates. Furthermore, according to the genetic study, most of the observed variation can be attributed to horizontal resistance, although a small part is associated with vertical resistance.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de linhagens de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) ao fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a agressividade dos isolados, e a herança de resistência ao mofo-branco, em duas condições ambientais. Os experimentos foram realizados em condições de campo e casa de vegetação. Em cada um deles, quatro isolados foram inoculados em 14 linhagens de feijoeiro-comum pelo método de inoculação “straw test” e a severidade nas plantas foi avaliada. Não se identificaram linhagens de feijão-comum com alto nível de resistência ao mofo-branco, e a maioria delas mostrou-se moderadamente resistente ao patógeno. Em geral, as cultivares BRS Campeiro, BRS Radiante, BRSMG Talismã e Ouro Negro destacam-se quanto à resistência. Na condição de campo, o isolado UFLA 3 discrimina bem as linhagens, enquanto, na casa de vegetação, UFLA 26 e UFLA 92 são os isolados mais agressivos. Além disso, de acordo com o estudo genético, a maior parte da variação encontrada pode ser atribuída à resistência horizontal, embora uma pequena parte esteja associada à resistência vertical

Visual attention of experts and novices to a critical industrial maintenance task

In the industrial maintenance field, critical tasks are activities that can endanger operating processes and cause serious accidents if not performed correctly. These tasks are typically performed by professionals with a considerable level of knowledge and rely on prescribed procedures that flag the task, drawing the attention of task performers. Given the importance of reviewing work procedures and monitoring tasks for human error prevention, this study analyzed similarities and differences in the visual attention of expert and novice task performers while following procedures with and without flagging of a critical task. The study included 48 maintenance professionals, divided into two groups of performers: experts and novices. For attention analysis, eye-tracking technology was used to monitor their observation during the work procedure, recording data on time to first fixation, total fixation time and number of visits. The results indicate that in the procedure without flagging of the critical task, the numbers of fixations on and visits to the stages of the task were higher in the novice than in the expert group. In the flagged procedure, the visual attention of experts and novices was similar when considering all stages of the task. In conclusion, the tasks must be revised between the two groups, and the flagged procedure can be used as a guide for work monitoring, helping experts or novices to more easily select relevant information

Hepatic and Renal Lesions in Free Ranging Black Caimans (Melanosuchus niger) in the Brazilian Amazon for Human Consumption

Background: The black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), belongs to the order Crocodylia, family Alligatoridae. More than a hundred species of helminths, mainly trematodes and nematodes, parasitize crocodilians around the world and a considerable number of species of ascaris have been described in crocodilians. There are few descriptions of hepatic and renal diseases affecting M. niger, and no articles related to the histopathological aspects of this species were found. The aim of this study was to evaluate gross and microscopically the liver and kidneys of 100 specimens of Melanosuchus niger slaughtered in Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, from natural populations.Materials, Methods & Results: The capture of the alligators was performed during the night, by members of the community itself in the channels and lagoons of the Reserve's lowland ecosystem. For the capture procedures, ties and harpoons were used and the animals were identified through the red glow of the eyes using the spot light lanterns. After being conducted to the slaughter area, the animals were submitted to the previous biometry to select which animals were appropriated   for slaughter, they should measure between 2.10 m and 2.80 m. A total of 88 livers and 95 kidneys of M. niger of natural populations were analysed gross and microscopically, independently of gross lesions. The fragments collected for histopathological examination were approximately 0.5 cm thick and they were packed in appropriated identified containers with formalin 10% solution. The collection procedures were accompanied by field records for data recording. After fixation of the collected material, it were processes by habitual techniques for paraffin inclusion and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Grossly, none of the livers examined presented alterations and two kidneys presented parasitism. The hepatic microscopic analysis  indicates in 3/88 cases, multiple foci of necrosis. In 7/88 cases, it was observed in the hepatic parenchyma, granulomas, mainly with epithelioid cells. In the histopathological examination of the kidney, the only alteration observe in 8/95 cases was the presence of granulomas.Discussion: The occurrence of Sebekia oxycephala nymphs, a pentastomid, in the liver of Alligator mississippiensis was reported in other researches. The parasite Sebekia mississippiensis was observed in liver and lungs of A. mississippiensis.  similar alterations were also noticed in this research. The coccidiosis related to hepatic manifestations in crocodilians is related to the parasite that may belong to the genus Goussia. In the liver, under the oocysts form leads to a diffuse hydropic degeneration  of hepatocytes. In this study it was also observed the hydronic degeneration, however, associated to the necrosis areas that had in the periphery epithelioid cells infiltrated, without parasitic participation. Two renal trematodes are known in crocodilians, Deurithrema gingae and Renivermis crocodyli both in Crocodylus porosus. Also it was found in the renal parenchyma few encapsulated and well delimited parasites by a severe tissue reaction. Based on the gross and microscopic found, it is concluded that liver and kidney, although multiple organ functions, were not prone to infections, with granulomas being the main manifestation, and the etiopathogenesis of the areas of hepatic necrosis could not be defined

EFEITO DE DOSES DE ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA NA PRODUÇÃO DE PALMA FORRAGEIRA

A palma forrageira representa excelente alternativa de cultivo para o semiárido brasileiro por adaptar-se bem as condições edafoclimáticas da região. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as características morfométricas e a produtividade de duas espécies de palma forrageira submetidas a diferentes doses de adubação orgânica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com 4 repetições, sendo quatro doses de adubação orgânica e duas espécies. As características avaliadas foram: comprimento do cladódio, largura do cladódio, número de cladódios, altura das plantas, altura total dos cladódios, área do cladódio, índice de área dos cladódios, produção de massa verde e produção de massa seca. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância. O teste de Tukey (P<0,05) foi usado para comparação das médias das espécies e para doses de adubo foram gerados gráficos a partir das regressões.  Para as características morfométricas e de produção observou-se efeito significativo para as doses de esterco bovino sob todos os parâmetros analisados. A máxima produção de matéria seca foi observada, quando se aplicou 75 t ha-1 de esterco bovino. A palma ‘Gigante’ apresenta maior produção de matéria seca quando comparada a ‘Sem espinho’. Palavras-chave: Nopalea cochenillifera; Opuntia fícus-indica; semiárido.   Effect of organic fertilization doses on forage palm production   ABSTRACT: The forage palm represents an excellent cultivation alternative for the Brazilian semi-arid, as it adapts well to the region's edaphoclimatic conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and the productivity of two species of forage palm submitted to different doses of organic fertilization. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with 4 replications, with four doses of organic fertilization and two species. The characteristics evaluated were: length of the cladode, width of the cladode, number of cladodes, plant height, total height of the cladodes, area of ​​the cladode, index of the area of ​​the cladodes, production of green mass and production of dry mass. The data were subjected to analysis of variance. The Tukey test (P <0.05) was used to compare the means of the species and for fertilizer doses, graphs were generated from the regressions. For the morphometric and production characteristics, a significant effect was observed for the doses of bovine manure under all parameters analyzed. Maximum dry matter production was observed when 75 t ha-1 of bovine manure was applied. The ‘Gigante’ palm has a higher production of dry matter when compared to ‘Sem espinho’. Keywords: Nopalea cochenillifera; Opuntia fícus-indica; semiarid

Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in a Captive Tapir (Tapirus terrestris)

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has already been identified in a great number of wild species. Captive animals may have a potential source for zoonoses, because is related to factors such as cohabitation, direct contact with the public, presence of biological vectors, nutritional deficiencies, absence of sanitary barriers, precautionary hygienic measures and sanitary vigilance. In Brazil, there is little information on tuberculosis in captivity animals, and little attention is given to the risks of disease transmission from humans. The aim of this study was to report the first diagnosed case of tuberculosis Tapirus terrestris in Brazilian Amazon region.Case: One Tapirus terrestris was kept by local zoobotanic foundation in city of Marabá, Southeast of Pará state, Brazilian Amazon, and became ill. Physical examination revealed cough, sneezing, nasal outflow, dyspnea, hyperthermia and lethargy, leading to death. Necropsy demonstrated severe pulmonary alterations: thickening of the inter-alveolar septa, alveolar emphysema, and miliary nodules with dimensions up to 5 mm, which were yellowish-white, caseous, and sometimes calcified. Additionally, large areas of caseous compaction of the parenchyma, characteristic of caseous tuberculosis. Histopathological analysis revealed a process characteristic of mycobacterial infection, with alveoli filled with caseous exudate and thickened septa and fibrocytes, in addition to recently formed tubercles, some with caseous necrosis, calcifications and Langhans cells. In the Ziehl-Neelsen staining, alcohol-acid resistant bacilli were observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. No mycobacterial growth was observed in Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium. A nested PCR followed by a sequencing assay targeting the hsp65 gene and M. tuberculosis complex member was detected. Water and M. tuberculosis H37Rv were used as negative and positive controls, respectively.Discussion: This article reports the first case of tuberculosis in T. terrestris in Amazonia. The case of infection was caused by a complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as reports of other studies described in wild animals. This record presented clinical and pathological similarity with the cases of a tapir and coati at the zoo of Curitiba, and non-human primates in bioteries in Belém. The disease was reported, also, in a T. indicus female in Bangkok, Thailand. In another study with two tapirs there was positivity of tuberculin test result in a Swedish zoo. In necropsy findings of tuberculosis in a Malayan tapir showed multiple white, caseous nodules spread throughout the lungs. Studies have shown that lesions can be in various organs, among them the mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidneys, ovaries, serosa, diaphragm, intestines and uterus. For exemple in a case of disseminated tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis in a Malayan tapir were described multiple granulomes, some coalescent, characterized by necrotic caseous centers, with some Langhans giant cells and a discrete fibrotic zone. In the present work, the results of the anatomopathological and molecular assays confirmed the clinical suspicion of respiratory infection and established the conclusive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis complex member. It is worth noting that tuberculosis is an important zoonotic disease affecting survival of the species, posing an extinction threat and also a public health concern

Effect of irradiation times on the polymerization depth of contemporary fissure sealants with different opacities

The aim of this study was to evaluate the depth of curing of 10 contemporary blue light-activated dental flowable materials at several opacities, influenced by different irradiation times using FT-IR spectroscopy. Fifty-five specimens (n = 5) with a 5-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness of translucent (Opallis Flow T), yellowed (Master Flow A2; Opallis Flow A2; Natural Flow A2; Fluroshield Yellowed), and opaque materials (Master Flow OA2; Natural Flow O; Opallis Flow OA3.5; Opallis Flow OP; Fluroshield White) were obtained at six curing times (10s, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, and 60s) using a high-intensity LED (Coltolux, Coltène/Whaledent). The degree of conversion (DC) (%) was obtained using the Nexus 470 FTIR Spectrometer (Nicolet Instruments, USA). The FTIR-ATR spectra for uncured and cured samples were analyzed using a ZnSe crystal. The top and bottom surfaces of the cured specimens were analyzed to obtain the depth of curing. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The highest curing depth was obtained by Natural Flow OA2, while the lowest was shown by Master Flow OA2. The shortest curing time generated similar depths of cure in comparison with the most extensive for Opallis Flow A2 and Fluroshield Yellowed. Therefore, depth of curing, influenced by the irradiation time, was dependent on the materials. Using the Natural Flow OA2 opaque sealant and the 10-s curing time for Opallis Flow A2 and Fluroshield Yellowed may represent alternative approaches to sealing tooth fissures

“Rural Extension - Dairy Cattle” of the Professional Improvement Program in Veterinary Medicine at University of Franca provides veterinary assistance to small rural properties of region / “Extensão Rural - Gado de Leite” do Programa de Aprimoramento Profissional em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Franca proporciona assistência veterinária a pequenas propriedades rurais da região

The rural extension is a technical activity that aims at an educational and instructive character in assisted properties, especially for small and medium rural dairy farmers. In this way, among other factors, it aims to maintain the welfare and health of the animals involved and also to produce subsistence with the activity. Given the importance of dairy farming in Brazil and the various difficulties encountered in this sector, this work aims to report the performance and importance of the “Rural Extension - Dairy Cattle” Project of the Professional Improvement Program in Veterinary Medicine at the University of Franca (UNIFRAN). This extension project, created in 2012, in addition to improving the knowledge of recently graduated academics, provides veterinary technical assistance to small rural dairy farmers in the city of Franca (SP) and region, especially in relation to the processes that involve the handling, welfare, nutrition, production, reproduction and health of the animals. Each selected student develops these activities for two consecutive years, under the constant supervision and guidance of the institution's faculty, in addition to the assistance of interns. Thus, using the rural extension methodology recommended by the “Rural Extension – Dairy Cattle” Project, It is admitted that it provides the intensive improvement of the veterinarian for being directly inserted in the current job market, in addition to offering instructions to rural producers followed by animal care, which favors the productivity and quality of the product obtained.